Copyright ASTM International 100 Bare Harbor Drive. West Conshohocken, Pennsy vania 19428, USA Distributed under ASTM license agreement by Shanghai Institue of Standardization (SIS) Tel: 86-21-64370807 ily Designation: A 27/A 27M - 08 Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application’ ‘Thc anand seo und th ed ds ginal as ton A 21/8 27M: the number msl following the designation nets the year imc soe of revo, the yer of at cs, A mri parents nat he ye at eA ‘sees pion fe ines ane cane ice the nt eis o eae This samdard has ben apped or ws by acer of he Deparment of Defoe 1, Scope* 1.1 This specitiation covers carbon steel castings for gen- eral applications that require up to 70 ksi (485 MPa) minimum tensile strength rales covered by this specification represent materials that ate suitable for assembly with oer stel castings or wrought stel parts by fusion wing. Tis not intended to imply that all these grades possess the same depree of weldability or that the same welding Techniques cam be used on all castings. tis the responsibility of the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique, 1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings are ‘covered. as indicated below. The grade and class desired shall, be specified by the purchaser. 1.21 Grade N-J—Chemical analysis only. 1.2.2 Grade N-2—Heat-treated but not mechanically tested. 12.3 Grade U-60-30 [415-205}—Mechanically tested but not heat-treated. L.24 Grades 60-30 [415-205], 65-35 [450-240], 70-36 1485-250}, and 70-40 [485-275]—Heatreated and mechani- cally tested. 1.25 Class | and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified in accordance with 9.2. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining Nor 1—The COTE fom in (we sperms may tel nowconormance with the standard 2. Referenced Documents 241 ASTM Standands:? "Thi speciation var the json of ASTM Commitee AOI on Stel Stank Sts Related Alloy and i the det report of Subcommitee AAI IS on Castings ‘Cent enn proved Oc. 1, 2108, Pulished November 200% Oriily anpoved in 1) Los previous eon approved in 2008 ap A 278 27M = 08 Vor eletensed ASTM stinlars.vet the ASTM webule asin. of contac ASTM Castor Service st vervice@aum cep For Anal Bink of AST Stondontylune information, ee othe sandr’ Decuria Summary Pop ot the ASTM wet A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mee! of Steel Products A TRQIA 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car- bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures ATSIUA T8IM Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use A 9S7/A 957M Specitication for Investment Castings. Stee! land Alloy. Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use I Testing 3. General Conditions for Delivery 3.1 Except for steel investment castings, material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure 10 ‘comply with the general requirements of Specification A 781/ A TSIM constitutes nonconformance with the specification. In ‘case of a conflict berween the requirements of this specification ‘and Specification A 781/A 781M. this specification shall pre- vail 3.2 Steel investment castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 9S7/ A9S7M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure «0 comply with the ‘common requirements of Specification A 957/A 957M consti- tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con- ‘ict between the requirements of this specification and Speci- fication A 9S7IA 957M, Specification A 9S7/A 957M. shall prevail 4. Ordering Information 4.1 Orders for material under this. specification should include the following information in proper sequence 4.1.1 Quantity, 4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2), 4.1.3 Description of the casting by pattem number or drawing, 4.14 Options in the specification, and 4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including stan- dards of acceptance. “A Summary of Changes section appears atthe end of this standard AST Internationa MAA, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West, Jonshohocken, Pennsylvani Se EIwB US ARILARSED (SIS) RUBASTURDSUR ATTA SBAE. AMM seSeaBITS/ 12079 AUR, 200007 19428, USA AMIE, 86-21-64570007Copyright ASTM Internationa. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, USA, Distributed under ASTM license agreement by Shanghai Institute of Standardization (SIS) Tel: 86 Gy a 27/0 27M - 08 TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements ‘rade NS Ho)™ Composter. Carton max Wangerese? max Steen max Sake max Phowphows mar ‘Srase 7 00800) 028 075 O80 ‘08 005 (Grace N-2 108500) 035 080 080 006 005 Gese U'6030 (415-205) 402500) 02s 075 080 008 005 Case 60:0 [415205] 403000) 030 00 580 006 005 (Grase 65:35 450-240] U0s001) 030 07 a0 06 0.08 Grave 70:36 485280] Uoaso!) 035 o7 a0 808 805 (ase 70-40 (486.275) 002501) 02 120 bao B06 005 ‘Specly Class tor Cas 2m dation ogra dengraton (ene 92) For oath ecucton of 0% % carbon Below he masmrasnspected. an mereate of 04 % manganese above he masimum spect we permit toa maximum 01.40% for Grade 7040 [485.275] and 1.00% forthe otter prades. 5. Heat Treatment 5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 [415-205], 65-35 [450-240], 70-36 [485-250], and 70-40 [485-275] shall be heat-treated by full annealing, normalizing. normalizing and fempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwise specified in the inquiry, contract, oF order, the castings may be heat-treated by any one or combination of these heat- treatments at the option of the manufacturer. 5.1.1 Heat-treuiment shall be performed after castings have ‘been allowed to cool from the pouring temperature 10 below the transformation range. ‘5.2 Fumace temperatures for heat-treating shall be regulated by the use of pyrometers. ‘6. Chemical Composition 6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to ‘chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Produet analysis tolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerances shown in Specification A 781/A 781M. When residual element chemical content is of interest to the purchaser, $S4 may be considered, 7. Tensile Properties 7.1 Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall be performed on each heat and the mechanical properties thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 2. The tension test shall be performed in accordance with ‘Test Methods and Definitions A370. TABLE 2. Tensile Requirement ‘Giace” Tonsie Ved Port Elongation Reaoston ot stergh, “mints 2 eee, ‘nn (wes) (S07), hs tba) ‘min Grade 0509) B (61S) SOD —«ae @ (15205) Gade 60-30 60(415) Soest 38 (18205) Grae 6535650850) 85,240) ro (380-240) Grace 70:96 70(485) 36280) 0 (aas.250) Grade 7040, 7068s) 4075) 0 (05275) ‘Speci Claas 1 o Case 2m aden o grade designation (ave 92) Wen il test bare are used In tenis testing ae prowded for in this spgsicabon. he gage lng 10 read seeson ameter ato sal be 4 Grado 70-0 [285-275] may be used o moe! he roquroent of Grade 70.96 [s86-250) when agreed upon Betwoon the manuaciurer and he purenaes, ASTI International MEKFFZS._ 100 Barr Harbor Drive West, Conshohocken, BLE ApALceRSepe (SIS) ARUBASTHLDALRArohm SBA Hes IZ10/12278 "AG, 200031 7.2 Test bars shall be poured in special blocks similar to those shown in Fig. | of Specification A 781/A 781M and from the same heat as the casting represented. 7.3 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treated (if required) castings or cast integrally with the castings at the producer's option 7.4 The test bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat-A%) treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as the castings they represent, When specified by the purchaser, the test bars shall be heat-treated with the castings, 7.5 Test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions shown in Fig. 4 of Test Methods and Definitions A370, with the ends machined to fit the grips on the tensile testing machine to be used. Suggested types of ends for standard round tension test specimens are shown in Fig. 5 of Test Methods and Definitions \ 370. 7.6 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be discarded and another substituted from the same heat. 7.7 When this specification is applied to investment cast- ings, test coupons and tension test specimens shall be obtained and prepared as directed in $3.2 of Specification A 732/ A 732M. Test coupons shall be heat treated as prescribed in 14, 8 Retest 81 If the results ofthe mechanical tests for any heat, lot, or A casting do not conform tothe requirements species, retest: are permived as otined in Test Methods and. Definitions AAO. At the manufactrr’s opin, caxings may be rhea treated and fetesed. When castings ate reheat ireated, they may not be reauseniizedmore than 3 times without the approval ofthe purchaser, Testing aftr reheat treatment sll onsst ofthe fll umber of specimens taken frm locations complying with the specification or order. 9. Rework and Retreatment 9.1 All wields shall be inspected to the same quality stan- dards as were used to inspect the casting 9.2 IF postweld heat-treatment is required, Class 1 must be specified along withthe grade, and the welds to e beat-teated must be defined. If postweld heat-ireatment is not required Class 2 must be specified along with the grade. 10. Keywords 10.1 castings: general application: steel 19428, USA Pennsylvania, ERM, 86-21-84370807listed below by title only a supplementary requirement shall hav‘ SI. Magnetic Particle Examination 2. Radiographic Examination 3. Liquid Penetrant Examination 4 Utrasone Examination O\s6,certiteaton 8, Marking $9. Charpy Impact Test S10, Hardness Test S12, Test Report S13, Unspecified Elements S14, Tension Test from Castings ‘881. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances for Castings Made from Mounted Patterns $51.1 Tolerances for commercial steel castings (51.1.1) ‘made from mounted patterns and the surfaces that are not to be machined shall be in accordance with Table 3. Metal match plate patterns and precise molding methods can produce closer tolerances than the values shown in Table 3. Complex casting. designs may require different permissible variations than those listed in Table 3 'S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not cover castings requiring special fixtures for gaging, or finishing castings by grinding to special tolerance gages beyond the normal requirements as listed in Table 3, ‘TABLE 3. Normally Expected Deviation of Linear Casting Dimensions from Design Dimensions Bloepant Brnersion (Ry Towranoes, mT Up 0 375) wot vee 7 rer 3107 (75 175). 2 ary ae) ver 7020 (175 0 800) ry Se) (Ove 200 100 (600102500, © S15) ASTM International MADR. Em SSACAASTD (SIS) ARUBASTHGD SEAR ATTN 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Nest, Gonshchocken. Pennsylva seht!"kmimieseamicie/ 12279 see 200007 Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, USA, Distibuted under ASTM license agreement by Shanghai Institue of Standardization (SIS) Tel: 86-21-64370807 (Gy a 2710 27M - 08 ‘SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS, A ist of standardized supplementary requirements for use atthe option of the purchaser is described in Specification A 781/A 781M. Those which are cor Additional supplementary requirements suitable for use with this specitication at the option of the purchaser arc described below. One or more of the supplementary requirements indicated below may be included in the purchaser's order or contract, When so included, the same force as if it were in the body of the specit Supplementary requirements details not fully described shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, but shall not negate any of the requirements in the body of the specification, idered suitable for use with this specitieati ‘852, Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Made from Mounted Patterns $52.1 Castings shall have gates and rivers removed in such ‘a manner that no riser or gate stub projects or a depression is, ‘made beyond or below the casting design contour in an amount that would exceed the values given in Table + TABLE 4 Gate and Riser Projection Tolerances Tier or Gate Maxima Maxman Nexans ‘mension (ri). Prajecton, —_Deprestion, erm) Dpies Gon) we =o =e rer 410. (100 10200, a6) Pr) (Over 8 220 200 to 500), ct x00) 413) (Over 20 to 30 (800 to 750, wi) 216) (Ove 30750) 5.10) 8 ‘853, Weight Deviation for Castings Made from Mounted Patterns $53.1 The allowable deviations from the average casting weight are shown in Table 5 TABLE 5 Allowable Deviation” from Average Casting Weight ‘Casing Weigh Bg) Poste Tega, evaton % Deval, pw 100 65), re 20 30 ‘rer 100 500 (5 to 290), nt 6s 50 (ver 50012 10 000 (2304840) ret 80 30 (ver 10 000 (4540) 30 25 ™ Devatons do rot apply fo ass as eased Yor design awn S84. Chemical Analysis for Residual Elements $54.1 The manufacturer shall determine the percentage of ‘elements specified as follows, using procedures specified in Specification A 781/A 781M. The chemical analysis thus de- termined shall conform to the following requirements: Copper, mae 050 Mayoagnum. max Se 025 (Chom, ma 050 $54.2 Total content of these residual elements, maximum. percent 1.00, 19428, USA BERGE. Be-21-84970007