PV Solar Inverter Circuit diagram

Inverter circuit gives Alternating Current (AC) output from battery Power source, but the
battery requires constant DC supply to get charge, so the every inverter circuit contains
Rectifier and battery charger segment. We need to provide AC input power to those circuits,
then only we can get AC output from inverter circuit.

When there is no AC supply outlet, we couldn’t charge the inverter battery & get high
voltage output. In this article Photovoltaic solar based inverter circuit given with easily
available components and it helps us to charge the inverter battery with out external AC
supply outlet. It can be Encapsulated as handheld inverter.

Stages of PV solar power inverter

Photovoltaic solar inverter circuit constructed with five different stages.

1. PV Solar panel
2. Regulator / Battery chagerg
3. Inverter Circuit (Switching Pulse Oscillator)
4. Switching Device
5. Step Up transformer (Output stage)

pv Solar inverter Circuit Diagram

Construction & Working

PV Solar Panel

In this circuit 12 Volt / 20 Watts Solar panel used to get input bias, It gives peak 12 volt at
1600 mA when exposed to the open Sun.

Regulator / Battery Charger

The LM317 adjustable three terminal Positive voltage Regulator used here and it can give
output voltage range from 1.25 V to 37 V with more than 1.5A current rating. final output
from the regulator is given to 12/4.5Ah SLA Battery, this Battery provides DC bias to the
inverter circuit. Regulator LM317 output voltage Vout can be obtained as
R2 => R2+VR1 for given inverter circuit.

Inverter Circuit using IC CD4047 (Switching Pulse Oscillator)

Monostable / Astable multivibrator IC CD4047 used here to produce switching pulse, This
IC works in low power and available in 14 pin Dual in line package. It provides full
Oscillation output F at Pin 13, 1/2 of oscillation at Pin 10 as Q and Pin 11 as Q’. each
output pin gives 50% duty cycle.

Here R => R4+VR2 and C=> C3. by using this formula we can obtain frequency output at
pin 13. For pin 10 and 11 the formula changes as f=1/4.4RC.

MosFET drivers

IRF540 N Channel power mosfet from vishay siliconix used as a switching drivers for this
inverter circuit. It gives fast switching, and have high operating temperature characteristics
(175ºC).

Output Stage

Main part of solar iverter is output stage, here transformer X1 is used in reverse with
specifications as 230V primary, 9V-0-9V / 1.5A secondary winding center tapped
transformer. MOV (Metal oxide Varistor) protects electronic device connected at output.

Solar panel output voltage is directly fed into LM317 positive Regulator circuit and it is
adjusted to give 12 volt output and Battery connected to this bias through (3A, 50V)
Schottky diode.

The CD4047 IC is connected and configured as Astable multivibrator, When we turn ON

SPST switch this circuit starts oscillation. Output Q and Q’ are directly fed into switching
power mosfet IRF540 & drives X1 transformer secondary winding, here the current flow
occurs particular duration and not for particular duration. So varying electromagnet induced
and primary winding coil produce EMF, hence we get Alternating current output. Depends
on the count of winding and switching frequency output Voltage/Frequency get varied.
PROYECTO: Solar Powered Arduino

Power source is very Essential to operate any Electronic device, If you are using an Micro
controller or Development board in remote area, you could not provide continuous power
supply to the development board or micro controller board. To solve this issue we can
utilize the solar panel with battery charger.

It is capable of providing continuous power to the micro controller board.

In this Article we used Li-ion battery charger from libelium, 6V solar panel, and
Rechargeable Lithium battery 3.7V. The Li-ion battery charger board is a DC-DC converter
to provide 5V DC supply. This board has 12V solar panel input, 6V solar panel input and
mini USB input. Voltage from these inputs are fed into low drop fixed and adjustable
positive voltage regulator.
Schematic diagram

The MAX1551/MAX1555 charge a single-cell lithium-ion (Li+) battery from

both USB* and AC adapter sources. They operate with no external FETs
or diodes, and accept operating input voltages up to 7V. Here IC
MAX1551 provides typical charging current of 280mA and a voltage of about 4.2V to
the battery, though it may change depending on the battery and its state. The MAX1674
converts the 3.7V. that we approximately have in the output of the battery into the 5V. the
SquidBee mote needs to work. This device bares an output current up to 300mA, which
should be more than enough to supply the mote whatever the sensors you have added.

Interfacing Solar panel with Arduino

Connect the solar panel positive (Red) wire to the IN-6V pin of charger board and also
connect the negative (black) wire to the GND of charger board. Place the Lithium battery to
Bat + & Bat – (Be careful on terminals don’t make mistakes in polarity). Bring wire from
5V, GND ouput from the charger board and connect to 5V, Gnd pin of Arduino board, thats
all we have made solar powered Arduino board.
PROYECTO: Digital Potentiometer Arduino Interface

Variable Resistor or Potentiometer gives different range of Resistance value in circuit and
used in many applications like volume control for Audio circuit, Television, Oscillators,
Home Electrical appliance etc..,

This Article describes what is digital potentiometer? and How to interface with Arduino
board.

What is digital Potentiometer?

A digital potentiometer comes in a integrated circuit (IC) package and it mimics the
physical mechanical variable resistor or potentiometer with the help of control signals.

Digital Potentiometer MCP41xx

The MCP41XX is a single-channel digital potentiometer device and is offered in an 8-pin

PDIP or SOIC package by microchip company, the MCP41XX device is 256 – position,
digital potentiometers available in 10 kΩ, 50 kΩ and 100 kΩ resistance versions. There
is MCP42XXX available to provide two channel digital potentiometers. The wiper position
of the MCP41XXX/42XXX varies linearly and is controlled via an industry-standard SPI
interface. [find more on datasheet].

Typical digital potentiometer have High resistance value pin, Low resistance value pin and
Wiper for variable terminal and this wiper output is controlled by the digital control pins.
Here function diagram of MCP41xx is given with comparison, PB0 represents High, PA0
represents Low and PW0 represents wiper terminals. By varying the control signals we can
get different resistance value at wiper (PW0) terminal.

Arduino Interfacing to digipot MCP41xx

In this interfacing circuit an LED is taken as target device and bias to that LED is given
followed by digital potentiometer and control signals are driven by the Arduino controller.
This circuit gives different intensity level LED light output by varying the Resistance value
inside the digital potentiometer MCP41xx.

Arduino Code
#include <SPI.h>

byte address = 0x00;

int CS= 10;

void setup()
{
pinMode (CS, OUTPUT);
SPI.begin();
}

void loop()
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 128; i++)
{
digitalPotWrite(i);
delay(10);
}
delay(500);
for (int i = 128; i >= 0; i--)
{
digitalPotWrite(i);
delay(10);
}
}

int digitalPotWrite(int value)

{
digitalWrite(CS, LOW);
SPI.transfer(address);
SPI.transfer(value);
digitalWrite(CS, HIGH);
}