A.

Title :
Synthesis Of Hexaamminecobalt(III)Chloride
B. Objectives :
Study Of Synthesis Of Hexaamminecobalt(III)Chloride
C. Litelature Review
complex compounds are very closely related to Lewis acids and bases, where the Lewis acid
base is a compound that can act as a recipient of ion free electron pairs or central atoms.
whereas Lewis is a compound that acts as a contributor to ligand electron pairs. donation of
ligand electron pairs to the central metal ion produces covalent coordination so that complex
compounds are also called coordination compounds. the formation of complex compounds is
often accompanied by striking changes in color. for example: CoCl2.6H2O crystals are pink and
turn blue with the release of H2O ligands which can be done by heating or by the addition of
acetone or absolute alcohol [7].
cobalt is a class VIII B transition metal having an atomic number of 27, an atomic mass
of 58.9332 g / mol and is located in the fourth period in the periodic table of elements, gray like
steel and slightly magnetic, fusing at 1490oC. Cobalt is easily damaged in dilute acid-base
minerals and has an oxidation number generally +2 and +3, but +2 is relatively more stable. the
cobalt electron configuration is [Ar] 3d7 4S2 [5].
in aqueous solutions of cobalt (II) compounds there is a red co2 + ion, while cobalt (II)
which is not hydrated is blue. cobalt (III) ions are unstable but the complexes are stable. Cobalt
reactions are usually studied in cobalt nitrate Co (NO3) 2.6H2O 2 M with ammonia solution. a
small amount of ammonia salt can precipitate salt [10].
The formation of the Co (II) complex is explained by valence bond theory, ligand field theory
and molecular orbital theory. based on valence bond theory, complex ion bonds occur because
ligands have free electron and atomic pairs. metals have an empty orbital [3].
Cobalt is known as a stimulant for the formation of good red blood cells. Cobalt (Co) red ions
in certain amounts are needed by the body through vitamin B12 which enters the body, humans
cannot conduct symbiotic relationships with microorganisms in the digestive tract, so they must
obtain cobaltamine from animal foods such as liver and meat [6].
particles and their distribution to adjust the Curie temperature value, saturation
magnetization and coercivity for the Co N system, were presented in this investigation. We
succeeded in changing the coercivity of the Co N material which has a higher saturation
magnetization value, namely 123.1 emu g-1, so it can assume the ideal soft magnetic system.
Such Co N systems are peak position values found at 179.8, 208.6 and 264.3 ◦ C. Co N can be
prepared by simultaneous decomposition and simultaneous nitriding of the Cobalt (III) hexa-
ammine nitrate complex, [Co ( NH3)6] (NO3)3. Production of various amine products by related
synthetic strategies has been established in the literature [2].
hexaamine cobalt chloride is used as a solid compound as a source of ammonia. Mixed
hBN: Li3N: Co (NH3)6Cl2 in the predetermined ratio of weight made in the glove box. in this work
we also use NH4F as a second catalyst together with a normal conventional catalyst, namely
Li3N. Because NH4F is deliquescent, preparation of samples with this compound is also carried
out very carefully and packaged together with other reaction loads [4].
The octahedral hexaamminecobalt (III) cation, [Co- (NH3)6]3+, functions as a strong
structural determinant component in a number of tissues, both metal / hydrogen-bonded and
bonded ligands. This section must provide two triangular triamine faces with nine NH bonds on
each side which can act as potential hydrogen bond donors. This hydrogen is almost scattered
around the central metal in spherical form and therefore, hydrogen must be the right choice as a
receptor if the opposing ion is equipped with several hydrogen acceptors. Although the
synthesis and determination of the structure of single crystalline X-rays from various complex
hexaamminecobalt (III) salts has been reported in the literature [1].
Research that has been found by inorganic scientists shows that transition metals are
metals that are widely studied and synthesized into complex compounds. This is because these
metals are inert and stable to form complex compounds with various ligands. One of these
metals is cobalt [8].
Cobalt (II) in one of the transition metals with electron configuration [Ar] 3d7 which can
from complexes. Relatively stable cobalt are as Co(II) or Co(III). But in simple compounds,
Co(II) is more stable than Co(III). Co2+ ions and hydrate ions [Co(H2O)6]2+ is stable in water. The
cobalt is possible can be formed with a veriety of ligands. In the complex formation, Co(II) must
provide as much empty orbital ligand coordinated to the central metal ion to be occupled a ione
pair of ligands [9].
D. Methode
The method used in this experiment is a deposition method of Hexaamminecobalt(III)
Chloride.
1. Experimental Tools and Material
1.1. Experimental Tools
No Name Figure tool Function Category
1. Chemical Glass
As a container of a
I
solution

2. Bath

To heat solusion II

3. Erlenmeyer
To accommodate
I
filtrate results

4. Measuring Cup
To measure the
I
volume of solution

5. Drops Pipette
To take a solusion I

6. Filter paper

The filter solution I

7. Funnel
To pour the solution
I
so as not to spill

8. Oven
To dry solid II
9. Stirring rod

To stir the solution I

10. Analytic Balance

To weigh II

1.2. Experimental Material

No Name Category Physical Properties Chemical Properties
- Density 1.92 gr / cm3 - Toxic
1. CaCl2.6H2O Specific - Molar mass 237.90 g / - Non-flammable
mol
- White crystals - Odorless
- Molar mass: 53,491 g / - It is salt from
mol ammonia which
2. NH4Cl Specific
- Boiling point 338oC dissolves in water
and is slightly acidic

- Mass : 3,21 gr/cm3 - HCl will smoke thick

o
- Melting point : -101 C in the moist air
- Ionization energy : 1250 - The gas is greenish
Kj/mol yellow and smells
Chloride Acid - Type heat : 0,115 stimulating
3. Specific
(HCl) cal/gram - Can dissolve in alkali
- At room temperature, hydroxide,
HCl is in the form of a chloroform, and ether
colorless gas - Is a strong oxidizing
- It smells sharp agent
- Colorless clear liquid - Polar solvent
Aquadest
4. General - Boiling point 100oC - Is an H+ ion
(H2O)
- Melting point 0oC associated with OH-
Hydrogen - Molar Mass : 34,0147 - Soluble in water
5. Specific
peroxide gr/mol - H2O2 chemical
 (H2O2) - Density : 1,11 gr/cm3 formul
- Melting point : -0,43oC - Corrosive
- Boilding point : 150,2oC - Not flammable

- Molar Mass : 17.0306 - Corrosive

gr/mol - NH3 chemical
Ammonia - Pungent formula
6. Specific
(NH3) - Melting point : -77,73oC - Soluble in organic
- Boilding point : -33,34 compounds
Oc
- Density 2,267 g/cm3 - Very reactive at
- Melting point : 4300- ordinary
4700 K temperatures
- Boilding point : 4000 K - Carbon is burned in
Active
7. General - Black colour air which has a
Charcoal
limited amount of
carbon dioxide
- React with fluoro

- Melting point : 0oC - Non-toxic

8. Ice Cube General
- White solid
E. Working Scheme

Start

- Dissolve 1,2 grams of ammonium chloride in 100 mL of water

- Heat until boiling and add Cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate to the mixture above
- Put the mixture into an Erlenmeyer flask containing 0,2 grams of activated
charcoal
- Cool the solution the running water
- Add 4,5 ammonia and cool it again to 10oC
- Add 2,5 mL of hydrogen peroxide slowly using a dropper pipette (slowly
shaken). Heat it for 20 minutes at a temperature of 50-60oC
- Cool using ice cubes and filter the solution

Residue

- Move residu into the 15 mL 0,5 M chloride acid boiling solution

- Heat the solution while strring and filter the solution using a funner

Filtrate

- Filter the sediment and heat the product at 110oC for 1 hour. And the crystals
formed

- Crystals are not

formed

Finish
F. Result and Discussion
1. Result

No Treatment Result

Dissolve 1,2 grams of ammonium

1 Soluble in water
chloride in 100 mL of water
Heat until boiling and add Cobalt (II)
2 chloride hexahydrate to the mixture The solution turn purple
above
Put the mixture into an Erlenmeyer
3 flask containing 0,2 grams of activated The solution becomes purple black
charcoal
4 Cool the solution the running water The solution gets cold
Add 4,5 ammonia and cool it again to
5 No color change
10oC
Add 2,5 mL of hydrogen peroxide
slowly using a dropper pipette (slowly
6 No color change
shaken). Heat it for 20 minutes at a
temperature of 50-60oC
Cool using ice cubes and filter the Filtrate : Purplish red
7
solution Residu : Black
Move residu into the 15 mL 0,5 M
8 Black solution
chloride acid boiling solution
Heat the solution while strring and Filtrate : Pink
9
filter the solution using a funner Residu :Black
Filter the sediment and heat the
10 product at 110oC for 1 hour. And the Crystals are not formed
crystals formed
2. Discussion

Complex compounds are compounds formed from metal ions that bind to covalent
coordination ligands. Cobalt is a chemical element that has a coagulant with atomic number
27, cobalt is a fragile element, hard metal and resembles an iron and nickel overhaul.
Hexaamminecobalt (III) chloride is a chemical compound with elements [Co (NH3)6] Cl3, this
compound is considered to be a bipical complex of warmer, this salt consists of cations [Co
(NH3)6]2+.
In this experiment the synthesis of the hexaamminecobalt (III) chloride complex was
carried out. Dissolve 1.2 grams of ammonium chloride with distilled water as much as 100
mL with the aim of adding aquadest to dissolve the ammonium chloride. Furthermore,
heating the solution above the bath until almost boiling, the purpose of heating is to
homogenize the solution and the resulting solution is colorless or clear.
After the heating process, cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate is added. When adding
cobalt (II) chloride to the hexagon, the solution changes from clear to colored by producing
purple in solution. The purple color in the solution is caused by the material used is purple
cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate, which causes a color change in the solution.
The solution produced was put in an Erlenmeyer flask containing 0.2 grams of
activated charcoal with a change in color from purple to purple black. Black due to the use
of activated charcoal, the function of using activated charcoal in solution is to accelerate the
reaction. Cool the Erlenmeyer flask that contains a mixture of solutions in running water to a
temperature of 10oC. After that add 20% ammonia to the solution and there is no change in
the color of the solution which should be at the time of ammonia addition 20% will change
color from black to pink which indicates the presence of NHligands3 which cause the
separation of energy levels in the orbitals that exist in the CoCl2..6H2O compound. This is
due to the influence of the color of the activated charcoal which is so black, that there is no
color change in the solution less carefully the practitioner in conducting experiments.
Then add hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the solution slowly while being shaken. The
purpose of adding hydrogen peroxide to oxidize Co2+ to Co3+, hydrogen peroxide is an
oxidizer. During the heating process there is no change in color in the solution, heating the
solution for 20 minutes at a temperature of 50-60oC by observing the changes that occur.
After the heating process, the solution is filtered using filter paper to separate between
filtrate and residue, the resulting filtrate is reddish purple and the resulting residue is black.
The resulting residue is entered into a 15 mL 0.5 M HCl which has been heated, the
purpose of heating 0.5 M HCl so that the added residue can react quickly and separate the
activated carbon which is still bound to the residue.
Next filter the solution to separate the residue and filtrate produced, when filtering the
resulting filtrate solution is pink. The resulting filtrate is soaked using ice cubes with the aim
of making it easier or faster the process of forming deposits on the filtrate, then filtering the
filtrate using filter paper. Filtered filter paper is put in an oven with a temperature of 110oC,
the purpose of oven for removing water or other unwanted substances contained in the
sediment. However, after the oven for 1 hour is not formed or absence of crystals formed
on the filter paper, this could be related to the use of H2O2 were diluted from 50% to 30%
which is not known whether H2O2 is used'm right hydrogen peroxide 50%.

Reaction :

2CoCl2.6H2O + 2NH4Cl + 10NH3 + H2O2 2[Co(NH3)6] Cl3 + 14H2O

G. Conclusion
From the experiments that have been done, namely regarding the synthesis of
hexamminecobalt (III) chloride by carrying out various work procedure steps. Crystal is not
generated or desired for the experiment that has been done, which should be formed
Hexaamminecobalt (III) Chloride Crystal.
 REFERENCE

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