HYDRAULIC FLOOR

CRANE 360 DEGREE

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 HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE 360 DEGREE

MAIN PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree

of

Bachelor of Technology

in

Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by

AMIT JAISWAL (5808614)

Under the esteemed guidance of

DR. .........................,B.Tech, M.Tech.,Ph.D

Head of Department

Of

Mechanical Engineering

.................................. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Affiliated to ...................................... University)

2014-2015

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1 CANDIDATE’S DECLARTION 4
2 CERTIFICATE 5
3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6
4 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES 7
5 PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 8
6 ABSTRACT 9

7 INTRODUCTION 10

8 MAIN COMPONENTS & DESCRIPTIONS 11

9 TYPES OF HYDRAULIC CRANE 16
10 DESIGN CRITERIA 22
11 DESIGN CALAULATIONS 27
12 BILL OF MATERIALS 30
13 ADVANTAGES 31
14 CONCLUSION 33
15 REFERENCES 34

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 CANDIDATE’S DECLARTION

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented by Amit Jaiswal, Ajay
Singh Chauhan, Rajeev Kumar, Raman Kumar, Vijay Kumar in partial fulfillment
of requirement for the award of degree of B.Tech. in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
submitted at KALPI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY under KURUKSHETRA
UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA is an authentic record of my own work carried out
under the supervision of Er. Harish Kumar Sharma (HOD) and Er. Vikas Kunnar.

Project Member:

Amit Jaiswal [5808614]

Ajay Singh Chauhan [5808615]
Rajeev Kumar [5808608]
Raman Kumar [5808606]
Vijay Kumar [5808613]

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 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the dissertation entitled “ HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE 360
DEGREE ” by RAJEEV KUSHWAHA, AMIT JAISWAL, SANDEEP ANAND SHARMA,
MANISH KUMAR TRIVEDI, PERVEZ KHAN,& DIVYANSH submitted to the
Department of mechanical engineering, Kalpi Institute Of Technology, Ambala in
the partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in mechanical engineering is a record of bonafide work done by him
under my supervision and guidance during the session 2014-15. This work has
not been submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any
degree or diploma.

Head of department & project Guide

Mr.........................

Department of mechanical engineering

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all we would like to thank our project guide Mr. ......................
Assistant Professor, Mechanical engineering Department, Kurukshetra
University who has given valuable support during the course of our
project by clarifying our doubts and guiding us with her novel ideas.

We would like to thank Prof. .........................., Head of department,

mechanical engineering, Kurukshetra University.

We extend our sincere thanks to our Dean ....................................

Department of mechanical engineering for giving us this wonderful
opportunity to work in desired area of interest.

We extend our sincere thanks to all teaching staff of mechanical

engineering department, those who helped us in completing this
project successfully.

Lastly we also thank the people who directly or indirectly gave us

encouragement and support throughout the project.

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Role and Responsibilities

My roles and responsibilities includes:

 Prepare a requirement document to reach expectations of project and to

come up with functionalities which are needed to be implemented.
 Documentation of expected output for various aspects with accepted
margin error was also documented.
 To design overall system based on workflow requirements.
 Discussion with the project guide and Head of Department on ways to
improve the design and to optimize performance.
 Choosing suitable components and methods based on the configurations
availability and requirements.
 Testing and remedies.
 Recommendations

As a trainee mechanical engineer, I wanted to work on a project work

that would showcase my engineering knowledge. I got the opportunity
to work on HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE 360 DEGREE. This project was
very important as it evaluated my skills and talents in my company.

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PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY

As a mechanical engineer, before undertaking any task I checked the

feasibility of the project. In this project, my role is as team members.
This report provides an insight into the design and fabrication of a
HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE 360 DEGREE.

I wanted to know more details of the project before commencing;

hence, I researched the topic thoroughly by referring to journals and
articles online. Additionally, I obtained more information by taking
references about the topic.

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 ABSTRACT

In material handling, the cranes play a vital role in modern manufacturing

industries. In our project we aim to fabricate a hydraulic operated floor crane for
handling various kinds of materials. The hydraulic floor crane consists of truck,
hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic tank, hydraulic hoses, DCV, beam and hooks. The
beam one end is fixed to the truck and another end is attached to the hooks. The
hydraulic cylinder is connected to the horizontal arm. The hydraulic tank is
pumping to the hose in upward direction. At the same time material is lifted with
the help of hook and hydraulic cylinder released to the pressure valve so the
material is unloaded. The material from one place goes to the other place with
the help of hydraulic floor crane. The crane reduces the worker’s fatigue and
increases the overall efficiency of production processes with good safety. The
crane is fabricated with complete clear front, small compact frame, good reach,
high lift and with low center of gravity. The crane has the capacity of lifting 10 kg
with wide spread application in the shop floor. Thus the floor crane would serve
as a safe and versatile model for material handling operations.

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INTRODUCTION

A 'crane' is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or

chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to
move them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting
them to other places. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical
advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a man. Cranes
are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading
of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the
manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy equipment. In material
handling, the cranes play a vital role in modern manufacturing industries.
Hydraulic cranes are heavy equipment used primarily for lifting. These Hydraulic
floor Cranes, provide an efficient low cost alternative to other material handling
equipment. Strong, robust, study and built to very standard. Laden, these cranes
are manoeuvrable and loading, unloading and shifting of heavy load. Crane
structure consists of chasis, vertical column, inner boom and outer boom, and the
hydraulic pump with cylinder assembly. The box frame can take heavy loads
effectively, avoids and damage under rough and unskilled handling. Inner and
outer boom is suitably reinefoast the bow structure for better distribution of
force. Inner boom has 3 locking points telescopes into the outer boom with 360°
rotating forged steel hook. Moving on 4 Nos wheels, two wheels are fixed and
two wheels are on swivel castors easy directional movement and all wheels are
equipped with sealed ball bearing / tapper roller bearings for better mobility. 2
Nos screw disc ground arrested are provided to prevent movement when transfer

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of load track. The hydraulic crane was invented in Newcastle by William
Armstrong in about 1845 to help load coal into barges at the Quayside.

MAIN COMPONENTS & DESCRIPTIONS

Components of hydraulic floor crane 360 degree:

1. Base plate/ Truck/Pallet

2. Hydraulic tank

3. Hydraulic hoses

4. Direction control valve

5. Vertical column

6. Ball bearings

7. Horizontal arm

8. Secondary horizontal arm

9. Hydraulic cylinder

10. Hook

11. Nuts and Bolts

12. Wheels

13. Viper motor

14. BATTERY

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DESCRIPTIONS:
1. Base plate/ Truck/Pallet:-

It is a plate that serves as a base or support. It is used for carrying the overall
weight of the project. It is made of mild steel. In this 4 bars are welded by using
electric Arc Welding to give it a rectangular shape. It is made up of cast iron.

2. Hydraulic tank:-

It is filled with engine oil. It consists of an A.C. Motor which is having four
connections to the outside of the tank for connecting it to the power supply. The
capacity of fuel tank is 4 litre.

3. Hydraulic hose:-

These are for carrying the fluid (Engine Oil) from the hydraulic tank to the cylinder
at the time of extending and from the cylinder to the hydraulic tank at the time of
retraction. These can sustain fluid pressure in ranges from 180 bar – 350 bar.
These are made of polymer material with mild steel nuts at the ends to fix it with
the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic tank. In our project we have four hoses for
various applications. There are separate hoses for suction, pressure, flow, and
return of fluid.

4. Direction control valve:-

This is a Lever operated Direction Control Valve. This is used for controlling the
direction of fluid flow in the hydraulic hoses from hydraulic tank to hydraulic
cylinder and vice-versa during arm extension and arm retraction simultaneously.

5. Vertical column:-

This is mounted on the pallet/base plate/truck in longitudinal or Y-direction. It

consists of a short handle which is welded to the vertical column for 360◦ rotation
of the column so that the load can be dropped at the required position. It consists
of roller bearing at the base in the circumferential manner to reduce friction at
the time of rotating the vertical column.

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6. Thrust ball bearings:-

Ball bearings are called as ‘anti friction bearings’. This is a misnomer because
friction is always present in such bearings, mainly owing to rolling resistance
between the balls or rollers and the race. It carries the vertical thrust and axial
load.

7. Horizontal arm:-

It is fixed horizontal arm on which our hydraulic piston and cylinder is mounted. It
is fixed with the vertical column with welded joint which can rotate with the
rotating vertical column to 360° rotation.

8. Secondary horizontal arm:-

It is horizontal arm which can move in up and down with the load or without the
load. A is fixed to it through which we can attach the load.

9. Hydraulic cylinder:-

A Hydraulic cylinder (also called a linear hydraulic motor) is a mechanical

actuator that is used to give a unidirectional force through a unidirectional
stroke. Hydraulic cylinders get their power from pressurized hydraulic fluid,
which is typically oil. The hydraulic cylinder consists of a cylinder barrel, in which
a piston connected to a piston rod moves back and forth.

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10. Hook:-

Hook is fixed with the secondary horizontal arm. Hook is used for attaching the
load to secondary horizontal arm which moves up and down due which the
connected loads are lifted and rotates.

11. Nuts and Bolts:-

Nuts and bolts are the hardware fasteners which are used to fasten the various
different parts .in our project we have used around 20 nut and bolts.

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12. Wheels:-

A wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axial bearing.

The wheel is one of the main components of the wheel and axle which is one of
the six simple machines. Wheels, in conjunction with axles, allow heavy objects
to be moved easily facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a
load, or performing labor in machines. In our project we are using four wheels of
diameter 12cm.

13. Viper motor:-

14. BATTERY:-

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TYPES OF HYDRAULIC CRANE:

a. Truck Cranes

b. Crawler-Mounted Cranes

c. Overhead crane

d. Tower Cranes

a. Truck Cranes:-

A crane mounted on a truck carrier provides the mobility for this type of crane.
This crane has two parts: the carrier, often referred to as the Lower, and the
lifting component which includes the boom, referred to as the Upper. These are
mated together through a turntable, allowing the upper to swing from side to
side. These modern hydraulic truck cranes are usually single-engine machines,
with the same engine powering the undercarriage and the crane. The upper is
usually powered via hydraulics run through the turntable from the pump
mounted on the lower. In older model designs of hydraulic truck cranes, there
were two engines. One in the lower pulled the crane down the road and ran a
hydraulic pump for the outriggers and jacks. The one in the upper ran the upper
through a hydraulic pump of its own. Many older operators favor the two-engine
system due to leaking seals in the turntable of aging newer design cranes.

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Generally, these cranes are able to travel on highways, eliminating the need for
special equipment to transport the crane unless weight or other size constrictions
are in place such as local laws. If this is the case, most larger cranes are equipped
with either special trailers to help spread the load over more axles or are able to
disassemble to meet requirements. An example is counterweights. Often a crane
will be followed by another truck hauling the counterweights that are removed
for travel. In addition some cranes are able to remove the entire upper. However,
this is usually only an issue in a large crane and mostly done with a conventional
crane such as a Link-Belt HC-238. When working on the job site, outriggers are
extended horizontally from the chassis then vertically to level and stabilize the
crane while stationary and hoisting. Many truck cranes have slow-travelling
capability (a few miles per hour) while suspending a load. Great care must be
taken not to swing the load sideways from the direction of travel, as most anti-
tipping stability then lies in the stiffness of the chassis suspension. Most cranes of
this type also have moving counterweights for stabilization beyond that provided
by the outriggers. Loads suspended directly aft are the most stable, since most of
the weight of the crane acts as a counterweight. Factory-calculated charts (or
electronic safeguards) are used by crane operators to determine the maximum
safe loads for stationary (outriggered) work as well as (on-rubber) loads and
travelling speeds.

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b. Crawler-Mounted Cranes:-

A crawler is a crane mounted on an undercarriage with a set of tracks (also called

crawlers) that provide stability and mobility. Crawler cranes range in lifting
capacity from about 40 to 3,500 short tons (35.7 to 3,125.0 long tons; 36.3 to
3,175.1 t).

Crawler cranes have both advantages and disadvantages depending on their use.
Their main advantage is that they can move around on site and perform each lift
with little set-up, since the crane is stable on its tracks with no outriggers. In
addition, a crawler crane is capable of traveling with a load. The main
disadvantage is that they are very heavy, and cannot easily be moved from one
job site to another without significant expense. Typically a large crawler must be
disassembled and moved by trucks, rail cars or ships to its next location.

c. Overhead crane

Overhead crane being used in typical machine shop. The hoist is operated via a
wired pushbutton station to move system and the load in any direction. An
overhead crane, also known as a bridge crane, is a type of crane where the hook-
and-line mechanism runs along a horizontal beam that itself runs along two
widely separated rails. Often it is in a long factory building and runs along rails
along the building's two long walls. It is similar to a gantry crane. Overhead
cranes typically consist of either a single beam or a double beam construction.

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These can be built using typical steel beams or a more complex box girder type.
Pictured on the right is a single bridge box girder crane with the hoist and system
operated with a control pendant. Double girder bridge are more typical when
needing heavier capacity systems from 10 tons and above. The advantage of the
box girder type configuration results in a system that has a lower deadweight yet
a stronger overall system integrity. Also included would be a hoist to lift the
items, the bridge, which spans the area covered by the crane, and a trolley to
move along the bridge.

The most common overhead crane use is in the steel industry. At every step of
the manufacturing process, until it leaves a factory as a finished product, steel is
handled by an overhead crane. Raw materials are poured into a furnace by crane,
hot steel is stored for cooling by an overhead crane, the finished coils are lifted
and loaded onto trucks and trains by overhead crane, and the fabricator or
stamper uses an overhead crane to handle the steel in his factory. The
automobile industry uses overhead cranes for handling of raw materials. Smaller
workstation cranes handle lighter loads in a work-area, such as CNC mill or saw.

Almost all paper mills use bridge cranes for regular maintenance requiring
removal of heavy press rolls and other equipment. The bridge cranes are used in
the initial construction of paper machines because they facilitate installation of
the heavy cast iron paper drying drums and other massive equipment, some
weighing as much as 70 tons.

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d. Tower Cranes:-

Tower cranes are a modern form of balance crane that consist of the same basic
parts. Fixed to the ground on a concrete slab (and sometimes attached to the
sides of structures as well), tower cranes often give the best combination of
height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings. The
base is then attached to the mast which gives the crane its height. Further the
mast is attached to the slewing unit (gear and motor) that allows the crane to
rotate. On top of the slewing unit there are three main parts which are: the long
horizontal jib (working arm), shorter counter-jib, and the operators cab. Tower
crane cabin .The long horizontal jib is the part of the crane that carries the load.
The counter-jib carries a counterweight, usually of concrete blocks, while the jib
suspends the load to and from the center of the crane. The crane operator either
sits in a cab at the top of the tower or controls the crane by radio remote control
from the ground. In the first case the operator's cab is most usually located at the
top of the tower attached to the turntable, but can be mounted on the jib, or
partway down the tower. The lifting hook is operated by the crane operator using
electric motors to manipulate wire rope cables through a system of sheaves. The
hook is located on the long horizontal arm to lift the load which also contains its
motor.

A tower crane rotates on its axis before lowering the lifting hook.In order to hook
and unhook the loads, the operator usually works in conjunction with a signaller
(known as a 'dogger', 'rigger' or 'swamper'). They are most often in radio contact,
and always use hand signals. The rigger or dogger directs the schedule of lifts for
the crane, and is responsible for the safety of the rigging and loads.

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The Component of Tower Crane:-

Tower Cranes are used extensively in construction and other industry to hoist and
move materials. There are many types of tower cranes. Although they are
different in type, the main parts are the same, as follows:

1. Mast The mast is the main supporting tower of the crane. It is made of steel
trussed sections that are connected together during installation.
2. Slewing Unit - The slewing unit sits at the top of the mast. This is the engine
that enables the crane to rotate.
3. Operating Cabin - The operating cabin sits just above the slewing unit. It
contains the operating controls.
4. Jib - The jib, or operating arm, extends horizontally from the crane. A "luffing"
jib is able to move up and down; a fixed jib has a rolling trolley that runs along
the underside to move goods horizontally.
5. Hook - The hook (or hooks) is used to connect the material to the crane. It
hangs at the end of thick steel cables that run along the jib to the motor.
6. Weights - Large concrete counterweights are mounted toward the rear of the
mast, to compensate for the weight of the goods lifted.

A tower crane is usually assembled by a telescopic jib (mobile) crane of greater

reach (also see "self-erecting crane" below) and in the case of tower cranes that
have risen while constructing very tall skyscrapers, a smaller crane (or derrick) will
often be lifted to the roof of the completed tower to dismantle the tower crane
afterwards, which may be more difficult than the installation.

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DESIGN CRITERIA:-

There are three major considerations in the design of cranes.

1. The crane must be able to lift the weight of the load;

2. The crane must not topple;

3. The crane must not rupture.

Lifting capacity:-

The lifting capacity of hydraulic crane mainly depends on following.

1. The lever:-

A balance crane contains a horizontal beam (the lever) pivoted about a point
called the fulcrum. The principle of the lever allows a heavy load attached to the
shorter end of the beam to be lifted by a smaller force applied in the opposite
direction to the longer end of the beam. The ratio of the load's weight to the
applied force is equal to the ratio of the lengths of the longer arm and the shorter
arm, and is called the mechanical advantage.

2. The pulley:-

A jib crane contains a tilted strut (the jib) that supports a fixed pulley block.
Cables are wrapped multiple times round the fixed block and round another block
attached to the load. When the free end of the cable is pulled by hand or by a
winding machine, the pulley system delivers a force to the load that is equal to

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the applied force multiplied by the number of lengths of cable passing between
the two blocks. This number is the mechanical advantage.

3. The hydraulic cylinder:-

This can be used directly to lift the load or indirectly to move the jib or beam that
carries another lifting device. Cranes, like all machines, obey the principle of
conservation of energy. This means that the energy delivered to the load cannot
exceed the energy put into the machine. For example, if a pulley system
multiplies the applied force by ten, then the load moves only one tenth as far as
the applied force. Since energy is proportional to force multiplied by distance, the
output energy is kept roughly equal to the input energy (in practice slightly less,
because some energy is lost to friction and other inefficiencies).

The same principle can operate in reverse. In case of some problem, the
combination of heavy load and great height can accelerate small objects to
tremendous speed. Such projectiles can result in severe damage to nearby
structures and people. Cranes can also get in chain reactions; the rupture of one
crane may in turn take out nearby cranes. Cranes need to be watched carefully.

Stability:-

For stability, the sum of all moments about any point such as the base of the
crane must equate to zero. In practice, the magnitude of load that is permitted to
be lifted (called the "rated load" in the US) is some value less than the load that
will cause the crane to tip (providing a safety margin).

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Standards for cranes mounted on ships or offshore platforms are somewhat
stricter because of the dynamic load on the crane due to vessel motion.
Additionally, the stability of the vessel or platform must be considered.

For stationary pedestal or kingpost mounted cranes, the moment created by the
boom, jib, and load is resisted by the pedestal base or kingpost. Stress within the
base must be less than the yield stress of the material or the crane will fail.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Manufacturing:-
The hydraulic crane which was manufactured has 12 parts. They are Base plate/
Truck/Pallet, Hydraulic tank, Hydraulic hoses, Direction control valve, Vertical
column, Ball bearings, Horizontal arm, Secondary horizontal arm, Hydraulic
cylinder, Roller, Hook, Nuts and Bolts, Wheels. Base plates are made of caste iron
metal rod. The rods are cut according to the dimensions and they are welded
using metal arc welding. Then bearing was selected according to the thrust and
axial load and vertical column are fitted on the bearing so that it can rotate to a
360°.The fixed horizontal arm is welded. And secondary horizontal arm was fixed
with hook. Hydraulic system are selected according to the power required and
capacity of tank.

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ASSEMBLY:

1. Arrangement of four wheels on the four the base plate.

2. Assembly of fixture for holding the bearing and the vertical column.
3. Assembly of secondary horizontal arm on fixed horizontal arm.
4. Assembly of hydraulic tank on the base plate.
5. Assembly of fixture for directional control valve.
6. Assembly of hydraulic piston on the fixed horizontal arm.
7. Connection of hoses with the piston, directional control valve, and the fuel
tank.

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 DESIGN CALAULATIONS
DESIGN SPECIFICATION:-

1. Polyhose :
Inner diameter(ID)=3/8˝
Working pressure= 350bar(5000psi)

2. Lever operated Direction Control Valve:

Polyhydron 4DL06 SGS-02.5 12/11

3. Hydraulic Tank:
PN = 0.75 kw UN= 380 Y V
N= 1420 rev/min IN= 2,2 A
Q= 2.5 l/min f= 50 Hz

4. Wheel:
B Triopines 5 X1 3/16
5. Truck:-
Length of truck=65cm=0.65m
Breadth of truck=45cm=0.45m
Height of vertical column=100cm=1m

DESIGN OF TRUCK

1. Calculation of floor load :-

Floor load is a measure of pressure on the floor of
truck. It is necessary to avoid the catastrophic failure.

Total weight= 20kg

Length= 65cm= 0.65m
Breadth= 45cm= 0.45m

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 Floor load= total weight/total floor area = W/(l*b)
=20/ (0.65*0.45)
= 68.37kg/m2 or 68.37 N

2. Calculation of floor capacity:-

Beam strength formula:-
Maximum load in the beam= FBD2/9L; Where:-
F- Fiber stress in bending, usually F=1000 N/m2 B- Breadth
of floor= 0.45m
D- Depth of joist= 0.76m L- Length of
joist= 0.16m

Maximum load in beam= (1000*0.45*0.762)/(9*0.16)

= 180.5 N/m2

HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

HYDRAULIC POWER:-

2. Power input

=[speed(rev/min)*pump displacement(cc/rev)
*pressure(bar)*100]/[600*motor efficiency(%)]

=[1420*1*350*100]/[600*90]

=920watt

2. Flow

= [motor speed(rev/min)*pump displacement(cc/rev)]/1000

=1420*1.76/1000

=2.1cc/min

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3. Shaft torque
= [pump displacement (cc/min)*pressure (bar)]/[20*P*I*3.142]

=[1.73*350]/[20*920*3.142] =53N-m

4. Power out

=[speed(rev/min)*pump displacement(cc/min)*pressure(bar)*100]/600
=[1420*1.73*350*100]/600

=830watt

5 Fluid velocity in hose

Continuity equation:- Q= ρAV

Q = ρ*(πd2/4)*V

V= [(Q*4)/(ρ*πd2)]

=[(2.5*4)/(899*π*0.012)]
= 35.40 m/s

Density of fluid at room temperature = ρ= 899 kg/m3

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 BILL OF MATERIALS

SERIAL NAME QUANTITY RATE(Rs.) TOTAL

NO. AMOUNT

1. HYDRAULIC TANK 1 6000 6000

2. HYDRAULIC 1 5000 5000

CYLINDER
3. HYDRAULIC HOSES 4 250 1000

4. DIRECTION CONTROL 1 1000 1000

VALVE
5. BALL BEARINGS 1 500 500

6. WHEELS 4 125 500

7. WHEEL BEARINGS 4 125 500

8. WELDING 20 50 1000

9. LABOUR CHARGE 1 1000 1000

10. METAL COST(MS) 8KG 50 400

11 TRANSPORTATION 2000 2000

12 NAME PLATE 1 350 350

13 NUTS AND BOLTS 20 25 500

14 ENGINE OIL 5 250 1250

TOTAL AMOUNT SPENT Rs.21000

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ADVANTAGES:-

1. Most powerful means of lifting objects:-

It is one of the most powerful means of lifting objects is with the strength of a
hydraulic crane. By harnessing the strength that liquid under pressure gives, and
the ease with which it can be used, it is possible to transfer a relatively small
amount of effort from one place to another, and hydraulic cranes are amongst
the most efficient lifting systems available in the modern workplace.

2. Extremely stable in use:-

Because the hydraulic cranes use a fixed system of pipes, constant pressure can
be maintained once a part of the system has been moved into place, and this
makes them extremely stable in use, and able to support relatively large weights.

3. Very easy to maintain:-

Hydraulic cranes are amongst the simplest systems that you can use within any
industrial process, and are very easy to maintain. Provided that all the pumps and
pistons are regularly checked for any leaks, and potential stress points where the
levers are supported are inspected for damage, the crane will continue to operate
completely reliably for long periods of time.

4. A very versatile tool:-

Most hydraulic cranes are comparatively light weight, and the ease with which
they can be moved from one area to another within the factory or distribution
center, makes them a very versatile tool with lots of uses on a day to day basis.
From simple loading jobs in your loading bay area where the portable hydraulic

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cranes can be used to lift objects into a waiting truck to more complex jobs within
the main factory, the lifts will come in very useful.

5. Quite simple Design:-

A hydraulic system works with a system of pumps and pistons that are filled with
a liquid, usually a light oil or water. By moving the liquid under pressure from the
pumps, pistons can be extended or reduced, and when these pistons are
connected to a system of levers, the pistons can be used to lift surprisingly heavy
weights.

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CONCLUSION

The aim of our project was to build a fully functional HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE
mechanism which is capable of lifting load up to 10 kg . We accurately achieved
our first goal of lifting the load and 360° rotary motion of the vertical column .

We feel that our design and fabrication was a great success both in terms of
strength and stiffness. Our project weighed 20kg which is capable of lifting load
up to 10kg using hydraulic power.

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REFERENCES

1. DR. T. J. PRABHU (2010) ‘A text book of Design of Transmission Elements’.

2. Design data book- PSG Collage of Technology

3. www.e4training.com

4. www.freepatentsonline.com

5. www.howstuffworks.com

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