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-1 Im(f)
f (Y)
x Y
y=f(x)
f −1 (Y ) = { x ∈ A : f ( x ) ∈ Y } (8.4)
x ∈ f −1 (Y ) ⇔ f ( x ) ∈ Y. (8.5)
−1
x 6∈ f (Y ) ⇔ f ( x ) 6∈ Y. (8.6)
f −1 ( B ) = { x ∈ A : f ( x ) ∈ B }
= { x ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4} : ( x + 1) ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}
= {1, 2, 3, 4}
= Dom( f ).
84
A f B
1
1 Im(f)
2 2
3 3
4 4
5
f −1 (Y ) = { x ∈ A : f ( x ) ∈ Y }
= { x ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4} : ( x + 1) ∈ {1, 2, 3}}
= {1, 2}
f −1 ({2}) = {1}
f −1 ({3}) = {2}
f −1 ({4}) = {3}
f −1 ({5}) = {4}
85