Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Indian Standard
CODE FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR
CENTRIFUGAL, MIXED FLOW AND
AXIAL PUMPS—CLASS C
( Fifth Reprint JUNE 1997 )
UDC 621.67 : 620.16 : 006.76
© Copyright 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
M A N A K B H A V A N , 9 B A H A D U R SHAH Z A F A R M A R G
N E W D E L H I 1 1 0 0 0 2
(EDO 35)
Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi, India
AMENDMENT NO. 3 MARCH 1989
T O
In no case shall cavitation test be used to = 0.6 724 + 0.49
check that the pump shall be free from cavita
tionai erosion during its service life.'
= 1.162 4
( Page 24, clause 9.2.1, third para after efficiency
transiation ) — Substitute the following for the Hence the pump characteristics is within
existing matter: the acceptable limits.
'If n sp exceeds 20 percent variation, it shall
be necessary to apply corrections on efficiency as d) T h e duty point ( 6 000 m 3 /h, 41 m ) is
grven in 5.8. T h e stipulation for H, Q, and connected to ( 0,0 ) and the intersection
NPSH shall remain according to 9.2.1 irrespec of this line with the characteristic curve is
tive of n sp variations.' determined which being 6 200 m 3 /h, 42 m.
This duty considered as the actual pump
[ Page 26. clause 9.6 ( see also Amendment duty has an efficiency of 84.5 percent.
No. 1 ) ] — Add the following examples in 9.6:
Example 3: e) Permissible lower limit on guaranteed
efficiency ( 0.95 × 0.85 ) = 0.807 5, that
When pump fails to meet the guaranteed is, 80 75 percent. Since actual p u m p effi
power input to the pump: ciency is 84.5 percent this is also within
a) Guaranteed duty of pump: acceptable limits.
Capacity 6 000 m 3 /h f) T h e power input to the pump within the
Total head 41 m range denned in 9.4.1 by the tolerances
±X Q and ±XH. is 836.9 to 852.4 kW. As
Speed 553 rpm agreed between the manufacturer and the
Efficiency 85 percent purchaser the power should not exceed
828 kW. Since the power input within the
Power input to pump at 788.6 kW range exceeds 828 kW, the pump fails to
duty point meet the power consumption.
G r 1
F I G . 10C CHARACTERISTIC CURVE FOR PUMP OF G U A R A N T E E D D U T Y OF 6 000 m 3 /h
D I S C H A R G E × m H E A D
Example 4: 5.1 ???
When pump fails to meer tae guaranteed Rate of Head Power Efficiency'
effiency point; ??? Absorbed
(m3/h) m (kW) percent
a) Guaranteed Duty of Pump 0 15 — —
50 14.5 9.88 20
Capacity 300 m3/h 100 13.5 10.22 36
Total head 7.5 m 150 12.5 10.87 47
Speed 1 480 rpm 200 11.5 11.6 54
250 10.5 11.72 61
Efficiency 54 percent 300 8.5 11.98 58
Power at duty point 11.35 kW 325 6.5 12.8 45
2
c) Characteristic curve Qv/s H, Qv/s Η, QV/S P 8.0 m ) . This duty considered as the
are drawn on graph ( see Fig. 10D ) ∆ H actual pump duty has an efficiency of
= 1.0 m, ∆ Q,= 20 m 3 /h 50 percent.
FIG. 10D CHARACTERISTIC CURVE FOR PUMP OF GUARANTEED DUTY OF 300 m3/h
DISCHARGE × 7.5 m HEAD
( EDO 35 )
3
( Page 14, clause 6.1.4, first para ) — Substitute the following for the
existing para:
' 6.1.4 Notches, Weirs and Flumes — T h e details pertaining to methods of
measurement arc given in IS : 60621971*, IS : 60631971† and IS : 9108
1979‡. '
( Page 14, footnote with ' * ' mark ) — Substitute the following for the
existing footnote:
' *Method of measurement of flow of water in open channels using standing wave
flumefall.
†Method of measurement of flow of water in open channels using standing wave
flumefall.
‡Liquid flow measurement in open channels using thin plate weirs. '
( EDO 35 )
Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi, India
AMENDMENT NO. 1 OCTOBER 1981
TO
IS : 9137 1978 CODE FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR
CENTRIFUGAL, MIXED FLOW AND AXIAL PUMPS — CLASS C
Corrigendum
[ Page 8. clause 3.2.3.12(b), last sentence ] — Substitute the following for the existing sentence:
'But the vapour pressure of the liquid cannot the temperature of the liquid and this is
be changed without increasing or decreasing always not feasible.'
Alteration
( Page 11, clause 5.8.2, last sentence ) — Substitute the following for the existing sentence:
'The following formula for efficiency correction ηs = efficiency at specified speed,
shall be applied:
NS = specified speed,
N1 = actual test speed, and
Addendum
(Page 26, clause 9 . 5 ) — Add the following new clause after 9.5:
'9.6 The worked out examples indicating the Fig. 10A) ∆H = 2.5 m, ∆Q = 100
application of the formula as given in 9.4.1 m 3 /h
are given below:
Therefore
Example 1:
a) Guaranteed duty of pump:
Capacity 1 000 m 3 /h
Head 50 m
Speed 1 480 rpm = 0.64 + 0.49
Efficiency 80 percent = 1.3
b) Readings corrected to 1 480 rpm Hence, the pump characteristics is
read as follows: within the acceptable limits.
Rate of Flow Head Power Absorbed Efficiency d) The duty point ( 1 000 m 3 /h, 50 m )
( m 3 / h ) ( m ) ( k W ) Percent is connected to ( 0, 0 ) and the inter
0 55 — — section of this line with the charac
teristic curve is determined which
300 54 127.5 34.6 being (970 m 3 /h, 48.5 m ) . This
600 53.5 146 59.9 duty, considered as the actual pump
900 50 162 75.5 duty has an efficiency of 77%.
1 000 47.5 166 78 e) Permissible lower limit on guaranteed
1 200 39 170 75 efficiency (0.95 × 0.8) = 0.76, that is,
76%. Since actual pump efficiency is
c) Characteristic curves Qv/s H, Qv/s η, 77% this is also within acceptable
Q v /s P are drawn from graph (see limits.
Gr 1
1
FIG. 10A CHARACTERISTIC CURVE FOR PUMP OF GUARANTEED DUTY OF 1 000 m3/h
DISCHARGE × 50 m HEAD
Example 2: Fig. 10B) ∆H = 1.5 m, ∆Q,= 4 0
m3/h
a) Guaranteed duty of pump:
Therefore
Capacity 200 m3/h
Head 25 m
Speed 1 480 rpm
Efficiency 70%
3
FIG. 10B CHARACTERISTIC CURVE FOR PUMP OF GUARANTEED DUTY
OF 200 m3/h DISCHARGE × 25 m HEAD
(EDO 35)
4
Indian Standard
CODE FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR
CENTRIFUGAL, MIXED FLOW AND
AXIAL PUMPS — CLASS C
Pumps Sectional Committee, EDC 35
Chairman Representing
S H R I K . M U B A Y I Mather and Piatt Ltd, Bombay
Members
S H R I A. K . DASGUPTA ( Alternate to
Shri K. Mubayi )
S H R I K . C . AGARWAL Ministry of Shipping and Transport
DR S. BALAKRISHNAN Southern Indian Engineering Manufacturers Association, Coimbatore
SHRI V. P . VENUGOPAL ( Alternate )
S H R I S . BALAKRISHNAN Tata Chemicals Limited, Mithapur
S H R I B . T . DEVANATHAN ( Alternate )
CHIEF ELECTRICAL E N G I N E E R Ministry of Railways
SENIOR ELECTRICAL E N G I N E E R ( M ) ( Alternate )
SHRI J. D. CRUZ Water Supply and Sewage Disposal Undertaking, New Delhi
S H R I Y. D. M I S R A ( Alternate )
S H R I A. S. D A N D E K A R Mechanical Engineers Association ( I ) , Bombay
S H R I S . L . ABHYANKAR ( Alternate )
S H R I M . DHARMAPANDIAN Department of Industries, Government of Tamil N a d u , Madras
G E N E R A L S U P E R I N T E N D E N T Public Works, Workshops and Stores, Government of Tamil Nadu,
Madras
S H R I GOVERDHAN N . G I D W A N I Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi
S H R I S . C . K A P U R ( Alternate )
S H E I S . N . H U S S A I N Best & Co Pvt Ltd, Madras
S H R I K . R . RANGANATHAN ( Alternate )
D R K . R . ILANGO Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, Neyveli
S H R I P. VAIDYANATHAN ( Alternate )
S H R I P . K . J O H N Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Tiruchchirappalli
S H R I B . KAPOOR Johnston Pumps India Ltd, Calcutta
S H R I J. P. R O Y ( Alternate )
L T C O L G . L . M A N W A N I Ministry of Defence ( R & D )
L T C O L S . K . S I N HA ( Alternate )
S H R I B . P . M I T T A L Indian Pumps Manufacturers Association, Calcutta; and Flowmore
Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
S H R I P . M . N A I K Government of Maharashtra, Bombay
S H R I A. E. K A B R A ( Alternate )
S H R I J . S . N E G I Jyoti Limited, Vadodara
S H R I R . K . SRIVASTAVA ( Alternate )
S H R I V. R. PHATAK K. S. B. Pumps Ltd, Bombay
S H E I U . S . PRASAD Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Bombay
S H R I K . SANKARANARAYANAN Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi
S H R I T . K . BHASKAR V E R M A ( Alternate )
S H R I K . SATHYANAEAYANA Kirloskar Brothers Ltd, Kirloskarvadi
SECRETARY Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi
D E P U T Y SECRETARY ( Alternate )
S H E I R . N . T A N D O N Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
S H K I J . P . G U P T A ( Alternate )
S H R I A. S. VERMA Bharat Pumps & Compressors Ltd, New Delhi
W O R K S MANAGER Vak Engineering Pvt Ltd, Madras
S H R I S . CHANDRASEKHARAN, Director General, BIS ( Exofficio Member )
Deputy Director ( Mech Engg )
Secretary
S H R I S . C . K A L R A
Deputy Director ( Mech Engg ), BIS
( Continued on page 2 )
© Copyright 1980
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( X I V of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in
part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of
copyright under the said Act.
IS : 9137 - 1978
Convener Representing
S H R I P . S . N A Z A R E Kirloskar Brothers Ltd, Kirloskarvadi
Members
S H R I K . C . BHOTRA ( Alternate t o
Shri P. S. Nazare )
DR S. BALAKRISHNAN Southern India Engineering Manufacturers Association, Coimbatore
S H R I V. P . VENUGOPAL ( Alternate )
S H R I V . D E V R A J P. S. G. & Sons Charity Industrial Institute, Coimbatore
S H R I P. R. DHAMODARAN Dhandayuthapani Foundry Private Limited, Coimbatore
S H R I R . RANGANATHAN ( Alternate )
S H R I G . T . G U R U S H A H N I Su Motors Pvt Ltd, Bombay
S H R I A. K. WADHAWAN ( Alternate )
S H R I Y . D . M I S H R A Delhi Joint Water and Sewage Board, New Delhi
S H R I B . P . M I T T A L Flowmore Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
S H R I M . P . G U P T A ( Alternate )
S H R I K . M U B A Y I Mather and Piatt Ltd, Bombay
S H R I A. K . DASGUPTA ( Alternate )
S H R I J. S. NEGI Jyoti Limited, Vadodara
S H R I R . K . SRIVASTAVA ( Alternate )
S H R I S . C . P A T E L Calama Industries Pvt Ltd, Bombay
S H R I V . R . P A T H A K K. S. B. Pumps Ltd, Bombay
S H R I K . SANKARANARAYANAN Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi
S H R I C . M . S H A H T a t a Chemicals Limited, Okhamandal
2
IS : 9137 - 1978
CONTENTS
P A G E
1. S C O P E 4
2. SYMBOLS 4
3. D E F I N I T I O N S 6
4. GUARANTEES AND PURPOSE OF TH E T E S T S 8
5. ORGANIZATION OF TEST S 9
6. PROCEDURE FOR MEASUREMENT O F R A T E O F F L O W , H E A D , 13
S P E E D O F R O T A T I O N AND P O W E R I N P U T
7. C A V I T A T I O N T E S T I N G 20
8. T E S T S O N PUMPS FOR L I Q U I D S O T H E R T H A N C L E A N C O L D 22
W A T E R
3
IS : 9137 - 1978
Indian Standard
CODE FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR
CENTRIFUGAL, MIXED FLOW AND
AXIAL PUMPS — CLASS C
0. F O R E W O R D
0.1 This I n d i a n S t a n d a r d was a d o p t e d by the conditions of the final site installation, a n d
I n d i a n S t a n d a r d s Institution on 18 December procedures are described for carrying out
1978, after t h e draft finalized by the Pumps ' standard tests ' on certain types of instal
Sectional Committee h a d been approved by the lations of which an overall performance is
Mechanical Engineering Division Council. required.
0.2 T h i s s t a n d a r d is one of a series of I n d i a n 0.5 T h e conditions in which the pumps are
S t a n d a r d s dealing with the acceptance tests for finally installed, however, often do not permit
centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps. reliable test measurements, a n d r e c o m m e n d a
These standards would correspond to three tions are m a d e concerning the procedure to be
classes of tests A, B and C; the use of Class A adopted where the layout precludes tests in
a n d B is restricted to special cases when there conformity with the standards, or w h e r e the
is a need to have the p u m p performance more tests cover the p u m p and the plant ancillary to
precisely defined. T h e Class A is t h e most t h e p u m p itself.
accurate whereas the Class C is the least accu
rate. It should be borne in m i n d that Class A 0.6 This standard is based on I S O 25481973
a n d B test require mor e accurate apparatus ' Centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps —
a n d m e t h o d s which increases the cost of such Code for acceptance tests — Class C ' issued by
tests. the International Organization for S t a n d a r d i
zation ( I S O )
0.3 T h e standar d arrangement s and procedures
described are those to be employed for testing 0.7 For the purpose of deciding w h e t h e r a
a p u m p individually, without reference to its particular requirement of this standard is
final installation conditions or the effect upon it complied with, the final value, observed or
of any associated fittings, these being the usual calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall
conditions in which a p u m p is tested at the be r o u n d e d off in accordance with IS : 21960*.
manufacturer's works. T h e number of significant places retained in
the rounded off value should be the same as
0.4 P u m p performance may be affected by that of the specified value in this standard.
4
IS : 9137 1978
TABLE 1 SYMBOLS
( Clause 2.1 )
R E F E R E N C E
Q U A N T I T Y S Y M B O L DIMENSIONS† S 1 U N I T S
N U M B E R *
M a s s m M kg
L e n g t h l L m
T i m e t T s
T e m p e r a t u r e θ θ °C
A r e a A L2 m 2
V o l u m e V L 3 m 3
A n g u l a r v e l o c i t y ω T l r a d / s
V e l o c i t y υ L T 1 m / s
A c c e l e r a t i o n of free f a l l g LT2 m / s 2
S p e e d o f r o t a t i o n n T1 s1
D e n s i t y p M L 3 k g / m 3
P r e s s u r e p M L 1 T 2 N / m 2 ¶
Viscosity ( d y n a m i c viscosity ) µ M L 1 T 1 N s / m 2
K i n e m a t i c v i s c o s i t y ν L 2 T 1 m 2 / s
E n e r g y E M L 2 T 2 J
P o w e r ( g e n e r a l t e r m ) P M L 2 T 3 W
R e y n o l d s n u m b e r Re P u r e n u m b e r
D i a m e t e r D L m
3.2.1.1 M a s s r a t e o f f l o w q‡ M T 1 kg/s
3.2.1.2 V o l u m e r a t e o f f l o w Q§ L 3 T 1 m 3 / s
3.2.3.2 D i s t a n c e t o r e f e r e n c e p l a n e z L m
3.2.3.6 I n l e t t o t a l h e a d H1 L m
3 . 2 . 3 . 7 O u t l e t t o t a l h e a d H2 L m
3 . 2 . 3 . 8 P u m p total h e a d H L m
3 . 2 . 3 . 9
3 . 2 . 3 . 1 0
Specific e n e r g y
γ L 2 T 2
L
J / k g
Loss o f h e a d a t i n l e t m
HJ1
3 . 2 . 3 . 1 1 Loss o f h e a d a t i n l e t HJ2 L m
3.2.3.12 N e t p o s i t i v e s u c t i o n h e a d ( N P S H ) | | L m
A t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s u r e ( a b s o l u t e ) Pb M L 1 T 2 N / m 2 ¶
V a p o u r p r e s s u r e ( a b s o l u t e ) Pv M L 1 T 2 N / m 2 ¶
3 . 2 . 1 . 1 P u m p p o w e r o u t p u t Pu M L 2 T 3 W
3 . 2 . 4 . 2 P u m p p o w e r i n p u t P M L 2 T 3 W
3 . 2 . 4 . 3 M o t o r p o w e r i n p u t Pgr
M L 2 T 3
P u r e n u m b e r
w
3 . 2 . 5 . 1 P u m p efficiency η
3 . 2 . 5 . 2 T r a n s m i s s i o n efficiency ηint P u r e n u m b e r
3 . 2 . 5 . 3 M o t o r efficiency ηmot P u r e n u m b e r
3 . 2 . 5 . 4 O v e r a l l efficiency ηgr P u r e n u m b e r
3.2.6 T y p e n u m b e r K P u r e n u m b e r
5.7.6 F r i c t i o n f a c t o r λ P u r e n u m b e r
*Where no number is given, reference may be made to various parts of IS : 18901961.
†M = Mass, L = Length, T = Time, θ =: T e m p e r a t u r e.
‡An optional symbol for mass r a t e of flow is qm.
§An optional symbol for volume rate of flow is qv.
||An optional symbol for net positive suction head is H H .
¶Also called pascal ( symbol Pa ).
5
I S : 9137 1978
S U B S C R I P T M E A N I N G
P = power. T h e quotient of the energy trans
1 Inlet ferred during a time interval by the
2 Outlet duration of this interval.
a Available
b
Re = Reynolds n u m b e r . It is defined by the
Atmospheric
G Guaranteed expression:
g r Unit ( overall )
i n t Intermediate
M Manometric
m o t Motor
P Pump 3.2 D e f i n i t i o n s P e c u l i a r to t h e T e s t C o d e —
r Required This clause gives the definitions of concepts
S E y e used in this test code, together with the asso
s p Specified*
t
ciated symbols, if any h a v e been allocated.
Total
u Useful Concepts, even though in current use, which
V Vapour (pressure ) a r e not strictly necessary to the application of
this code are not here defined.
*This indication applies to the values of quantities 3.2.1 Flow Rates
relating to the guarantee point.
3.2.1.1 q — In this test code, the mass rate
3 . D E F I N I T I O N S of flow designates the external mass rate of flow
3.1 G e n e r a l D e f i n i t i o n s — In order to avoid of the p u m p , t h a t is, the rate of flow dischar
ged into the pipe from the outlet b r a n c h of t h e
a n y error of interpretation it has seemed pre
p u m p .
ferable to reproduce here the definitions of
quantities a n d units as given in various parts *Recommendations for quantities and units.
6
IS : 9137 1978
NOTE — Losses or abstractions inherent to the Its value is:
pump, that is,,
a) discharge necessary for hydraulic balancing a) positive if this pressure is greater t h a n
of axial thrust, the atmospheric pressure:
b) coaling of bearings of the pump itself, b) negative if this pressure is less t h a n the
c) water seal to the packing, atmospheric pressure.
d) leakage from the fittings, internal leakage, 3.2.3.4 Dynamic head — T h e kinetic energy
etc,
per unit weight of the liquid in movement. It
are not to be reckoned in the quantity delivered. is expressed by:
On the contrary, if they are taken at a point before
the flow measuring section, all derived quantities
used for other purposes, such as:
e) cooling of the motor bearings,
f) cooling of a gear box ( bearings, oil cooler ), where υ is the m e a n velocity of the liquid in
etc, the section considered.
should be added to the measured rate of flow. 3.2.3.5 Total head — In any section, t h e
3.2.1.2 Q — T h e outlet volume rate of total head is given by:
flow has the following value:
7
IS : 9137 1978
t h e total head of the liquid at the measuring 3.2.5.2 Transmission efficiency (ηint ) ( shaf
point. ting, coupling, gears, etc ):
3.2.3.12 Net positive suction head (NPSH) —
G a u g e reading in metres taken on the suction
nozzle referred to the p u m p centre line, minus
t h e vapour pressure in metres corresponding 3.2.5.3 Motor efficiency ( ηmot.)
to the t e m p e r a t u r e of the liquid plus the
velocity h e a d at this point.
N P S H as well as inlet total head, is 3.2.5.4 Overall efficiency ( ηgr )
referred to the reference plane.
η g r = η η i n t η m o t
It is necessary to make a distinction bet
ween:
a) the ( N P S H ) required at given flow a n d 3.2.6 Type Number K — T h e type n u m b e r , a
speed of rotation for a given p u m p ; it is dimensionless quantity, is defined by the follo
specified by the manufacturer. This is
wing formula*:
a function of p u m p design and varies
from one design to a n o t h e r . For a
cavitation free performance of a p u m p ,
it is necessary t h a t available N P S H be N O T E — Attention is drawn to the fact that
higher t h a n the required N P S H . T h e in this Standard, the type number is based on the
available N P S H represents the difference total head of a multistage p u m p , and not on the
head per stage, and that it applies to the guaranteed
between t h e existing absolute suction flow rate, which is not in conformity with the
h e a d a n d the vapour pressure at the common practice where K is calculated for the flow
prevailing t e m p e r a t u r e . T h e required rate corresponding to the maximum efficiency.
N P S H represents the m i n i m u m required
m a r g i n between the suction h e a d and
4. GUARANTEES AND PURPOSE OF THE
the v a p o u r pressure at a given capacity. TESTS
4.1 G u a r a n t e e s
b) the ( N P S H ) available for the same flow
which is inferred from the installation. 4.1.1 Subjects of Guarantees — It shall be
T h i s is a function of a system compris agreed in t h e contract which values are
ing of suction head or lift, friction head, guaranteed by the manufacturer a n d under
a n d the vapour pressure of the liquid w h a t conditions.
being h a n d l e d. By the physical altering O n e or m o r e of the following quantities
of the installation, it is possible to are usually guaranteed:
control first two parameters of N P S H .
But the vapour pressure of the liquid a) O u t l e t rate of flow of p u m p ;
a n d this is always not feasible. b) Total head of p u m p ;
c) Power input or efficiency of p u m p or
c) the test ( N P S H ) — See 7.1.1.
combined m o t o r p u m p unit ( for
Subscripts m a y be used to differentiate these example submersible p u m p or monoset
quantities [ for example ( N P S H ) r when t h e p u m p ; or separate p u m p a n d motor
required value is concerned a n d ( N P S H ) a with overall efficiency g u a r a n t e e d ); and
w h e n available value is concerned ]. d ) ( N P S H ) .
3.2.4 Power Whichever of these quantities is guaran
teed, it is necessary to specify the speed of
3.2.4.1 Pump power output ( Pu ) — T h e rotation ( or in some cases the electrical supply
power transferred to the liquid at its passage frequency and voltage for the motorpump unit)
t h r o u g h the p u m p : a n d the chemical a n d physical properties of
Pu = qgH = gγ the liquid to be p u m p e d (if other t h a n clean
cold w a t e r ) .
3.2.4.2 Pump power input ( P ) — T h e
power measured at the p u m p coupling. In this test code the guarantees only refer
to the p u m p including the test arrangements as
3.2.4.3 Motor power input ( Pgr ) — T h e given in 5.7. In particular, the guarantees do
power absorbed by the p u m p driver. not apply to:
3.2.5 Efficiency a) the test of the pipe a n d its fittings, such
as valves, etc;
3.2.5.1 Pump efficiency (η)
*This formula is the same as the basic formula
8
IS : 9137 - 1978
b) the general installation in situ; also is to be guaranteed, it shall be specified
if these parts do not belong to the test in the contract whether ( N P S H ) is to be
arrangements according to 5.7. tested or nor. Attention is d r a w n to the fact
that a test of ( N P S H ) increase the costs of
T h e p u m p manufacturer is responsible t h e tests. ( See also Appendix D. )
neither for the determinatio n of the p u m p
guarantee point, nor for the a r r a n g e m e n t of t h e W h e r e a n u m b e r of identical pumps a r e
p u m p , nor for the installation in situ, t h e sole to be purchased, the n u m b e r of p u m p s to be
exception being when he has u n d e r t a k e n these tested shall be agreed between the purchaser
tasks as part of the order. and manufacturer.
4.1.2 Extent of Guarantees — T h e g u a r a n t e e 4.2.2 Range of Performance Test — T h e per
of t h e flow rate covers the flow rate at the formance test of the p u m p shall be carried
agreed total head a n d speed of rotation, within out to d e t e r m i n e the performance of the
the permissible tolerances above a n d below p u m p with respect of the discharged rate of
as given by 9.4.1. flow, total head, power absorbed, etc.
T h e guarantee of the h e a d covers the p u m p A check of the satisfactory r u n n i ng of t h e
total head (H) at the agreed flow rate a n d speed p u m p m a y be m a d e from the point of view
of rotation, within the permissible tolerances of cavitation, t e m p e r a t u re of glands a n d b e a r
above a n d below as given by 9.4.1. ings, axial thrust, a n d possible air or w a t e r
T h e g u a r a n t ee of the efficiency covers the leakage, provided the hydraulic test is carried
m i n i m u m value of efficiency at the guaranteed out the specified speed of rotation.
point QH within t h e permissible tolerances as N O T E — It is also possible to observe the
amount of noise and vibration.
given by 9.4.2.
If the flow r a t e values a n d the efficiency 4.2.3 Liquid Used in Testing — T h e liquid
stated are not guarantee d but are indicated used in testing shall be clean cold w a t e r in
on the basis of prior tests or are given in accordance with the r e c o m m e n d a t i o ns of 8,
printed curves ( f o r mass produced p u m p s ) unless otherwise specified in the contract.
( see Appendix A ).
For a combined m o t o r p u m p unit ( for 5. O R G A N I Z A T I O N OF T E S T S
example submersible p u m p or monobloc p u m p ; 5.1 P l a c e of T e s t i n g — Acceptance tests
or separate p u m p a n d m o t o r with overall shall be carried out either at the manufactu
efficiency guaranteed ) t h e g u a r a n t e e covers r e r ' s works, or alternatively at a place to be
efficiency of the entire unit. mutually agreed between the m a n u f a c t u r e r
4.1.3 Implementation of Guarantees a n d the purchaser.
4.1.3.1 Flow rate and total head values — T h e 5.2 T i m e of T e s t i n g — T h e time of testing
g u a r a n t e e for flow rate a n d total h e a d is ful shall be mutually agreed by the m a n u f a c t u r e r
filled if, at the agreed speed of rotation, the a n d t h e purchaser.
value of the equation given in 9.4.1 is greater
t h a n or equal to 1. W h e n tests are not carried out in t h e
manufacturer's works, time should be allowed
4.1.3.2 Efficiency — T h e efficiency g u a r a n for preliminary adjustments by both t h e
tee is fulfilled if, at the agreed speed of manufacturer a n d the installer.
rotation, t h e conditions given in 9.4.2 h a v e
been achieved or exceeded. 5.3 T e s t V a l i d i t y — It should be ascertained
4.1.3.3 Net positive suction head ( N P S H ) — t h a t conditions permit tests to be m a d e in
W h e n a test of ( N P S H ) is specified in t h e accordance with the provisions of this code.
contract, t h e guarantees as defined in 4.1.3.1 5.4 S t a f f — Accurate m e a s u r e m e n t s d e p e n d
a n d 4.1.3.2 shall be achieved under those not only on the quality of the measuring
conditions of ( N P S H ) t h a t a r e specified. instruments used but also on the ability a n d
T h i s does not necessarily ensure absence of skill of the persons operating a n d readin g the
cavitation ( see 7 ). measuring devices during the tests. T h e staff
4.1.3.4 Motor speed of rotation — If the entrusted with effecting the measurements
driving motor is being supplied by the p u m p must be selected just as carefully as the instru
manufacturer, the speed of rotation n a m e d ments to be used in the test.
in 4.1.2 a n d 4.1.3 can be replaced by the Specialists with a d e q u a t e experience in m e a
frequency and the voltage. suring operations in general shall be charged
4.2 P u r p o s e o f t h e T e s t s with operating a n d r e a d i n g complicated m e a
suring apparatus. R e a d i n g simple measuring
4.2.1 Contractual Object of the Tests — T h e devices may be entrusted to such helpers who —
tests are i n t e n d e d to ascertain the perfor upon short prior instruction — can be assumed
m a n c e of the p u m p a n d to compare this with to effect the readings with proper care a n d t h e
the manufacturer's guarantee . W h e n ( N P S H ) accuracy required.
9
IS : 9137 - 1978
A chief of tests shall be appointed, possessing and for type numbers greater than 1.5 it is
adequate experience in measuring operations. more meaningful to reproduce site conditions
Normally, when the test is carried out at the than it is to use a standard test arrangement.
manufacturer's works, the chief of tests is a For such nonstandard conditions an agree
staff member of the manufacturing firm. ment shall be reached in the contract (see
Appendix B ).
All persons charged with effecting the mea
surements are subordinated during the tests to 5.7.1.1 Inlet pressure tappings — In general,
the chief of tests, who conducts and supervises the pressure tapping shall be placed in a section
the measurements, reports on test conditions of equal diameter to, and concentric with, the
and the results of the tests and then drafts the inlet branch of the pump. It should under
test report. All questions arising in connection normal conditions be located two diameters
with the measurements and their execution are upstream from the pump inlet flange. More
subject to his decision. over it shall never be placed:
The parties concerned shall provide all a) in a diverging section, or within four
assistance that the chief of tests considers diameters of straight pipe downstream
necessary. from the divergence;
5.5 Test P r o g r a m m e — Only the guaran b) within the plane of a bend, either in the
teed operational data shall form the basis of bend itself or within four diameters of
the test; other data determined by measure straight pipe downstream from the bend.
ment during the tests shall have merely an It may, however, be agreed to site a
indicative (informative) function and it shall pressure tapping in this region at right
be so stated if they are included in the angles to the plane of the bend; and
programme. c) within four diameters of straight pipe
following a sudden contraction, or other
5.6 Testing Apparatus — When the measur discontinuity of crosssectional area.
ing procedure is being decided on, the measur
ing and recording apparatus required shall be When interpretation of readings in non
specified at the same time. standard conditions is being negotiated,
consideration shall be given to:
The chief of tests shall be responsible for
checking the correct installation of these a) whether the value of inlet head itself is
apparatuses and their perfect functioning. important (for example, for NPSH
tests ); and
All of the measuring apparatus shall be b) the ratio of inlet velocity head to the
covered by reports showing by calibration or pump total head.
by comparison that it complies with the
requirements of 5.12. These reports shall be If this ratio is very small ( less than 0.5% )
presented if required. and the value of inlet head itself is not impor
tant, readings from a tapping in the pump inlet
5.7 Test Arrangements flange may be used in the inlet total head
equation given in 3.2.3.6 (for ratio > 0 . 5 % :
5.7.1 Standard Test Arrangements — Ideally, 2 D upstream ).
the flow through the inlet head measuring
section should be such that: 5.7.1.2 Outlet pressure tappings — Under
normal conditions the outlet pressure tapping
a) the velocity is uniform, and axial, across should be located two diameters downstream
the section; and from the pump outlet flange.
b) the static pressure across the section is For the pumps of type number equal to or
uniform. less than 0.5, the outlet pressure tapping may
These are the conditions for the standard be located directly at the pump outlet, provided
test arrangement, but they are impossible to it is at right angles to the plane of the volute
achieve completely, and it is impracticable to or any other bend formed by the pump casing.
check them for the class of test covered by For the pumps of type number greater than
this standard. 0.5, the straight parallel pipe shall be coaxial
with the outlet pipe of the pump and have the
However, significant maldistribution and
same bore. The tapping shall be located in the
swirl can be avoided by keeping bends and
pipe wall in a plane through the pipe axis at
combinations of bends, and divergences and
right angles to the plane of the volute or other
discontinuities of crosssectional area, from the
bend formed by the pump casing.
proximity of the measuring section. In
general, the importance of inlet flow condi 5.7.2 Pumps Tested with Fittings — If speci
tions increases with the pump type number, fied in the contract, standard tests shall be
10
IS : 9137 1978
5.7.4 Borehole and DeepWell Pumps — Bore For a combined m o t o r p u m p unit, the motor
hole a n d deepwell pumps cannot usually be efficiency change between specified a n d test
tested with their complete lengths of delivery speeds, shall be established at the time of
m a i n and, consequently, the loss of h e ad in the agreeing the contract. T h e lower speeds are
portions omitted, a n d the power absorbed by also acceptable. T h e formula for efficiency
a n y shafting therein, cannot be measured. correction shall be as specified in 13.10.4 of
Any thrust bearing would also be more lightly IS : 51201977*
loaded d u r i ng the test t h a n it would be in the 5.8.3 For (NPSH) Tests — ± 2 0 % provi
final installation ( see 6.2.4.4 ). ded that the p u m p flow rate during the test
lies within 50% a n d 120% of the flow rate
5.7.5 SelfPriming Pumps — In principle the
corresponding to m a x i m u m efficiency.
priming ability of selfpriming pumps shall
always be verified at the contractual static NOTE — For tests conforming to the require
suction head with the attached inlet piping ments of 7.1.1.1, the abovementioned variation may
equivalent to t h a t in the final installation. always be allowed; for tests conforming to the
requirements of 7.1.1.2, it may be allowed for
W h e n the test cannot be carried out in t h e pumps with type numbers less than or equal to 2.
described m a n n e r , the test arrangemen t to be For pumps with type numbers greater than 2,
used shall be specified in the contract. agreement shall be reached between the parties
concerned.
5.7.6 Friction Losses at Inlet and Outlet — T h e
guarantees u n d e r 4.1 refer to the p u m p inlet 5.9 Contro l of H e a d — T h e test conditions
a n d outlet flanges, a n d the pressure measuring may be obtained, a m o n g other methods, by
points are in general at a distance from these throttling in either or both the inlet a n d outlet
flanges ( 5.7.1 to 5.7.5 ). It may be necessary pipes. W h e n throttling in the inlet pipe is
to a d d to the measured p u m p total hea d the used, due consideration shall be given to the
h e a d losses due to friction ( H J1 a n d H J2 ) possibility of cavitation or of air coming out of
between the measuring points and the p u m p t h e water, which might affect the operation of
flanges. the p u m p (see 7 . 1 . 2 ) , the flow measuring
device ( see 6.1.3 — 4th p a r a g r a p h ) or both.
Such a correction should be applied only if
HJ1 + HJ2 ≥ 0.000 5 H 5.10 E x e c u t i o n of T e s t s — T h e duration of
the test shall be sufficient to obtain consistent
If the pipe between the measuring points
results, having regard to the degree of accuracy
a n d the flanges is unobstructed, straight, a n d
to be achieved.
of constant circular cross section,
W h e r e multiple readings are taken to reduce
the error m a r g i n (see 5 . 1 1 ) , they shall be
taken at equal intervals of time.
T h e value of A should be derived from
11
IS : 9137 - 1978
W h e r e , for special reasons, it is necessary to nificantly affect the accuracy of the readings,
d e t e r m i n e performance over a r a n g e of opera the tests shall be repeated using a symmetrical
ting conditions, a sufficient n u m b e r of d a m p i n g device, for example a symmetrical
observations shall be taken to establish the orifice or capillary tube.
performance within the limits of error stated
TABLE 4 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE AMPLITUDE
in 5.11.
OF OSCILLATIONS AS A PERCENTAGE OF
All measurements shall be m a d e under MEAN VALUE OF QUANTITY
steady conditions of operation as defined in BEING MEASURED
5.11. If steady conditions are not achievable,
M A X I M U M P E R M I S S I B L E
a g r e e m e n t shall be m a d e between the parties M E A S U R E D Q U A N T I T Y
AMPLITUDE OF OSCILLATIONS
c o n c e r n e d on the m a t t e r .
If the driving power available durin g a test Rate of flow
on a testing stand is insufficient, a n d if the test Head
± 6
has to be carried out at greatly reduced speed Torque
Power
of rotation, t h e guaranteed characteristics can
be adjusted to such reduced speed of rotation in
a c c o r d a n c e with 5.8.1, 5.8.2, 5.8.3, 9.2.1 or Speed of rotation ± 2
9.2.2, respectively.
To verify the guarantee point, three N O T E 1 — Where a 6% change in flow would
measurements shall be recorded, one as close as result in a calculated 12% change in head, the
maximum permissible amplitude of the observed
possible to the guarante e point, a n d one closely differential head shall be ± 12%.
on each side of it.
N O T E 2 — In the case of inlet total pressure
T h e test records shall be kept with two head and outlet total pressure head measurement,
the permissible percentage oscillation shall be
copies ( one for t h e purchaser a n d one for the calculated on the p u m p total head.
m a n u f a c t u r e r ) ; all test records a n d recording
strips shall be initialled by the chief of tests 5.11.3 Number of Sets of Observations
a n d the representatives of b o t h parties.
5.11.3.1 Steady conditions — In steady a n d
T h e evaluation of the test results shall be well controlled test conditions, only one set
m a d e as far as possible while t h e tests are in of readings of individual quantities shall be
progress a n d, in any case, before t h e installation recorded for the specified test condition. T h i s
a n d instrumentation are dismantled in order set shall be recorded only after the observers
t h a t suspect measurements can be r e p e a t ed have been satisfied that the oscillations a n d
without delay ( see also Appendix D ). variations of the readings h a v e settled down
within the limits specified in Tables 4 a n d 5.
5.11 T e s t C o n d i t i o n s — See also Appendices
E a n d F . 5.11.3.2 Unsteady conditions — In such cases
where the unsteadiness of test conditions gives
5.11.1 Definitions — For the purpose of this rise to doubts concerning the accuracy of the
s t a n d a r d the following definitions shall apply: tests, the following procedure shall be followed:
Oscillations — Short oscillation cycles about R e p e a t e d sets of observations of the measu
a m e a n value occurring during t h e t i m e t h a t red quantities shall be m a d e at the g u a r a n t e e
a single observation is being m a d e . point, only speed a n d temperatur e being
allowed to be controlled. Throttle valve water
Variations — T h o s e changes in value which level, gland, balance water, settings, etc, shall
take place between one reading a n d the next. be left completely unaltered. T h e differences
between these repeated readings of the same
5.11.2 Permissible Oscillations in Readings and
quantities will be a measure of the unsteadiness
Use of Damping — W h e r e the construction or
of the test conditions, which are atleast partly
operation of a p u m p is such t h a t oscillations of
influenced by the p u m p under test as well as
great amplitude are present, measurements
the installation.
m a y be carried out by means of an instrument
c a p a b l e of providing an integration over at A m i n i m u m of three sets of observations
least one complete cycle of oscillation. T h e shall be taken at the guarantee point, a n d the
calibration of such an instrument shall comply value of each separate m e a s u r e m e n t a n d of the
with the provisions of the a p p r o p r i a t e clauses. efficiency derived from the measurements in
each set shall be recorded. T h e percentage diffe
Restricted d a m p i n g may be introduced in rence betweent the largest a n d smallest values
measuring instruments a n d their connecting of each quantity shall not be greater t h a n that
lines where necessary to reduce the amplitude given in T a b l e 5. It will be noted that a wider
of oscillations to within the values given in tolerance is permitted if the n u m b e r of r e a d
T a b l e 4. ings is increased up to the m a x i m u m require
W h e r e it is possible that d a m p i n g will sig ment of nine readings.
12
IS : 9137 - 1978
These tolerances are designed to ensure that or comparison has been demonstrated to be
the errors due to scatter, taken together with capable of measuring with systematic errors
the systematic error limits given in T a b l e 6, not exceeding the limits in T a b l e 6 may be
will result in overall measurement errors not used. T h e devices or methods shall be agreed
greater shan those given in T a b l e 7. upon by both parties concerned.
TABLE 5 LIMITS OF VARIATION BETWEEN TABLE 6 PERMISSIBLE SYSTEMATIC ERRORS
REPEATED MEASUREMENTS OF THE SAME OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
QUANTITY (BASED ON 95% CONFIDENCE (Clause 5.11.3.2 )
LIMITS )
(Clauses 5.11.3.1 and 5.11.3.2) MEASURED QUANTITY
PERMISSIBLE LIMIT,
N U M B E R O F S E T S M A X I M U M P E R M I S S I B L E %
OF OBSERVATIONS D I F F E R E N C E B E T W E E N L A R
GEST AND SMALLEST R E A D
Rate of flow
INGS OF EACH Q U A N T I T Y
Pump total head ± 2.5
Pump power input
%
Electrical power input
Rate of flow Speed of
( for overall efflciency tests ) ± 2.0
Head Rotation
Torque Motor efficiency
Power
Efficiency Speed of rotation ± 1.4
3 1.8 1.0
5 3.5 2.0 If the recommendation s concerning the
7 4 . 5 2.7 systematic errors of instruments as given in
9 5.8 3.3 T a b l e 6, a n d those concerning the actual test
procedure, are followed, it should be assumed
T h e arithmetic m e a n of all the readings for that the overall limits of error will not exceed
each quantity shall be taken as the actual value those given below.
for the purposes of the test.
TABLE 7 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LIMITS
If the values given in T a b l e 5 cannot be OF OVERALL ERRORS
reached, the cause shall be ascertained, the ( Clause 5.11.3.2 )
conditions rectified a n d a new complete set of
observations m a d e , i.e. all the readings in the Q U A N T I T Y P E R M I S S I B L E L I M I T ,
original set shall be rejected. No reading or %
selection of readings in the set of observations Rate of flow
may be rejected because it lies outside the Pump total head
limits. Pump power input ± 3.5
Electrical power input
In the case where the excessive variation is ( for overall efficiency tests )
not due to procedure or instrumentation e r r o r s ,
a n d cannot therefore be eliminated, the limits Speed of rotation ± 2.0
of error may be calculated by statistical Overall efficiency ( c o m p u t e d
analysis. from the rate of flow, total ± 4.5
head and electrical power )
5.12 A c c u r a c y of M e a s u r e m e n t — T h e
limits of measurement errors laid down in this Pump efficiency ± 5.0
standard are those which refer to measure
ments taken a n d to quantities calculated
therefrom; they apply to the m a x i m u m per 6. PROCEDURE FOR M E A S U R E M E N T
missible discrepancies between measured and O F R A T E O F FLOW, H E A D , S P E E D O F
actual performances ( see 9.4 ). ROTATION AND POWER INPUT
For the purpose of this standard, an " e r r o r " 6.0 T h e following methods, a m o n g others,,
is defined as a value equal to twice the estima may be used.
ted standard deviation. It is assumed that
there is a 9 5 % probability that the estimated 6.1 M e a s u r e m e n t o f F l o w R a t e
value of the true error will not exceed twice 6.1.1 Weighing Tank Method — This method
the estimated s t a n d a r d deviation. is capable only of measuring the m e a n value
This test code specifies the standard methods of the flow rate during the period concerned.
of measurement and instruments to be used for
the determination of r a t e of flow, inlet total It is subject to the errors of the weighing,
h e a d , outlet total head, p u m p total head, speed of the timemeasuring apparatus employed, of
of rotation a n d p u m p power input. the time taken for the diversion of the flow
into a n d from the weighing tank and those
Any device or method which by calibration involved in the determination of density.
13
IS : 9137 - 1978
N O T E — In the case where two tanks are used usually be detected by operating the air vents
alternately during the measuring period, the flow on the measuring device.
being diverted from one to the other, only the times
of initial diversion into and final diversion from the M a n o m e t e r s used for differential pressure
measuring system shall be taken into account, not m e a s u r e m e n t shall be of the liquid column
the times of the intermediate diversions from tank type a n d shall meet the requirements of 6.2.6.
to tank.
6.1.2 Volumetric Tank Method — This 6.1.4 Notches, Weirs and Flumes — R e c o m m e n
method, as in the case of the weighing m e t h o d, dations for the construction a n d installation of
is only capable of measuring the m e a n value notches, weirs a n d flumes are given in
of the flow rate during the period concerned. IS : 11931959*, to which reference should be
m a d e .
In every case a leakage test of the tank shall
be carried out a n d correction m a d e for leakage For the purposes of this s t a n d a r d the
if necessary; where possible, initial calibration smallest scale division of any instrument used
shall be carried out by weighing a liquid of for observing head shall be not greater t h a n
known density into the measuring tank. Out that corresponding to 1.5% of the flow.
door taks shall be adequately sheltered so t h a t
t h e level a n d t h e levelmeasuring devices are 6.2 M e a s u r e m e n t o f H e a d
not disturbed by wind or rain. 6.2.1 Pressure Tappings and Instrument Connect
In the case of big outdoor tanks the method ing Lines — Static pressure tappings shall
is in general subject to errors in measuremen t comply with the requirements shown in Fig. 1
of levels which are not stationary a n d which a n d be free from burrs and irregularities a n d
m a y be nonuniform. In such a case t h e levels flush with, and n o r m a l to, the inner wall of the
shall be simultaneously measured within stilling pipe.
tubes, at not fewer t h a n four widely separated T h e diameter of the pressure tappings shall
positions within the tank. be between 2 and 6 mm or equal to 1/10 of the
W a t e r levels m a y be measured with hook pipe diameter, whichever is less. T h e length
gauges, float gauges, piezometer or other of a pressure tapping hole shall be not less
instruments capable of maintaining the required t h a n twice its d i a m e t e r .
accuracy. T h e bore of the pipe containing the tapp
ings shall be clean, smooth a n d resistant to
6.1.3 Orifice Plates, Vanturi Tubes and Nozzles—
chemical reaction with the liquid being
T h e measurement of flow rate m a y be carried
p u m p e d . Any coating such as paint applied
out using devices designed and installed in
to the bore shall be intact. If the pipe is
accordance with IS : 2952 ( Part I )1964* for
welded longitudinally, the tapping hole shall
orifice plates a n d nozzles and I S : 4477 ( P a r t i )
be displaced as far as possible from the weld.
1967† for venturi tubes. M i n i m u m straight
lengths required u p s t r e a m from the pressure Pipes connecting pressure tappings to
difference device, especially, are given in possible d a m p i n g devices ( see 5.11.2 ) a n d to
IS : 2952 ( Part I )1964* in the case of orifice nstruments shall be atleast equal in bore to
plates a n d nozzles, and in IS : 4477 ( P a r t I ) the bore of the pressure tappings. T h e system
1967† in the case of venturi tubes. shall be free from leaks.
F o r the purpose of this s t a n d a r d the p u m p It is r e c o m m e n d e d that transparen t tubing
will be considered to cause a flow disturbance be used so as to allow determination of the
equivalent to a single 90° b e n d lying in the a m o u n t of water or air in the tubing.
same plane as the p u m p volute or the last
stage of a multistage p u m p or the outlet bend 6.2.2 Inlet Total Head
of the p u m p .
6.2.2.1 Installation in accordance with
T h e characteristics of these devices are 5.7.1.1 — These installations and the corres
calculated using above I n d i a n Standards a n d p o n d i n g formulae are given in Fig. 2 a n d 3.
t h e calibration is not required.
C a r e shall be taken to ensure that neither 6.2.2.2 Installation in accordance with 5.7.2
cavitation nor air is present in the flowmeasur — W h e r e a p u m p is tested in combination
ing devices. Special care shall be taken to with fittings forming part of the site or test
ensure that t h e indications of the device are installation, the provisions of 6.2.2.1 shall be
not affected by air coming out of solution at applied to the inlet flange of the fittings a n d
the control valve. T h e presence of air can not to the inlet flange of the p u m p .
This procedure debits against the p u m p all
head losses caused by fittings on the inlet side.
*Recommendations for methods of fluid flow by
means of orifice plate and nozzles: Part I Incompressi
ble fluids.
†Method of measurement of fluid flow by means of *Methods of measurement of flow of water in open
venturimeters: Part I Liquids. channels using notches, weirs and flumes.
14
IS : 9137 1978
l ≥ 2d where d = 2 to 6 mm or 1/10 pipe diameter whichever value is the less.
F I G . 1 R E Q U I R E M E N T S F O R S T A T I C H E A D T A P P I N G S
15
IS : 9137 - 1978
a) Arrangement for determining reference plane of Bourdon type gauge
The drawings show the principle but no full technical details .
16
IS : 9137 1978
6.2.2.3 Installations in accordance with 5.7.3 friction losses, such as mentioned in 5.7.6
and 5.7.4 — T h e inlet total head is equal to and 6.2.4.1, shall be taken into account.
t h e positional h e a d with respect to the refe
6.2.4.3 Submersible pumps — If the outlet
rence plane of the still surface of the liquid in
flange of this type of p u m p is, for practical
which the p u m p is tested or from which it
purposes, defined as placed at a certain
draws, plus the pressure head equivalent to
distance from the p u m p proper, and is thus
the gauge pressure on that surface.
preceded by an outlet pipe length and a b e n d
T h i s assumption debits against the p u m p or bends being always parts of the installation,
all head losses caused by fittings on the inlet the measurement of outlet hea d shall be m a d e
side. in accordance with 5.7.2.
6.2.3 Outlet Total Head 6.2.4.4 Deepwell pumps — In this case,
friction losses between the pressure measuring
6.2.3.1 Installations in accordance with points and the inlet or outlet flanges, respecti
5.7.1.2 — These installations a n d the corres vely, that m a y have to be taken into account,
ponding formulae are given in Fig. 2 a n d 3. shall be determined in accordance with the
method given in 5.7.6 a n d Appendix C.
6.2.3.2 Installations in accordance with 5.7.2 Friction losses on suction a r e primarily caused
— W h e r e a p u m p is tested in combination by resistance to flow within the inlet strainer,
with fittings forming part of the site or test the foot valve, a n d the inlet pipe. All of these
installation, the provisions of 6.2.3.1 shall be head losses shall as far as possible be indicated
applied to the outlet flange of the fittings a n d at the time the contract is m a d e by the p u m p
not to the outlet flange of the p u m p . manufacturer if he supplies such accessories,
This procedure debits against the p u m p all or by the purchaser if they are fitted by the
latter. Should it prove impossible to submit
h e a d losses caused by fittings on the outlet
such d a t a the purchaser a n d the manufacturer,
side.
prior to the acceptance test, shall arrive at an
6.2.3.3 Installations in accordance with 5.7.3 agreement concerning the flow resistance d a t a
and 5.7.4 — These installations a n d the corres to be applied.
p o n d i n g formulae are given in Fig. 4.
Friction losses at outlet result from resis
However, if the p u m p discharges into a s u m p tance to flow within the columnpipe a n d the
with a free surface, the outlet total head is outlet bend.
equal to the positional head of t h e still surface Since deepwell pumps in general are not
of the liquid into which the p u m p delivers, tested with the entire stand pipe attached,
plus the gauge pressure h e a d . unless the acceptance test is performed at site,
the pipe friction losses in regard to the p u m p
This assumption debits against t h e p u m p
total hea d shall be estimated and stated by the
all head losses caused by fittings on the outlet
manufacturer to his purchaser.
side.
Should it be considered necessary to verify
6.2.4 Total Inlet and Outlet Heads — Special the d a t a indicated by an acceptance test at
Cases — It will prove necessary to permit site, such a test shall be specified in the supply
exceptions from t h e abovementioned s t a n d a r d contract.
arrangements in the following cases. For tests on installations conforming to the
requirements of 5.7.2, 5.7.3 and 5.7.4, the
6.2.4.1 Pumps conforming to the final site
guarantees also apply to fittings.
installation — During t h e acceptance test, t h e
p u m p shall be fitted with t h e pipe arrange
6.2.5 Pump Total Head — T h e p u m p total
ments corresponding to the final arrangement h e a d is calculated in accordance with the
at site. In this case the friction losses between definition given in 3.2.3.8. However, in certain
t h e test point for measuring the inlet pressure cases the p u m p total head may be measured
a n d the inlet flange, as well as between the using one differential pressure device.
outlet flange a n d t h e test point for measuring
the outlet presure, shall be determined in This type of installation and the correspond
accordance with the m e t h o d mentioned in 5.7.6 ing formulae are given in Fig. 5.
a n d a d d e d to the sum of the differences of W h e n this is deemed preferable, the p u m p
positional h e a d , of pressure h e a d and of total head may be replaced by an expression
velocity h e a d . giving the increase in specific energy of the
6.2.4.2 Pumps with inaccessible ends — If fluid conveyed by the p u m p (γ = gH, see
t h e inlet or outlet or b o t h sides of t h e p u m p 3.2.3.9 ).
a r e inaccessible, the procedure prescribed T h e " specific energy " increase is obtained
above shall be followed in measuring the by multiplying both sides of the p u m p total
p u m p ' s h e a d . U n d e r certain circumstances, h e a d equation given above by g.
17
IS : 9137 - 1978
The drawings show the principle but no full technical details.
6.2.6 Instruments for Pressure Measurement T h e design of the manometers shall be such
that parallax errors are minimized.
6.2.6.1 Liquid column manometers — No
W a t e r column manometers may be either
calibration is required.
open ended ( for low pressure measurement
The m i n i m u m distance between two scale only ) or closed with the air in the column
graduations shall be 1 m m . connecting both limbs compressed to the
a m o u n t required to permit the differential
If possible, the use of differential liquid h e a d to be read on the scale.
columns less t h a n 50 mm high shall be avoided.
If this is impossible, attention shall be specially T h e use of the liquid column m a n o m e t e r is
d r a w n to errors of measurement. shovvn diagrammatically in Figures 2 a n d 5,
to which reference should be m a d e .
T h e length of the liquid column may be
modified by using one manometric liquid in
place of another. Connections between the pipes where
pressure is measured a n d the m a n o m e t e r shall
For reading below 100 mm of liquid, the be m a d e as shown diagrammatically in
bore of m a n o m e t e r tubes shall be 6 mm at Fig. 2.
least for mercury a n d 10 mm for water a n d
other liquids. It is essential that there is no break in
continuity ( for example, by air pockets
T h e cleanliness of the liquid in the m a n o t h r o u g h failure to vent properly ) of the water
meter shall be maintained to avoid errors due between the pipe and the reading surface in
to variation of surface tension. the manometer .
18
IS : 9137 1978
6.4 M e a s u r e m e n t o f P u m p P o w e r I n p u t —
T h e p u m p power input shall be derived from
measurement of the speed of rotation a n d
torque, or d e t e r m i n e d from measurem.ents of
the electrical power input to an electric motor
of known efficiency, directly coupled to the
p u m p .
F I G . 5 D I R E C T MEASUREMENT OF PUMP T h e type and grad e of accuracy of the
T O T A L H E A D indicating instruments for measuring electrical
power shall be in accordance with IS : 1248
1968†.
6.2.6.2 Bourdon dial gauges — W h e n this
type of gauge is used for inlet and outlet pressure Where the power input to an electric motor
measurements, to ascertain p u m p total head, coupled to an intermediate gear, or the speed
it is r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t the difference between of rotation and torque measured by a d y n a m o
two consecutive scale graduations be within 1.5 meter between gear and motor, are used as a
a n d 3 mm for both measurements, and that m e a n s for d e t e r m i n i n g the g u a r a n t e e d p u m p
this difference corresponds to not more t h a n power input, it shall be statedi n the contract
5% of the p u m p total head. in what way the losses of the gear shall be
determined.
6.3 M e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e Speed o f R o t a
t i o n — T h e speed of rotation shall be measu
r e d by counting revolutions for a measured
interval of time, by a directindicating techo *Methods of determination of efficiency of rotating
electrical machines.
m e t e r or, in the case of a p u m p driven by an †Specification for direct acting electrical indicating
ac motor, from observations of the mean instruments (first revision).
IS : 9137 - 1978
6.4.3 Pumps with Inaccessible Ends — In the be assumed to be free of he effects of cavita
case of combined m o t o r p u m p units ( for tion if another test at a higher ( N P S H ) gives
example submersible p u m p or monobloc p u m p ; the same total head at the same rate of flow.
or separate p u m p a n d motor with overall
7.1.1.2 A safety m a r g i n to be agreed in
efficiency g u a r a n t e e d ) , the power of t h e
the contract shall be a d d e d to the ( N P S H )
machine unit shall be measured at the motor
which causes a drop of ( 3 + x ) % in total
terminals if accessible. W h e n a submersible
head or efficiency at a given rate of flow, or in
p u m p is involved, the m e a s u r e m e n t shall be
r a t e of flow or efficiency at a given total h e a d .
effected at the incoming end of the cables;
F r o m this test the behaviour of the p u m p at
cable losses shall be taken into account a n d
various departures from the specified ( N P S H )
specified in the contract. T h e efficiency given
m a y be j u d g e d .
shall be t h a t of the combined unit proper,
excluding the cable a n d the starter losses. T h e value of x will be:
6.4.4 DeepWell Pumps — In this case the
power absorbed by the thrust bearing a n d the
vertical shafting a n d bearings shall be taken
into account. T h e resulting ( N P S H ) shall be equal to
or less t h a n the required ( N P S H ).
Since deepwell p u m p s in general are not
tested with the entire stand pipe a t t a c h e d, W h e n negotiating the safety margin,
unless t h e acceptance test is performed at site, account shall be taken of the type of pumps, of
the thrust a n d vertical shaft bearing losses in the n u m b e r of stages, of the physical properties
regard to power a n d efficiency shall be of the liquid to be pumped and of materials
estimated a n d stated by the manufacturer to of construction a n d the operating conditions
his purchaser. to be expected.
20
I S : 9137 - 1978
P u m p under test may be put in syphon if ( NPSH ) < W is needed.
N O T E — Cooling by means of a coil may be replaced by an injection of cool water above the liquid free surface
a n d an extraction of heated water.
The drawing shows the principle but no full technical details.
The drawing shows the principle but no full techni The drawing shows the principle but nofull techni
cal details. cal details.
21
IS : 9137 - 1978
Cavitation in the flow through a throttle The vapour pressure of the tes.t liquid en
valve can sometimes be prevented by using two tering the pump shall be determined with suffi
or more throttle devices connected in series or cient accuracy to comply with 7.3. When the
by arranging for the throttle valve to discharge vapour pressure is derived from standard data
directly into a closed vessel or a large diameter and the measurement of the temperature of
pipe interposed between the throttle and the the liquid entering the pump, the necessary
pump inlet. Baffles and a means for extracting accuracy of temperature measurement may
air from such a vessel may be needed, espe have to be demonstrated.
cially when the ( NPSH ) is low.
The active element of a temperature
When the throttle valve is to be partially measuring probe shall be not less than 1/8 of
closed and it is situated at a distance less than the inlet pipe diameter from the well of the inlet
12 inlet diameters from the pump inlet flange, pipe. If the immersion of the temperature
it is necessary to make sure that the pipe is measuring element in the inlet flow is less than
full of liquid at the position of the inlet that required by the instrument manufacturer,
pressure tappings. then a calibration at that immersion depth,
may be required.
7.2 Determination of ( NPSH) Required by
the Pump — Tests described in 7.1.1.2 can Care shall be taken to ensure the tempera
be conducted by any of the methods indicated ture measuring probes inserted into the pump
in Fig. 6 to 8. However, test as per Fig. 8 is inlet pipe do not influence the measurements
more practicable and is recommended for of inlet pressure.
normal commercial testing of industrial 8. TESTS ON PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS
pumps. By this method the measured value of OTHER THAN CLEAN COLD WATER
NPSH required by the pump is generally
higher than what would be expected under The performance of a pump may vary subs
simulated conditions ( see also Fig. 9 ). tantially with the nature of the liquid being
pumped. Although it is not possible to give
7.3 Limits of Error in Determination of general rules whereby performance with clean
Specified (NPSH) — The maximum limits of cold water can be used to predict performance
error concerning specified ( NPSH ) measure with another liquid, it is often desirable for
ments shall be: the parties to agree on empirical rules to suit
a) 5.3% of the measured ( NPSH ), or the particular circumstances and test the pump
b) 0.2 m, with clean cold water.
whichever is the greater, provided that the 8.1 Characteristics of 'Clean Cold Water'—
measurements are made with a liquid column The characteristics of the water corresponding
manometer. to what is called in this standard ' clean cold
water ' shall be within the limits indicated in
The case of tests with liquids at high tem Table 8.
perature or near their critical points should be The total dissolved and free gas content
studied with special care in the contract. of the water shall not exceed the saturation
7.4 Measurement of Pump Head, Outlet volume corresponding,
Flow Rate, Speed of Rotation, Power Input a) for an open circuit, to the pressure and
( i f necessary ) and Vapour Pressure — temperature in the pump sump; and
The requirements of 6 regarding the b) for a closed loop, to those existing in the
measurement of head, outlet rate of flow, tank.
speed of rotation and power input shall also
apply during cavitation tests. If the test con TABLE 8 SPECIFICATION OF ' CLEAN
ditions are so unsteady as to require repeated COLD WATER'
readings, variations of specified ( NPSH ) arc
permitted up to a maximum of: C H A R A C T E R I S T I C U N I T Max
a) 1.5 times the values given for head in
Table 5, or Temperature °C 40
22
Type of Open Sump Closed Sump
Installation Open Sump Open Sump Open Sump Closed Loop Closed Loop
or Loop
Head Characteristic
Curve
( N P S H ) Characte
ristic Curve
8i6I-i£I6'SI
F I G . 9 M E T H O D S OF D E T E R M I N I N G R E Q U I R E D (NPSH) FOR ∆H/H = ( N3 + x )%
IS : 9137 - 1978
8-2 Characteristics of Liquids for which If the deviations in speed of rotation from
C l e a n , Cold W a t e r T e s t s a r e A c c e p t a b l e — the specified speed of rotation n s p do not e x
Pumps for liquids other t h a n clean cold water ceed the permissible variations stated in 5.8, t h e
m a y be tested for h e a d , flow rate a n d efficiency measured d a t a on the discharged flow r a t e Q,
with clean cold water if the liquid is within the total h e a d H, the power input P, t h e net
the specification in T a b l e 9. positive suction h e a d N P S H a n d t h e
efficiency Η, can be translated as follows :
C H A R A C T E R I S T I CS
O F L I Q U I D S
U N I T Min Max
24
IS : 9137 1978
25
IS : 9137 - 1978
APPENDIX A
(Clause 4.1.2)
A-1. W h e n , for massproduced pumps, the divergent from the values of the published
manufacturer makes reference in his catalogue curve by more t h a n :
to this test code, the curves published in his ± 6 % for total h e a d
catalogue shall be such t h a t any p u m p corres
ponding to the curves gives for any chosen ± 8 % for r a t e of flow
operation point, after Class C tests, results not ± 8 % for power input
APPENDIX B
(Clause 5.1.4)
B-1. Errors in the m e a s u r e m e nt of p u m p inlet preswirl induced by the p u m p is known to be
head can occur at part capacity due to p r e absent ( f o r example the s u m p ) . This
swirl. T h i s can be detected a n d corrected on differential head should follow a quadratic law
the following basis. with flow; any departure from this law will
show t h e a m o u n t by w h i c h an inlet h e a d
B-2. T h e differential head is measured between measurement must be corrected for the effect
the specified inlet measuring section a n d of preswirl induced by the p u m p ( see Fig. 11
a n o t h e r position further upstream where the and 1 2 ) .
26
IS : 9137 - 1978
APPENDIX C
( Clauses 5.7.6 and 6.2.4.4 )
FRICTION LOSSES
C-1. The formula given in 5.7.6 for calculating diameter of the smaller pipe should be used.
head loss due to friction involves a lengthy Then if "no correction" is indicated, the
calculation, which would lead only in many calculation need not be made.
cases to the conclusion that a correction need
not to be applied. C-3.1 If " correction " is indicated. Fig. 14,
which applies only to steel or wroughtiron
C-2. Figure 13 may be used as a preliminary pipes handling cold water, may be used to
check as to whether a calculation need be determine the value of A.
made. It applies to straight steel or wrought
iron pipes of constant circular cross section, C-4. In cases where pipes are of other material,
handling cold water. Outlet and inlet pipes or the liquid is not cold water, the graph by
Moody, given in Fig. 15, may be used, or the
are assumed of equal diameter, and measuring formula for A given in 5.7.6 may, if preferred,
points 2 diameters upstream and downstream be solved. For the pipe roughness k one may
of the inlet and outlet flanges respectively take the values given in Table 10 according
( 5.7.1 ). to the "Mechanical Engineers Handbook,
C-3. If the pipes are of different diameters, the Edition 1958".
27
I S : 9137 - 1978
28
IS : 9137 - 1978
F I G . 14 F R I C T I O N FACTOR C H A R T
29
IS : 9137 1978
COMMERCIAL P I P E ( N E W ) ABSOLUTE R O U G H N E S S k
M A T E R I A L O F T H E S U R F A C E , m m
A P P E N D I X D
(Clauses 4.2.1 and 5.10)
COSTS AND REPETITION OF TESTS
D0. Matters of a purely commercial nature D2, REPETITION OF TESTS
such as the cost of The tests are not included in
the scope of this standard and should be made D2.1 In case of doubt as to the correctness or
the subject of special agreements between the adequate accuracy of the measurement data
parties concerned. obtained, both the manufacturer and purchaser
D1. COSTS OF ACCEPTANCE TESTS are entitled to demand that the test be
AND SPECIAL TESTS repeated. Should the new measurement fail
D1.1 It is recommended that the costs of to justify the doubts expressed, the party
acceptance tests and special tests be clearly demanding the renewed test must assume the
stated in the contract. cost of repetition.
30
IS : 9137 - 1976
APPENDIX E
( Clause 5.11)
CONVERSION TO SI UNITS
E-1. This Appendix gives factors for conversion to SI units of some of the quantities expressed in
multiples or submultiples of SI units and in units other than SI units. The conversion factor is the
number by which the value expressed in various units should be multiplied to find the corresponding
value in SI units.
CONVERSION FACTORS
VARIOUS U N I T S
SYMBOL OF SI
QUANTITY CONVERSION FACTORS
UNIT
Name Symbol
V o l u m e r a t e o f m 3 / s l i t r e p e r s e c o n d 1/s 1 0 3
flow c u b i c m e t r e p e r h o u r m 3 / h 1/3 600
l i t r e p e r h o u r 1/h 1.3 600 000
l i t r e p e r m i n u t e 1/min 1/60 000
i m p e r i a l g a l l o n p e r m i n u t e g a l ( U K ) / m i n 0.000 075 77
c u b i c foot p e r s e c o n d f t 3 / s 0.028 316 8
g a l l o n ( U S ) p e r m i n u t e g a l ( U S ) / m i n 0.000 063 09
b a r r e l ( US ) p e r h o u r ( p e t r o l e u m ) b a r r e l ( US ) / h 0 . 0 0 0 0 4 4 16
M a s s r a t e o f f l o w k g / s t o n p e r s e c o n d t/s 10 3
t o n p e r h o u r t / h 1/3.6
k i l o g r a m p e r h o u r k g / h 1/3 600
p o u n d p e r s e c o n d 1 b / s 0 . 4 5 3 592 37
P r e s s u r e N / m 2 k i l o p o n d p e r s q u a r e c e n t i m e t r e k p / c m 2
9 8 0 6 6 . 5
( a l s o k n o w n k i l o g r a m f o r c e p e r s q u a r e c e n t i m e t r e k g f / c m 2
as p a s c a l : Pa ) b a r b a r 10 5
h e c t o p i e z e h p z
t o r r t o r r 133.322
c o n v e n t i o n a l m i l l i m e t r e o f m e r c u r y m m H g
c o n v e n t i o n a l m i l l i m e t r e o f w a t e r m m H 2 O 9.806 65
p o u n d a l p e r s q u a r e foot p d l / f t 2 1.488 16
s t a n d a r d a t m o s p h e r e a t m 101 325
p o u n d f o r c e p e r s q u a r e i n c h l b f / i n 2 ( psi ) 6 8 9 4 . 7 6
D e n s i t y k g / m 3 k i l o g r a m p e r c u b i c d e c i m e t r e k g / d m 3 10 3
g r a m p e r c u b i c c e n t i m e t r e g / c m 3
p o u n d p e r c u b i c foot l b / f t 3 16.018 5
P o w e r W k i l o w a t t k W 10 3
k i l o p o n d m e t r e p e r s e c o n d k p . m / s 9.806 65
I . T . k i l o c a l o r i e p e r h o u r k c a l I T / h 1.163
c h e v a l v a p o u r * ch 735.5
h o r s e p o w e r * h p 745.7
B r i t i s h t h e r m a l u n i t p e r h o u r B t u / h 0 . 2 9 3 071
k i l o g r a m f o r c e m e t r e p e r s e c o n d k g f . m / s 9 . 8 0 6 65
Viscosity N . s / m 2 = k g / m . s d e c a p o i s e daP 1
( d y n a m i c vis poise P
cosity ) d y n e s e c o n d p e r s q u a r e c e n t i m e t r e dyn.s/cm 2
1 0 1
g r a m p e r s e c o n d c e n t i m e t r e g / s . c m
k i l o p o n d s e c o n d p e r s q u a r e m e t r e k p . s / m 2 9.806 65
c e n t i p o i s e c P 1 0 3
p o u n d a l s e c o n d p e r s q u a r e foot p d l . s / f t 2 1.488 16
*No international symbol exists for this unit; the symbol shown is the most common.
31
IS : 9137 - 1978
APPENDIX F
( Clause 5.11 )
C H E C K LIST
F-1. T h e following is a check list of items 6) liquid to be used for acceptance test
where agreemen t is r e c o m m e n d e d between ( see 4.2.3 );
rnanufacturer a n d purchaser before the test.
7) inlet a n d transmission losses in vertical
It should be noted t h a t it will not always be
well pumps ( see 6.2.4.4 and 6.4.3 );
necessary to agree upon all these items during
the elaboration of the contract: 8) cable losses ( see 6.4.3 );
1) extent of guarantee: 9) gear losses ( see 6.4.2 );
a) p u m p without motor ( see 4.1.1 ); 10) a r r a n g e m e n t for proving priming ability
b) combined p u m p m o t or unit ( see of selfpriming pumps ( see 5.7.5 );
4.1.1 );
11) time of tests ( see 5.2 );
c) guaranteed values [ for example
flow rate, total h e a d , power input, 12) location of tests ( see 5.1 );
efficiency, ( N P S H ), etc ] ( see 4.1.1, 13) test equipment ( see 5.6 );
4.1.2, 4.1.3.3, 4.2.1 a n d 9.4.3 ).
14) test a r r a n g e m e n t ( see 5.7.1 and 5.7.2 );
2) m e t h o d of verification of guaranteed
N P S H ( see 4.2.1 a n d 7.1.1 ); 15) chief of tests when test is not carried
3) rotational speed deviations outside per out at manufacturer's works ( see 5.4 );
missible tolerance ( see 5.8.3 and 9.2.1 );
16) test costs ( see 4.2.1, Appendix D );
4) voltage and frequency deviations outside
permissible tolerance ( see 9.2.1 ); 17) n u m b e r of pumps to be tested in a
batch of identical pumps ( see 4.2.1 ); a n d
5) m e t h o d of prediction of p u m p perfor
m a n c e from a test using clean cold water 18) any other aspect of p u m p behaviour ta
( see 8 ); be checked during the test.
APPENDIX G
( Clause 9.5 )
P U M P TEST SHEET
G-1. T h e p u m p test sheet illustrated in this A p p e n d i x is given for guidance for presenting p u m p test
results and to assist in their interpretation. It does not p u r p o r t to include all the information
required from a p u m p test and modifications m a y be necessary depending on the type of p u m p , its
application, and the m o d e of calculation.
32
IS : 9137 1978
PUMP TEST SHEET ( Class C ) Sheet No. Nature of Test
Customer:
Constant
Speed of rotation
T i m e interval
Flow rate Reading
Measured flow
Outlet head reading
Inlet head reading
Outlet head
Inlet head
Head
∆υ2/2g
Difference of measuring position
P u m p total head
Vs2l2g
( N P S H )
Useful power (P u )
Voltage
Current
Wattmeter reading 1
Wattmeter reading 2
Total of wattmeter readings
Motor power input
Power ( torque ) Motor efficiency
Torque reading
Gear efficiency
Motor power output
Pump power input
Overall efficiency
Pump efficiency
—
Notes
Date Chief of tests Representatives
of the customer of the manu
facturer
33
Bureau of Indian Standards
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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
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implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.