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Abstract
Background: Uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (UTI) are usually treated with antibiotics. However, there is
little evidence for alternative therapeutic options.
This pilot study was set out 1) to make a rough estimate of the equivalence of ibuprofen and ciprofloxacin for
uncomplicated urinary tract infection with regard to symptom resolution, and 2) to demonstrate the feasibility of a
double-blind, randomized controlled drug trial in German general practices.
Methods: We performed a double-blind, randomized controlled pilot trial in 29 German general practices. Eighty
otherwise healthy women aged 18 to 85 years, presenting with at least one of the main UTI symptoms dysuria and
frequency and without any complicating factors, were randomly assigned to receive either ibuprofen 3 × 400 mg oral
or ciprofloxacin 2 × 250 mg (+1 placebo) oral, both for three days.
Intensity of main symptoms - dysuria, frequency, low abdominal pain - was recorded at inclusion and after 4, 7 and 28
days, scoring each symptom from 0 (none) to 4 (very strong). The primary endpoint was symptom resolution on Day 4.
Secondary outcomes were the burden of symptoms on Days 4 and 7 (based on the sum score of all symptoms),
symptom resolution on Day 7 and frequency of relapses. Equivalence margins for symptom burden on Day 4 were pre-
specified as +/- 0.5 sum score points. Data analysis was done by intention to treat and per protocol. Randomization was
carried out on patient level by computer programme in blocks of six.
Results: Seventy-nine patients were analyzed (ibuprofen n = 40, ciprofloxacin n = 39). On Day 4, 21/36 (58.3%) of
patients in the ibuprofen-group were symptom-free versus 17/33 (51.5%) in the ciprofloxacin-group. On Day 4,
ibuprofen patients reported fewer symptoms in terms of total sum score (1; SD 1,42) than ciprofloxacin patients (1,3; SD
1,9), difference -0,33 (95% CI (-1,13 to +0,47)), PP (per protocol) analysis. During Days 0 and 9, 12/36 (33%) of patients in
the ibuprofen-group received secondary antibiotic treatment due to ongoing or worsening symptoms, compared to
6/33 (18%) in the ciprofloxacin-group (non significant). A total of 58 non-serious adverse events were reported, 32 in
the ibuprofen group versus 26 in the ciprofloxacin group (non significant).
Conclusions: Our results support the assumption of non-inferiority of ibuprofen compared to ciprofloxacin for
treatment of symptomatic uncomplicated UTI, but need confirmation by further trials.
Trial registration: Trial registration number: ISRCTN00470468
See Commentary http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2296/11/42
* Correspondence: igagyor@gwdg.de
2 Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, University of Göttingen,
Humboldtallee 38, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
† Contributed equally
© 2010 Bleidorn et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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groups. In particular, for the course of dysuria no differ- In regards to re-consultation with persistent or worsen-
ence between groups could be shown (Table 4). ing symptoms up to Day 4, four patients in the ciprofloxa-
Considering urine cultures on Day 7, negative urine cin group and five patients in the ibuprofen group
cultures (less than 102 cfu/ml) occurred more often in the returned during the treatment period. Most often GPs
ciprofloxacin group (23/33, 71.9%) than in the ibuprofen then prescribed one of the following antibiotics:
group (16/36, 48.5%). However, this was not significant (P trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin or cotrimoxazole. Most
= 0.093, data not shown). patients did not re-consult again, with one exception
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where the antibiotic therapy was changed again. In line On follow up on Day 28, one ciprofloxacin patient and
with the study protocol, these patients remained in their two ibuprofen patients (P = 1.0) reported a relapse. A
groups for the analysis. In total, 12/36 (33.3%) patients in total of 58 adverse events were retrieved by telephone
the ibuprofen group and 6/33 (18.2%) in the ciprofloxacin interviews, 32 in the ibuprofen group vs. 26 in the cipro-
group required secondary antibiotic treatment. This dif- floxacin group, thus including also conditions or symp-
ference was notable, but not significant within this sam- toms with no obvious association with the drug
ple size (Table 5). medication. Non-serious adverse events were reported in
both groups (11 in the ibuprofen group, 9 in the cipro-
floxacin group). Mostly common gastrointestinal disor-
ders were involved, followed by upper respiratory tract
Table 2: Symptom resolution Day 4/Day7
infections, which are likely to be coincident rather than
Ibuprofen n = 36 Ciprofloxacin n = 33 P -value related to the study treatment, and headache.
Figure 2 Symptom course Days 0 to 7. Symptom course, mean sum score (range 0 to 12) Days 0 to 7.
symptom scores at any follow-up time was insignificant tively common in healthy women [14], and is not an
and small in absolute numbers. Approximately two thirds indication for treatment in patients without particular
of patients presenting with UTI symptoms seem to risk factors [2,14,15]. Therefore, symptom control may be
recover without antibiotics. In total, one third (33%) of sufficient in a majority of cases. The surprisingly high
the patients in the ibuprofen group returned for ongoing number of patients re-consulting with persistent/recur-
or recurring symptoms within the first week. The main rent symptoms while taking ciprofloxacin (18%) could
reasons for re-consultation might have been the lack of indicate that antibiotic treatment takes a few days to
therapeutic effect or the blinded trial situation that is resolve symptoms, a fact which may have worried trial
rather unusual for patients and GPs alike. patients who did not know which drug they were taking.
Thus, our results suggest the assumption that UTI is a To our knowledge, this is the first study which analyses
self-limiting disorder in many patients. Even without whether symptomatic treatment might be a therapeutic
antibiotic treatment, symptomatic infection seems to alternative in women with symptoms of uncomplicated
heal or convert to asymptomatic bacteriuria in a substan- UTI. Christiaens et al. (2002) compared nitrofurantoin to
tial number of women. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is rela- placebo in 78 UTI patients and reported symptom
improvement/resolution rates of about 50% after three
Table 3: Total symptom course
more, in the first three days the symptom course was not
assessed. Though other authors assessed symptoms on References
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Bleidorn et al. BMC Medicine 2010, 8:30 Page 8 of 8
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/8/30/prepub
doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-30
Cite this article as: Bleidorn et al., Symptomatic treatment (ibuprofen) or
antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) for uncomplicated urinary tract infection? - Results
of a randomized controlled pilot trial BMC Medicine 2010, 8:30