Bloodborne pathogens

Through: - needle

- Splashed by blood or body fluids

What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?

Microorganisms like Viruses or Bacteria like HIV Hepatitis B or C virus

HIV

AIDS is a severe disease Caused by HIV Defuncting the immune system

AIDS and HIV are the most serious threat in the whole world

Risk is high for homosexuals and intravenous drug using groups BUT it is a heterosexually spread
disease

HIV TYPE: RETROVIRUSE (They infect cells incorporating their genetic material into the cell’s DNA
then the body cell produces the virus while getting themselves killed)

HIV infects lymphocytes (infection fighting cells)

Symptoms: flu like illness, weakness, diarrhoea, weight loss

But signs may not be present for years

AIDS is Chronic and Fatal

 HEPATITIS

What is Hepatitis?

Hepatitis A, B and C are inflammation in the liver

It causes liver cancer and results in liver transplantation

HEPATITIS A

- Contagious results from infection the Hepatitis A virus

- Mild (lasting few weeks) to Severe (lasting several months)

Spread by

- Oral/Feco

HOW TO PREVENT HEPATITIS A?

Vaccination

HEPATITIS B

- Attacks the liver

- Symptoms: fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and Anorexia
- Acute Can be Chronic and Fatal
- Contagious from infection with Hepatitis B virus
- Mild (few weeks) to Serious (lifelong illness)

Spread by:

- Blood or Body Fluids

HOW TO PREVENT HEPATITIS B?

Vaccination

HEPATITS C

- Contagious
- Mild (few weeks) to Serious (lifelong illness)
- Acute (short term) or Chronic and Fatal

Spread by:

Blood or Body Fluids

Prevention:

No Vaccine

Treatment Available

Infectious Material
  Blood
 Body fluids
 Transmitted by: Wounds Contact with mucous Membranes (eyes mouth nose)
 How: Accidents, First Aid, Surgery Contaminated instruments, Dental infected instruments
 Exposure Control Plans: Engineering/Work controls , Universal Precautions, Post exposure
follow up

Universal Precautions

Treat All human blood and body fluids as if they are infected with HIV HBV HCV and other pathogens

Engineering Controls

- Handwashig facilities
- Biohazard waste bags

Work Practice Control

- PPE
- First Aids reponse
- Spill Clean uo
- Laundry
- Waste disposal
- Exposure response

Personal Protective Equipments (PPE)

- First line defense

- Limitations
- Rules: a- remove b4 leaving / b- Wash hands after removing / c- Properly dispose PPE

First Aid Response

- Adopt Universal Precautions

- Encourage self care
- Use PPE

Housekeeping

Spill Clean-up:

- Use PPE

- Cover spill with paper towel

- Pour disinfectant solution over towels

- Leave 10 mins

- Place material in proper containers

- Arrange for pick-up and disposal

Waste disposal:
 - Use PPE
- Leak proof Containers
- Proper Labelling

Contaminated Laundry

- Use PPE
- Handle as little as possible
- Pre-soak contaminated laundry
- Remove blood from clothing

Post Exposure Evaluation

- Confidential medical evaluation :

- Identify source and circumstances of exposure
- Test blood of source for HIV HBV
- Provide blood sample