MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY – ILIGAN INSTITUTE TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Submitted to: PROF. CHERLITA C. CUDAL Submitted by: LON L. GO

PERIOD/ERA PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT GREATEST

EDUCATION OR LUMINARIES EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
IMPLICATIONS
PHYSICAL
EDUCATION IN
THE PRIMITIVE
CIVILIZATION

Primitive Appreciation of - Hunting Early man and his Focused primarily on

people early man’s way of - Tilling of soil environment hunting and fishing
life for survival - Fishing - Male child was
taught to handle
- food gatherer
weapons
Historic People Survival of the - Games of chance
fittest - Games of dexterity
and skill
 Archery
 Snow snake
 Hoop & pole
(chunkee)
 Ring & pin
- Children’s game
- Game animals
- Cultivate cereals
- Female was limited to
household duties
 Basketry
 Pottery
 Weaving
 Manufacturing
of clothing,
footgear and
kitchen
utensils.
 Running races
(useful for
couriers)
- Religion
(ceremonial dance)
 PERIOD/ERA PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT GREATEST
EDUCATION OR EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
LUMINARIES IMPLICATIONS
PE IN THE
EARLY
CIVILIZATION
Wrestling
Egypt The greatest of the Military exercises Pyramids
Pyramids Archery
Fencing
Painting – on tomb wall
Chess
professional
Hunting
players
bullfights
Chinese Feudal system Valued exercise at Chin Emperor - Confucius was - Chinese
Civilization developing the warriors - built the great wall the basis of their meditation
strengths and skills education where
- fencing philosophy
guided all
-“Kung Fu”
- wrestling
- acrobatics thinking in
political science
- soccer football
and morality.
India Caste- System Yoga -“Yoga”
- A mental discipline
- Directed along 3
distinct lines
 Physical
 Mental
 Spiritual
Polo
Wrestling
Ball games

Persia Their main objective - Bow and arrow The civilizations of Polo and Freestyle
was building an - Battle axe ancient Egypt, wrestling
empire through - Running and Assyria, Babylonia,
military aggression. A Syria, Palestine and
strong army Persian
jumping
- Slinging, marching, Persia believed that
army meant a healthy the strong drive to
and physically fit pirouetting, riding,
physical education
army. hunting and
and sports would
horsemanship.
provide them a
strong and powerful
military army.
ANCIENT Herodotus -
GREECE - recognized the use of
P.E as an aid to Modern Olympic
medicine Game
Galen - stated that
P.E is a part of hygiene
and subordinate to
medicine.

Sparta Strong Will Power Male

- Ball games Aristotle - recognized - taken to elders
- Wrestling the close of his family’s
- Archery interrelationship of the tribe
- Stone and javelin body and soul and the - sickly was
throwing mental faculties can be exposed to die
- Boxing affected by poor - taught not to
- Hunting health. fear darkness
0-7 Home
-Ancient Olympic education
Games Training
7-14 state
12-14
considered the
 threshold of
manhood and
Spartan
citizenship
14-20 Ephebi =
prepared specially
for military
services
Female
If disabled, killed
- 0-7 stayed
home with
parents
- 7-18 state
Supervised
P.E. with an
Objective:
1. weight
control- the
state dictated
the type and
quantity of
food served in
 the dining
halls to insure
a trim figure
2. physical
conditioning -
overemphasizi
ng physical
and military
education
Athens Mecca of Male Plato – who Males are subject
Intellectual and - boxing subscribed to the to military training
Artistic Life - Wrestling Spartan idea of the
- Pankration survival of the fittest Paidotribe -
- Running Solon (639-559 BC) physical
- Jumping Socrates - gave education
- Discuss & javelin emphasis on the instructor
throwing importance of P.E in Palaestra - an
- Swimming attaining health in open area
- Practiced order to achieve ones suitable for
gesticulation purpose in life. Bathing and for
Served as warm up various
activity Physical activities
age :
 Episkuros - a 6 – physical
favorite game education
among Greek 10 - grammar
youths 13 – music
- Gymnastics 14 -18 sophists
18 – military
training
Gymnasiarch –
must be a wealthy
individual
- Official of the
game
Hermae - a
festival held for
boys in the
Palaestra
Sophist -
literature and
Oratory
Ancient Rome During the
Young men Republic
Run foot races Father was Baths Sauna and
Boxed responsible for Massage
 Wrestled his son’s
Discuss, javelin education done at
throw home 16-17 –
Archery (toga
Roman Baths - Theophratus - drew virilis)become a
Thermae more than 2000 full pledge citizen
students to the subject to military
- Their baths where university of Athens training in the use
combination of of weapon and
library, gymnasium, Flavius Theodesus – tactics and
garden and lecture known as Theodesus conditioning
room, and handball The Great - issued exercises
courts decrees the effectively During the empire
made Christianity the sent sons and
official state religion of daughters to
the Roman elementary school
Agustus - promoted ludus - reading,
the juvenes writing , arithmetic
Seutonius -
schools of

Literature/gramm
atists
 For secondary
Rhetoricians -
trained in oratory
and debate
Roman Women
Plebian girl –
trained in
household chores
by mother
Patrician girl –
educated at home
by a slave
-music and
dancing
-play and sing with
lyre
and lute
Physical/Military
Education
Campus Maritius
- assembly point for men
for conduct military
exercises
-served as site of festival
and games
 PERIOD/ERA PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT GREATEST
EDUCATION OR EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
LUMINARIES IMPLICATION
Dark Ages & Feudalistic Society Barbaric in Nature Charles Martel – Education for
Middle Ages Scholasticism: - Hunters implemented the knighthood.
a. Ascetism Education as an - Warriors system of Vassalage - At an early age
b. Scholasticism intellectual serve as page in
Physical Education device the castle.
c. Chivalry Discipline - Hunting - Learn the basic
d. Monasticism religious rites and
- Falconry
ceremonies
Chivalry: Education - Musicians - Become squire at
as a Social - Dancing right age
Discipline - Entertainers - The squire was
tutored at gay
(jongleurs, rope sciences like
Monasticism: dancers/ tight singing dancing
Education as a rope performers) and group games
- Was taught
moral and religious - Acrobats venery, the art of
discipline Sports and Games skinning and
- Wrestling cutting of up
game and
- Foot races falconry
- Ball games - Undergo military
- High and broad training
jumping
 PERIOD/ERA PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT
EDUCATION OR EDUCATIONAL
LUMINARIES IMPLICATION
The birth of John Wycliffe - The Humanistic
RENNAISANCE Nationalism English Theologian, Educational
- Artistic preached the doctrine Method –
expression of of domain Berthold European
thought of Schwartz, a German scholars knew only
human affairs. Monk – developed a two
practical explosive, Languages:
led to the invention of Greek and Latin.
firearms.
Quintillan - most
famous work was a
series of declamations
called the
Institutes of Oratory
- Believed that the “
the child’s first
impressions are the
lasting ones
- Opposed to corporal
punishment for
laggards.
 Everything for the Exercise and play Jean Jaques Rousseu- Education in the
The Era of people but (1712-1778)- 18th Century
Enlightenment anointing by the Games-manual arts developed many Education at this
people and direct revolutionary ideas of time is in closed
his own social, discipline.
Acquaintance with political, and For elementary
nature educational theory. grades:
-Flying of kites -Gave an imaginary -hours were long
(improves the description of a man in and boring.
coordination of hand a state of nature. -faculties were
and eye. Rabelais and Locke- drawn from
Introduced: endorsed physical gravediggers to
-Boxing education in the court clergyman.
-Wrestling for military and health -Whipping post
-Ball games reasons. were common.
-Games of hunting and Johann Basedow -Teacher carry a
war (1724-1790) rod and bundle of
-the playing of musical -developed his famous switches.
instruments method of teaching Children learn
-gymnastics through conversation readings, writing,
-horseback riding and play associated numbers and
-fencing with objects in the limited catechism
-dancing classroom. and bible selections
-swimming Johann Friedrich which they learned
-planting and Simon over and over
harvesting -instituted Greek again.
-hiking pentathlon For secondary
Johanne Friedrich Guts grades
Muths -Tutorial system
-(1759-1839)”Father of with latin grammar
Deutsche Turnverein”. -Industry
Set the pattern for the -Agriculture
German system -Commerce
-Kept record of his In Universities
students progress -Still enslaved to
-Classified exercise as Medieval theology
follows: -17th century
(1)walking and running humanism
(2)jumping, free and -Scientific and
with apparatus mathematical
(3)lifting and carrying Educational Reform
exercises of the back in France
muscles/pulling, Middle of the 18th
pushing, thrusting and century-idea of he
wrestling (4) fencing, French
(5) climbing, (6) philosophers
exercises to maintain (education should
equilibrium, or have extended to a
balancing with the aid ll citizens of the
of apparatus (7) state).
throwing and archery
(8) bathing and
swimming (9) exercises
of suppleness (10)
dancing (11) exercises
to train the senses
Heinrich Pestalozzi-
(1746-1827)
-believed in the
Philosophy “Internal
perception of the mind”
Pestalozzi-(1800)
Swiss Educator-
believed that
educational process
must go on in the
society of man.
Froebel-(1826)
published the education
of the man
-discovered the true
nature and function of
play to so guide it
naturally in the work.
Johanne Friedrich
Hervart-
(1776-1841)-based
education and the
concept that mind and
body function as a unit
and that mind was not
endowed with inborn
faculties
-the mind acquired moral
concept through
experience “good and evil
were not inherent but
depend upon what one
was taught”
Philip Emanuel Von
Fellenberg
(1771-1844)-resolved
to champion the cause
of the poor, peasants.
 PERIOD/ERA PHILOSOPHY PHYSICAL PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT GREATEST
OF ACTIVITIES OR EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
EDUCATION LUMINARIES IMPLICATIONS
PE IN OTHER
COUNTRIES

GERMANY
German System - Formalized and -Simple exercises -Friedrich Ludwig GYMNASTICS
artificial types of stunts and games in an Jahn- Father of
exercises. open air gymnasium. Gymnastics The FIFA WORLD
-body movement -Jahn appointed CUP CHAMPION
should not be vorturners or squad for the fourth
leaders, graded and
determined by time 2014
classified activities
apparatus according to age and
difficulty, and varied them
- Free exercises Different forms of to ensure a balanced and
which could be locomotion interesting program.
performed with or -devised special exercises
without apparatus. for girls and took children
on frequent hikes.
- play and exercise -Adolph Spies (1810-1858)
as an educational -Free exercises could be
method. performed with or
without apparatus.
The Recreation - its aim was Gymnastics, skating, -Emil Hartwick- a
Movement in promotion of swimming, bathing, Prussian judge and an
Germany. bodily exercise rowing, games and expert gymnast in his
festivals. student’s days at the
university of
Heidelberg and Berlin.
SWEDEN -Lindfors three -Military gymnastics -A.O LINDFORS (1781-
categories of -Pedagogical or 1847)- made a
artificial exercises. athletics gymnastics. distinction between
-Medical gymnastics “ gymnasticanaturalis”
and
“gymnasticaartificiosa”
-Develop the body -Conditioning men for PEHR HENRIK LING Provided a course
by maintaining a military services. (1776-1839)- in gymnastics and
balance between - -author of “General fencing and
antagonistic pairs Principles of published army
of muscles and by Gymnastics.” manuals on
teaching the pupil - master performer in gymnastics and
to subjugate his the art of Fencing bayonet fighting.
will to the
command of the
teacher.
Amateur Sports HERBERT SPENCER-
- VOLKSPIELE or (1820-1893)
PEOPLE GAMES -stress upon
- ARCHERY scientific education
- BADMINTON helped revolutionize
- BOWLS the curriculum in the
- CRICKET higher schools of
- HOCKEY Germany.
- ROWING
- RUGBY
- SOCCER
- SWIMMING
- TENNIS
- TRACK AND FIELD
ATHLETICS
-Gymnastics,required by -the dominant
Law in 1834, were promoters of
emphasized in schools, Gymnastics in Greece
but sports played include George Pagon,
insignificant role. Jean Fokianos, Jean
Chrysssafiss, Sotirios
Peppas, and Philipe
Karvelas
DENMARK -Football Franz Nachtegall- The European
-Gymnastics (1777-1847 A.D.)-was Championships
an early proponent and six time in a row
directly responsible for
(1984-2004) and
introducing Physical
Education in schools of winning the
Denmark. Nachtegall Championship in
was apparently 1992.
stimulated or
motivated to begin The national sport
teaching gymnastics is Football.
after reading the Guts
Muths manual of
Gymnastics.
USSR (Union -Athletics -Soviet Union
-figure skating dominated Athletics
Soviet Socialist
-long track speed skating (1952-1988)
Republic) -The USSR’s Olympic
-gymnastics
now RUSSIA performance
 PERIOD/ERA PHILOSOPHY PHYSICAL PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT GREATEST
OF ACTIVITIES OR EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
EDUCATION LUMINARIES IMPLICATION
PE in the -the beginning of Popularity of Delsartes Dio Lewis (1823- -Improvements of -African-American
United States Youth Services -Poses and even hand 1886) the health and First in Sports
of America Agencies movements. - Advocaate the physical welfare of
-the child study Dio Lewis children. -Muhammad Ali
movement Sports: System, -the exercise of the greatest Boxer
-physical education -Rowing published ten tendencies toward
-Regatta neuromuscular
or “fundamental edition of his -YMCA’s invention
-Rugby movement was still
education”. -Football game
books “the Basketball and
important to growth
-Cricket Gymnastics for and development of
Volleyball
-English Soccer Men, Women the organism.
-Fencing and Children”. -was integral part of
-Ice Hockey - the educational
-Golf Francois Delsarte process and involved
-Swimming (1811-1871) four objectives:
-Tennis
-Advocated the Organic,
-Track and Field Athletics
-Badminton Delsartean System”. neuromuscular,
-Archery His “Science of social, and
-Basketball Applied Aesthetics”. intellectual
-Gymnastics development.
-Volleyball
Baron Pierre de
Courbertin- A
Frenchman proposed
the ancient Olympic
Games be reinstated.

William Sloane-A
professor history at
Princeton University
who was a member
group to represent
the country ancient
Olympics games in
Athens in 1896.

Herbert Spencer-
(1820-1893)
-Stress upon
scientific education
helped revolutionize
the curriculum in the
higher schools of
Germany.
 PERIOD/ERA PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT GREATEST
EDUCATION ACTIVITIES OR EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
LUMINARIES IMPLICATION
PHYSICAL
EDUCATION IN
THE -the early Filipinos
PHILIPPINES -survival, -climbing trees were hardy,
enculturation and -running and jumping all adventurous, and
COLONIZATION recreation over the wide open energetic people
– PRE SPANISH spaces endowed with a
-crossing streams and vigorous and
rivers strong physique.
-hunting Valiant and
-fishing unafraid, they
-housekeeping frequently engaged
-making weapons and in battles.
tools -even in early
-worshipping times, the Filipinos
-long-distance were religious
underwater swimming people. They
-double underarm stroke performed, for
-diving of fish for pearls example, certain
 which they sold at a rituals which
profit to neighboring contributed greatly
countries to their physical
-rowing/paddling the development.
banca -dancing was a
-rituals involving various popular and
body movements and common activity
deep breathing exercise among the early
to glorify God. Filipinos: almost all
-festival dance occasions were
-worship dance celebrated by
-courtship dance dancing.
SPANISH ERA -physical and -santa cruz de mayo -the people indulged
material well-being -the feast of the only in the activities
was subordinated immaculate conception and amusements
to a wholesome -fertility dance approved and
tolerated by the
spiritual life that -dinulog or pit senor church.
looked to heaven santo nino dance -the only physical
for a reward. -easter activities allowed the
-moro-moro people were those
connected in some
way with church
affairs.
AMERICAN -health, normal -professional boxing -physical education 1901-Physical
REGIME growth, and became an established was also prescribed exercise was one
development of institution in the in the secondary of the subjects
the body as an Philippines in 1910 course as a introduced in the
efficient organism. -In 1911, an Athletic required subject in public schools and
Handbook was issued by all four years of regular program
the high school. of athletics was
Bureau of Education -a grade of 75% in developed
which was revised later physical education
in was required for 1905-Baseball and
1913 that served as the promotion in the Track Field were
guide for all forms of elementary grades introduced and
play, as well as in the taught to the
Calisthenics, and high school. young boys in
athletics in the public school.
schools.
JAPANESE -a reasonable -reading -in order to better
OCCUPATION amount of daily -phonics propagate the
exercise Is -arithmetic ideals of the
indispensable to -language greater east asia
keep your capacity -spelling co-prosperity
and endurance for -music sphere, normal
hard work. -writing institute were
-character education established.
-health education -mentors from
-physical education both public and
private schools
were given fifteen
weeks of
orientation on the
philosophy of the
new order.
-physical education
was an hour
period, two times a
week and was
emphasized in all
levels of education.
-institute organized
to promote cultural
and spiritual
rejuvenation with
physical training as
an activity.
CONTEMPO- -Healthful living in -Basketball -The U.S. Army
Engineering Corps
RARY PERIOD a wholesome -boxing
immediately set about
environment so as -shooting to reconstruct the
to be physically -Football Rizal Memorial Stadium
strong and -lawn tennis and various games
mentally fit to -golf among the different
army outfits were
meet the -volleyball played there.
requirements of a -baseball -Baseball bats and balls,
useful -cycling basketballs, nets, and
life and to make -judo other athletic
equipment were
wise use of leisure -gymnastic
donated by the
time for -shooting army both to private
self-improvement -badminton individuals and public
and for the service -weightlifting institutions.
of the community. -table tennis -Filipino players are
sent abroad to
participate in exhibition
matches and acquire
better skills.
-Various Philippine
delegations are sent to
compete in
international meets.
 PERIOD /ERA PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT GREATEST
EDUCATION ACTIVITIES OR EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
LUMINARIES IMPLICATION
PE in the 20th
Century

The Spanish- -The new idea -a fitness-type Wood, Gulick, and The Physical A trilogy of Great
American War resulted in the program Hetherington- A trilogy Education and Leaders
and First World new concept in -physical of Great Leaders. began to gain
War. physical education shortcomings momentum with
The German and called the “Natural -more health the vision and
Swedish Program”. conscious efforts of three
gymnastic men.
programs on the -games, sports,
formal side and outdoor activities,
systems more and selected
American on the gymnastics
informal side.

Progressivism An equally new -physical activities John Dewey-the Physical Education

became an integral part
approached to the -Sports and games renowned philosopher of the school curriculum
philosophy of of education in the first quarter of the
education. twentieth century.
New The playground -Teacher education Dr.Luther Gulick-was a -Establish teacher
Development of movement and its training leader in this movement education
PHYSICAL educational -health service and and became programs
EDUCATION direction. health instruction association’s first -The playground
The area of the -playground and president. and athletic
dance had become athletic movements movements
an integral part of -dramatics step dance -Gertrube Colby-worked -The recreation
Physical Education. -camping recreation in the natural dance but movements was
movement introduced folk dance added camping
Health education into education. -Dance had
on Educational integral part of
developmentalism. Harbinger-modern Physical Education
dance. like folk dance,
modern dance and
the aesthetic
dance.

World War 1 & Physical Education in - gymnastics Wood and -The most
PHYSICAL several ways: -calisthenics Hetherington-the significant one in
EDUCATION 1. the draft statistics -dance twenties the informal Physical Education
revealed the rather
deplorable physical
-sports natural program was the fall of the
condition of the advocated. systems in favor of
American male. the natural
 2. there was a return Williams and Nash- program by a need
to more formal type emphasized both school for more facilities.
program during the and college programs
war, but afterwards
and sports program. -teacher training
the sports and games
interest boomed institutions, better
more widely than leadership, and an
ever. increased time
3. the interest in allotment.
physical education.
-many states
enacting laws for
physical education
requirements.
Research and The scientific area -more researchers have McCloy, Brace, and -Its impact on other
Professional has in many ways been trained in the Cozens-who disciplines and since
Education been the means of field. spearheaded the much of that
-physical education has research has
developing scientific movement in implications in
physical education grown in prestige. the 1920’s and 1930’s.
-Status as well as in physiology,
to its present high psychology, and
know how and know-
level of sociology.
why.
acceptance and by
other disciplines International
and professions. Relations
-The Peace Corps,
The Olympics Games,
student exchange
programs, research
and study grants, and
many other forms of
international sports
competition have all
been instrumental in
their own way in
promoting
international good
will and
understanding.
PERIOD/ERA PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT GREATEST
EDUCATION OR EDCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
LUMINARIES IMPLICATION

PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
IN THE 21ST
CENTURY

Republic of Fitness and Grade 1-3

the Movement • The learner
Philippines education demonstrates
Department content is the understanding of body
of Education core of the K to awareness, space
(K-12) 12 PE awareness, and qualities of
Curriculum. It effort and movement K to 12 Physical
includes value, relationships through Education
knowledge, skills, participation in enjoyable Curriculum
and experiences physical activities.
in physical Grade 4-6
activity • The learner
participation in demonstrates
order to (1) understanding of the
achieve and importance of physical
maintain health- activity and physical fitness
related fitness through participation in and
(HRF), as well as assessment of physical
(2) optimize activities.
health. In Grade 7
particular, it • The learner
hopes to instill an demonstrates
understanding of understanding of personal
why HRF is fitness in achieving an active
important so that lifestyle.
the learner can Grade 8
translate HRF • The learner
knowledge into demonstrates
action. Thus, understanding of family and
self- school fitness in sustaining
management is an active lifestyle.
an important Grade 9
skill. In addition, • The learner
this curriculum demonstrates
recognizes the understanding of
view that fitness community fitness in
and healthy sustaining and promoting an
physical activity active lifestyle.
(PA) behaviors Grade 10
must take the • The learner
family and other demonstrates
environmental understanding of societal
settings (e.g fitness in promoting an
school active lifestyle.
community and Grade 11
larger society) • Fitness/Exercise
into Aerobic, muscle and bone-
consideration. strengthening activities
This curricular Grade 12
orientation is a • Dance
paradigm shift Traditional, contemporary,
from the ethnic, folk and social
previous sports- dances
dominated PE
curriculum aimed
at athletic
achievement.
PERIOD/ERA PHILOSOPHY PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PERSONS INVOLVED PRESENT GREATEST
OF EDUCATION OR EDUCATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
LUMINARIES IMPLICATION

PHYSICAL ASEAN with a  Physical Education is an The following are

EDUCATION unified PE integral part of school OLIVER NAPILA the concepts
ASEAN identity curriculum in Southeast GOMEZ-The Author and issues the
Concepts, Asia. With the 2015 ASEAN author believes
Methods, and integration, the region is to be significant
Practices of facing many challenges to in shaping
the 21st be able to realize its slogan Physical
Century – one vision, one identity, Education in the
Physical one community. Philippines and
Education  Our schools operate each ASEAN:
and every day moving 1. ASEAN
forward to achieve their integration
goals with a noble mission and
and ambitious vision. Physical
 Physical Education is Education
perceived to be a low 2. Physical
priority subject. PE not a Education
subject that leads to jobs. and its
Large enrollments and Ultimate
 insufficient classrooms and Purpose in
facilities. Low quality of Schools
teacher training. A closer 3. The Status
look at PE in the Philippines. of Physical
 Intrinsic motivation – the Education
key to developing as an
preference. Extrinsic Academic
motivation and the role of Discipline in
the physical educator. Philippine
 Inclusion/inclusiveness Schools and
Quality physical education ASEAN
drives inclusion 4. Preference,
Empowers girls, increases Motivation,
life chances, break down and
barriers and challenge Adherence
stigma, supports 5. UNESCO
empowerment of reasons Quality
with disabilities, and Physical
encourages intercultural Education
dialogue and understanding. 6. Technology
 Proper selection of physical and
activities means many Physical
different things: Education
-Appropriateness of the 7. Rediscoveri
physical activity with respect ng
to the age of the learners; Assessment
-accessibility of equipment and
and facilities; Achieveme
-localized physical activities nt in PE
that match the location of 8. We Need to
the school; Reshape PE
-the needs of every learners; today!
- the interest of every
learner.