History of masonry structures Response to the seismic events

-The Eygptian pyramids

-The Colosseum in Rome
-India’s Taj Mahal
-The great wall of Chine

- Masonry structures are not always vulnerable to earthquake

- During many seismic events, masonry buildings responded better
than RC structures

-Masonry: used for more than 6000 years

- Still many parts of world practice such construction eg. Asia,
Middle east, South America
Need for the study
- Preserve the traditional cultural construction
- Sustainable approach by utilization of local resources
- Address to the failure caused in masonry structures and provide
scientific recommendation to mitigate it
 State of arts Scientific findings
- Seismic band: To strengthen masonry structures
-Energy dissipation varies
depending upon the
material used and
configuration (Yadav et al
2018)
- Use of timber seismic
band in dry stone
-Use of steel rods, woven wire fencing, barbed wire or rough masonry building
wood batten placed horizontally or vertically was practiced by enhance the resistant by
few builders in the United states (Long, 1929) 0.11g (Wang 2018) ©Yadav et al.,2018

-Such buildings had better performance to the seismic actions.

Guidelines for EQ resistant construction
Objectives
IAEE, 1980 (International Association for Earthquake Engineering) - Understand the behaviour of seismic band in the traditional
Basic concept of seismic codes, vol 1 part II, Non engineered construction masonry building
IAEE, 1986 (Guidelines for earthquake resistant non-engineered construction)
IS 13828:1993 (Indian Standard)
NBC 203:1994 (National Building Code- Nepal)
EQ resistant Guidelines-Pakistan, 2006
EQ resistant Guidelines-Afghanistan, 2003
UNESCO Guideline, 2013 - Provide useful and relevant scientific recommendations in
particular through energy dissipation, crack control, slenderness
All these guidelines and codes have mentioned about
and their interaction
similar technique for strengthening the structure without
quantifying their performance