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07.12.2012
Chapter 39 Relativity

1) A ball is thrown at 20.0 m/s inside a boxcar moving along the tracks at 40.0 m/s. What is the speed of the ball
relative to the ground if the ball is thrown (a) forward (b) backward (c) out the side door?

2)
The identical twins Speedo and Goslo join a migration from the Earth to Planet X. It is 20.0 ly away in a reference
frame in which both planets are at rest. The twins, of the same age, depart at the same time on different
spacecraft. Speedo’s craft travels steadily at 0.950c, and Goslo’s at 0.750c. Calculate the age difference between
the twins after Goslo’s spacecraft lands on Planet X. Which twin is the older?

(21.05-17.64=5.614 yıl, Speedo 17.64 yılda Planet X’e giderken Goslo bu gezegene 6.574 yılda
ulaşacak ve 5.614 yıl boyunca ikizinin gelmesini bekleyecek. İkizi geldiğinde Oslo 5.45 yıl daha
yaşlı olacak.)
3 ) A moving rod is observed to have a length of 2.00 m and to be oriented at an angle of 30.0° with respect to the
direction of motion, as shown in Figure P39.23. The rod has a speed of 0.995c. (a) What is the proper length of
the rod? (b) What is the orientation angle in the proper frame?
4) A Klingon spacecraft moves away from the Earth at a speed of 0.800c (Fig. P39.26). The starship Enterprise
pursues at a speed of 0.900c relative to the Earth. Observers on the Earth see the Enterprise overtaking the
Klingon craft at a relative speed of 0.100c. With what speed is the Enterprise overtaking the Klingon craft as
seen by the crew of the Enterprise?

(Enterprise içerisindeki mürettebat Klingon uzay gemisini 0.357c hızla solluyormuş gibi gözlemler.)
5) A golf ball travels with a speed of 90.0 m/s. By what fraction does its relativistic momentum magnitude p differ
from its classical value mu? That is, find the ratio (p - mu)/mu.
 6) A spaceship, moving away from Earth at a speed of 0.900c, reports back by transmitting at
a frequency (measured in the spaceship frame) of 100 MHz. To what frequency must Earth
receivers be tuned to receive the report?

The spaceship is moving away from Earth, so the frequency received is given by

1 −ν / c
f = f0
1 +ν / c

where fa is the frequency in the frame of the spaceship and v is the speed of the spaceship
relative to Earth.
1 − 0.9
= f 100= MHz 22.9 MHz
1 + 0.9