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CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (CLL) is the most frequent type of leukemia in the western world and
results in the progressive accumulation of mature CD5 (+) B lymphocytes in blood and bone marrow of the
affected person. Chromosomal translocations are rare events in B-CLL. Copy number changes of certain
chromosomal regions are however frequent. Some of these have been found to be highly prognostic
markers of this disease.
The P037 and P038 probemixes contains several probes for genomic regions that are recurrently imbalanced
in B cell CLL. These probemixes can be used to determine the loss of TP53 (17p13; 8 probes), the RB1 /
DLEU / MIR15-16 region on 13q14 (12 probes), the ATM gene on 11q23 (7 probes), the PTEN gene region
on 10q23 (2 probes), the MYCN gene (2p24; 3 probes), the 8q24 MYC region (3 probes), the 6q25-26 region
(3 probes), the CDKN2A-2B genes on 9p21 (2 probes) as well the presence of trisomy 12 (10 probes) and
trisomy 19 (5 probes) in DNA samples obtained from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). For further
information on genes included in these probemixes see page 2.
In addition, for each region to be analysed, several reference probes on various other chromosomes are
present. This might be necessary for correct analysis of samples containing lower (30-60%) percentages of
tumor cells.
Please note: the MLPA analysis will provide information on the average situation in the cells. Gains or
losses of genomic regions will not be noted in case the percentage of tumor cells is low.
This SALSA® MLPA® probemix is designed to detect deletions/duplications of one or more exons of the
aforementioned genes. Heterozygous deletions of recognition sequences should give a 35-50% reduced
relative peak area of the amplification product of that probe. Note that a mutation or polymorphism in the
sequence detected by a probe can also cause a reduction in relative peak area, even when not located
exactly on the ligation site! In addition, some probe signals are more sensitive to sample purity and small
changes in experimental conditions. Therefore, deletions and duplications detected by MLPA should always
be confirmed by other methods. Not all deletions and duplications detected by MLPA will be pathogenic;
users should always verify the latest scientific literature when interpreting their findings. We have no
information on what percentage of defects in these genes is caused by deletions/duplications of complete
exons. Finally, note that most defects in this gene are expected to be small (point) mutations which will not
be detected by this SALSA® MLPA® test.
SALSA® MLPA® probemixes are sold by MRC-Holland for research purposes and to demonstrate
the possibilities of the MLPA technique. This probemix is not CE/FDA certified for use in
diagnostic procedures. SALSA MLPA probemixes are supplied with all necessary buffers and
enzymes. Purchase of the SALSA MLPA test probemixes includes a limited license to use these
products for research purposes.
The use of this SALSA® MLPA® probemix requires a thermocycler with heated lid and sequence type
electrophoresis equipment. Different fluorescent PCR primers are available. The MLPA technique has been
first described in Nucleic Acid Research 30, e57 (2002).
References for SALSA® MLPA® CLL probemixes P037, P038 and P040
Fabris S. et al (2011) Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and fluorescence in situ
hybridization to detect chromosomal abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a comparative study.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 50:726-34.
Groenen P. et al (2011) High prevalence of adverse prognostic genetic aberrations and unmutated IGHV
genes in small lymphocytic lymphoma as compared to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Hematopathol
4:189-197.
Abdool A. et al (2010) Detection, analysis and clinical validation of chromosomal aberrations by multiplex
ligation-dependent probe amplification in chronic leukemia. PLoS One. 25;5:e15407.
Al Zaabi E. et al (2010) Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification Versus Multiprobe Fluorescence
in Situ Hybridization To Detect Genomic Aberrations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. A Tertiary Center
Experience. J Mol Diagn. 2010 Jan 21. [Epub ahead of print]
Stevens-Kroef M. et al (2009) Identification of chromosomal abnormalities relevant to prognosis in chronic
lymphocytic leukemia using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplfication. Cancer Genet Cytogenet.
195:97-104.
Coll-Mulet L. et al (2008) Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for detection of genomic
alterations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br.J.Haematol. 142:793-801.
Buijs A. et al (2006) Detection of risk-identifying chromosomal abnormalities and genomic profiling by
multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 91:1434.
More information
Website : www.mlpa.com
E-mail : info@mlpa.com (information & technical questions); order@mlpa.com (for orders)
Mail : MRC-Holland bv; Willem Schoutenstraat 6, 1057 DN Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Data analysis
The P037-A2 CLL probemix contains 40 MLPA probes with amplification products between 136 and 474 nt.
The P038-A2 CLL probemix contains 40 different MLPA probes with amplification products between 130 nt
and 454 nt. In addition, both probemixes contains 9 control fragments generating an amplification product
smaller than 120 nt: four DNA Quantity fragments (Q-fragments) at 64-70-76-82 nt, three DNA denaturation
control fragments (D-fragments) at 88-92-96 nt, one X-fragment at 100 nt and one Y-fragment at 105 nt.
More information on how to interpret observations on these control fragments can be found in the MLPA
protocol.
Data generated by this probemix should be normalised with a more robust method, as the target sites of the
reference probes maybe gained or lost. (1) Intra-sample normalisation should be performed by dividing the
signal of each target-specific probe by the signal of every single reference probe in that sample, thus
creating as many ratios per target-specific probe as there are reference probes. Subsequently, the median of
all these produced ratios per probe should be taken; this is the probe’s Normalisation Constant. (2)
Secondly, inter-sample comparison should be performed by dividing the Normalisation Constant of each
probe in a given sample by the average Normalisation Constant of that probe in all the reference samples.
Data normalisation should be performed within one experiment. Only samples purified by the same method
should be compared. Confirmation of most exons deletions and amplifications can be done by e.g. Southern
blotting, long range PCR, qPCR, FISH.
Note that Coffalyser, the MLPA analysis tool developed at MRC-Holland, can be downloaded free of charge
from our website www.mlpa.com.
Many copy number alterations in healthy individuals are described in the database of genomic variants:
http://projects.tcag.ca/variation. For example, a duplication of a complete gene might not be pathogenic,
while a partial duplication or a deletion may result in disease. For some genes, certain in-frame deletions
may result in a very mild, or no disease. Copy number changes of reference probes are unlikely to be the
cause of the condition tested for. Users should always verify the latest scientific literature when interpreting
their findings.
Note: Exon numbering might be different as compared to literature! Please, notify us of any mistakes. The
identity of the genes detected by the reference probes is available on request: info@mlpa.com.
Note:
PTEN was renamed KLLN according to GRCh37/hg19 human genome assembly and NM_001126049.1.
Please, notify us of any mistakes. The identity of the genes detected by the reference probes is available
on request: info@mlpa.com.
Chromosome 2
172 MYCN 03028-L03597 2p24.3 02-015.999772 3.4 Kb
364 MYCN 02572-L02036 2p24.3 02-016.003130 0.2 Kb
436 MYCN 03327-L02466 2p24.3 02-016.003292 31548.3 Kb
329 MSH2 00915-L00503 2p21 02-047.551611 7516.7 Kb
409 RTN4 00963-L09340 2p16.1 02-055.068269 16362.4 Kb
355 NP220 00965-L00552 2p13.3 02-071.430713 41818.5 Kb
256 IL1A 00518-L00098 2q13 02-113.249258
Chromosome 3
310 FANCD2 02140-L01633 3p25.3 03-010.115483
Chromosome 4
136 PDGFRA 02573-L03981 4q12 04-054.790017 132600.3 Kb
184 KLKB1 01217-L00694 4q35.2 04-187.390325
Chromosome 5
382 APC 01550-L00993 5q22 05-112.204006 19833.6 Kb
130 IL4 00797-L00463 5q31.1 05-132.037612 44591.7 Kb
159 NSD1 02597-L02068 5q35.3 05-176.629353
Chromosome 6
301 ESR1 02746-L02173 6q25.1 06-152.170607 8266.8 Kb
142 IGF2R 02799-L02184 6q26 06-160.437454 1290.4 Kb
346 PARK2 02182-L03127 6q26 06-161.727842
Chromosome 7
229 CYLN2 01561-L01133 7q11.23 07-073.390805
Chromosome 8
427 EIF3S3 01108-L00679 8q24 08-117.726435 11095.6 Kb
238 MYC 00672-L00169 8q24.12 08-128.822001 0.2 Kb
154 MYC 00580-L00145 8q24.12 08-128.822151
Chromosome 9
202 CDKN2A 00602-L09528 9p21 09-021.960900 29.6 Kb
454 CDKN2B 01531-L00954 9p21 09-021.990530 55948.3 Kb
211 PCSK5 01344-L00555 9q21.3 09-077.938853 51706.3 Kb
184 ENG 03006-L02446 9q34.1 09-129.645199
Chromosome 10
292 KLLN 02203-L08261 10q23.3 10-089.612348 95.3 Kb
148 PTEN 00522-L00387 10q23.3 10-089.707638
Chromosome 11
136 ATM 02675-L01168 11q23 11-107.598962 33.2 Kb
173 ATM 02644-L02111 11q23 11-107.632169 2.8 Kb
202 ATM 02654-L02121 11q23 11-107.634921 13.8 Kb
328 ATM 02663-L02130 11q23 11-107.648709 6.7 Kb
Chromosome 12
355 CCND2 00498-L00084 12p13.3 12-004.279429 2151.3 Kb
444 CD27 00678-L00124 12p13.31 12-006.430702 18721.5 Kb
319 LRMP 00495-L03128 12p12.3 12-025.152177 31276.4 Kb
Chromosome 13
160 RB1 00845-L00378 13q14.2 13-047.853385 82.3 Kb
382 RB1 01794-L01357 13q14.2 13-047.935661 1551.9 Kb
221 KCNRG 04017-L03414 13q14.3 13-049.487590 5.1 Kb
148 KCNRG 04018-L04000 13q14.3 13-049.492724 28.5 Kb
166 MIRN15A 04019-L03416 13q14.3 13-049.521252 33.0 Kb
193 DLEU2 04020-L03417 13q14.3 13-049.554226 22.6 Kb
400 DLEU1 00801-L00639 13q14.3 13-049.576841 205.5 Kb
373 DLEU1 01589-L01161 13q14.3 13-049.782357 91.0 Kb
337 DLEU1 01590-L01162 13q14.3 13-049.873373 311.6 Kb
463 DLEU7 03042-L02417 13q14.3 13-050.185013 130.7 Kb
217 DLEU7 03775-L02416 13q14.3 13-050.315740 1124.9 Kb
238 ATP7B 03240-L02677 13q14.3 13-051.440675
Chromosome 15
154 FBN1 02448-L01892 15q21.1 15-046.692515 50625.7 Kb
454 IGF1R 00605-L00018 15q26 15-097.318174
Chromosome 16
445 TSC2 02445-L01409 16p13.3 16-002.078531 86559.1 Kb
391 GAS8 01087-L00734 16q24.3 16-088.637625
Chromosome 17
346 TP53 00345-L00171 17p13.1 17-007.513675 1.0 Kb
391 TP53 01587-L01159 17p13.1 17-007.514676 3.1 Kb
282 TP53 02384-L01158 17p13.1 17-007.517783 0.4 Kb
256 TP53 01990-L03129 17p13.1 17-007.518225 1.0 Kb
247 TP53 02376-L01498 17p13.1 17-007.519216 1.1 Kb
292 TP53 00709-L00302 17p13.1 17-007.520274 0.3 Kb
193 TP53 01996-L01536 17p13.1 17-007.520623 11.0 Kb
409 TP53 02263-L01749 17p13.1 17-007.531619
Chromosome 18
142 SMAD4 02127-L01638 18q21.1 18-046.827448
Chromosome 19
265 CDKN2D 00344-L00170 19p13.2 19-010.538802 540.3 Kb
265 LDLR 02318-L01809 19p13.2 19-011.079136 4.1 Kb
319 LDLR 02322-L09533 19p13.2 19-011.083229 23922.0 Kb
Chromosome 20
418 DNMT3B 02216-L01482 20q11.21 20-030.831792
Chromosome 21
247 STCH 00816-L00334 21q11.2 21-014.675469
Chromosome 22
274 NF2 02485-L01984 22q12.2 22-028.394386 21158.7 Kb
475 RABL2B 01762-L08761 22q13.33 22-049.553070
Mapview36 position = The location of the probe according to the NCBI Mapview build 36 database. 22-
028.394386 = chromosome 22, at 28.394.386 nt from the P-telomere.
Note: The PTEN probe was renamed KLLN, because the sequence detected by this probe corresponds to
the KLLN gene according to GRCh37/hg19 human genome assembly and NCBI Reference Sequence:
NM_001126049.1 for KLLN gene. KLLN and PTEN, both located in 10q23.3, share the same promoter region
but are transcribed in opposite directions, therefore the probe was initially named after the PTEN gene.
Complete probe sequences are available on request: info@mlpa.com. Please, notify us of any mistakes:
info@mlpa.com.
110000 192,24
146,43
85,75 105,68
100000
96,23 152,24
201,79
182,74
90000 91,30 171,61
133,98
157,86
318,97
80000 354,37
445,08
264,13
70000 141,00 256,43
300,95 326,62
362,68
210,72
344,63
60000 292,24
246,75
229,82
310,29
50000 216,99
280,86
370,59 426,94
237,38
100,84
383,45 409,98
40000
272,77 436,71
335,49 400,73 462,89
20000
10000
Dye Signal
0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Size (nt)
Figure 1. Capillary electrophoresis pattern from a sample of approximately 50 ng human male control DNA
analyzed with SALSA MLPA probemix P037-A2 CLL (lot A2-0608).
85, 85 172,72
164,72
70000 91, 33
1 28,37
146,77 23 7,48
177,4 5
9 6,29 255 ,24 273,0 0
60000 183,45
228 ,62
3 28,86
220,96
29 1,63 3 53,42
50000 192,46
28 0,55
100,8 2
40000
2 64,16 308,2 2
338,00
34 5,11 382, 08
409,13
372,67
400,14
30000 360,63
42 8,81
300,32 391 ,32 417,2 3
3 18,02
4 54,11
443 ,55
20000 435, 98
10000
Dye Signal
0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Si ze (nt)
Figure 2. Capillary electrophoresis pattern from a sample of approximately 50 ng human male control DNA
analyzed with SALSA MLPA probemix P038-A2 CLL (lot A2-0708).