Load Balancing without feature:

Dedicted: 2D/2F

Idle: sSearchRat

Load Balancing with feature Code/Power/User Threshold 40%

Soft handover overhead:

Layer priority

CE congestion: Board Addition/ 2ms UL TTI disable

UL CE: 256 DL CE: 384

Channel element is NodeB resource

HSDPA: No DL CE is consumed and the baseband resource consumption is calculated on the basis of
HSDPA codes,

RACH Failure: UL DL coverage mismatch, Weak UL coverage, interference,

Code Congestion: Traffic balancing,

HS-SCCH : No. of HSDPA schedule

Idle mode parameters tuning:

IdleSintrasearch

ConnSintrasearch

HSDPA Throughput Improvement:

64 QAM Modulation Scheme enable, NodeB Based code allocation previously enabled based on RNC,
Reduce the no. of channels HS-SCCH from 3 to 2, and increase the Max Transmission power, Reduce the
data rate for R99 “ MAXDCHNRT Rate”, MPO constant modification,

Ec/No improvemen

SRB over HSDPA

Admission control:

Accessibility,

Features:

Adaptive SRB Based on Coverage: if the coverage is good signaling being done on HSDPA or HSUPA

Intra NodeB Cooperative HSDPA Scheduling:

Power control: Open loop power control, for RACH, accessibility, no feedback
Closed loop power control: SIR Target

E-FDPCH:

DPCH: one user accommodate at a time, scheduling information

FDPCH: one FDPCH for 10 users

E-FDPCH: Synchronization issue, failure observed during demodulation.

Cell Breathing:

Handover optimization in poor coverage:

When a UE is in a weak-coverage area, even if it reports an intra-frequency measurement event (such as

1a or 1c) and indicates that some new radio links should be added to the active set, the quality of these
new radio links may be not good enough. To prevent these poor quality radio links from being added to
the active set, the RNC needs to evaluate their quality. When their quality is better than that required by
the predefined threshold, the RNC adds these radio links to the active set.

E-FDPCH in Bad Coverage: if the coverage is bad than enable DPCH otherwise just use E-FDPCH.

LDR: Load reshuffling:

Priority Based Re-Selection

SIB 19 used for Priority base reselection in UTRAN

Priority list and Eutran/Utran/Gran Frequency list includes in SIB19

3G to 4G PS Handover:
LTE Idle Mode

LTE Cell Selection

Srxlev > intraQrxlevmin (-120)

Squal > cellselQqualmin(-19)

LTE-LTE Intra Frequency Cell Re-Selection

Srxlev < intraQrxLevMin + sIntraSearch

Nrxlev > Srxlev

Above Both Criteria meet for Tre-selection (1sec)

LTE-LTE Iner Frequency Cell Re-selection

cellReselectionPriority L850=7
cellReselectionPriority L1800=6

Based on Cell Reselection Priority L850 has high priority than L1800.

 L850 to L1800)

Cell re-selection performed

Srxlev(L850)<intraQrxlevmin + Sservelow i.e -120+6=-114

Nrxlev(L1800)>intraQrxlevmin+ThreshX,low i.e -120+12=-108

 L1800 to L850

Cell re-selection performed

Nrxlev(L850)>intraQrxlevmin+ThreshX,High i.e -120+10= -110

LTE-UTRAN Re-selection
cellReselectionPriority L850=7
cellReselectionPriority L1800=6
utranReselPriority u2100=3
utranReselPriority u850=5

Srxlev(L850/L1800)<intraQrxlevmin+Snonintrasearch i.e -120+8=-112

First Check u850 as have high utran priority

Ec/No(u850)> qQualMin+ utranThrXLowQFdd i.e -18+3=-15

RSCP(u850)> qRxLevMin+ threshXLow i.e -109+12=-97

Then Check u2100 as low utran priority

Ec/No(u2100)> qQualMin+ utranThrXLowQFdd i.e -18+3=-15

RSCP(u2100)> qRxLevMin+ threshXLow i.e -109+12=-97

LTE-GRAN Cell Re-Selection

cellReselectionPriority L850=7
cellReselectionPriority L1800=6
utranReselPriority u2100=3
utranReselPriority u850=5
geranReselectionPriority=2

Srxlev(L850/L1800)<intraQrxlevmin+Snonintrasearch i.e -120+8=-112

Rxlev(2G)>qRxLevMin+ geranThreshXLow i.e -109+12=-97

Contention and Non contention:

1. Initial Access
2. Re-establishment
3. Handover (Can use Non Contention)
4. DL Data (Can Use Non Contention)
5. UL Data

Contention: MSG 1, 2, 3, 4

Non-contention: MSG 0, 1, 2

MSG 0: EnodeB assign preamble

T300 used in Random Access Procedure MSG3 Value 2000ms

Start when MSG3 sent to eNB.

 LTE Events:

Event Type Description

Event A1 Serving becomes better than threshold
Event A2 Serving becomes worse than threshold
Event A3 Neighbor becomes offset better than serving
Event A4 Neighbor becomes better than threshold
Event A5 Serving becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbor becomes better than threshold2
Event A6 Neighbor become offset better than S Cell (This event is introduced in Release 10 for CA)
Event B1 Inter RAT neighbor becomes better than threshold
Event B2 Serving becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbor becomes better than threshold2
Event C1 CSI-RS resource becomes better than threshold
Event C2 CSI-RS resource becomes offset better than reference CSI-RS resource

Intra-Frequency handover Event A3, NBR becomes better than define offset w.r.t to serving cell.
A3 Threshold for Both L850/L1800= 3dB

For Inter-frequency handover if the serving cell become worse than threshold (Event A2 performed)
then event A3 will be performed. (NBR becomes better than define offset w.r.t to serving cell)

A2 Threshold for L850 inter-Frequency= -100

A3 Threshold for L850 serving Cell= 3dB

A2 Threshold for L1800 inter-Frequency= -99

A3 Threshold for L1800 serving Cell= -3dB

For inter-RAT handover if the serving cell become worse than threshold (Event A2 performed) then
event B2 will be performed. (Serving becomes worse than threshold1 and inter RAT neighbor becomes
better than threshold2)

A2 Threshold for Both L850/L1800 = -109

B2 Threshold for LTE RSRP= -112, RSRQ =-11

B2 Threshold for UMTS RSCP= -100, Ec/No= -10

Event A5: Serving becomes worse than threshold1 and neighbor becomes better than threshold2

Event A4: Neighbor becomes better than threshold, currently we are using this event for load balancing,

A4 threshold for start of LB =-90

ANR: Switch:

RSRP threshold: -100

Detection time: 12

Success Rate: 10

Handover Success Rate: 99.4

Low handover success Rate:

PA/PB RS Power offset,

CFI: Control format indicator: Common control channel

CFI: 0 Automatic
 CFI 1 to 3 we can adjust the value, 1 control channel is assigned for control format

As we increased the value of CFI, Data channel ratio reduced and it will decrease the DL throughput.

QCI: Quality of Service Call identifier,

0 to 9, QCI:1 for Voice and QCI 9 for Data

Packet
Packet
Resource Error
QCI Priority Delay Example Services
Type Loss
Budget
Rate
1 GBR 2 100ms 10−2 Conversational Voice
−3
2 GBR 4 150ms 10 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
−3
3 GBR 3 50ms 10 Real Time Gaming, V2X messages
−6
4 GBR 5 300ms 10 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)
5 non-GBR 1 100ms 10−6 IMS Signalling
Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-Based (for example,
6 non-GBR 6 300ms 10−6
www, email, chat, ftp, p2p and the like)
7 non-GBR 7 100ms 10−3 Voice, Video (Live Streaming), Interactive Gaming
Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-Based (for example,
8 non-GBR 8 300ms 10−6
www, email, chat, ftp, p2p and the like)
Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-Based (for example,
9 non-GBR 9 300ms 10−6 www, email, chat, ftp, p2p and the like). Typically used as
default bearer

LTE Load Balancing:

4A Event use for LB Threshold (-95)

UL PRB Threshold 60%

DL PRB Threshold 60 %

Max User for LB=2

UL PRB Utilization Difference =< 2%

DL PRB Utilization Difference =< 2%

Period for Load Balancing = 30s

18 % improvement in User Throughput on L850

L850 PRB Utilization Decrease however L1800 PRB Utilization Increase after enable LB
RIM (Support for R9 UE)

Improve CST during CSFB (2 to 3 ms)

RIM information is transferred on S1 interface through Direct Information Transfer message

MME capture the URAN/GSM SI information, and use a RRC Release message to the UE.

Switch for NACC

Switch for UTRAN RIM

Number of GRAN Cells=8

Number of UTRAN Cells=16

LTE Scheduling Algorithm

1) Round Robin(RR) : The scheduler provides resources to the users without considering channel
conditions
2) Proportional Fair (PF): Main purpose of Proportional Fair algorithm is to balance between
throughput and fairness among all the UEs. If CQI is good Less PB assign and more RB assign to
Bad CQI UE.
3) Best CQI: This scheduling algorithm is used for strategy to assign resource blocks to the user
with the best radio link conditions
4) Enhanced Proportional Fair (EPF): QCI include with PF in EPF scheduling.

Logical Channel
EMLP Index Direction QCI Mapping for EMLP Scheduler Algorithm
long:[1~256];d long:0:Uplink,1:Downli long[10]:[0~255];default:1;0; long:0:EPF,1:RR,2:S
efault:1 nk;default:0 0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 PS;default:0
Evolved MLP,
multi-CQI can The scheduler
be mapped to Logical Channel This parameter is used for algorithm for the
one eMLP Direction mappting QCI to eMLP eMLP.
1 1 5;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 1
2 1 1;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 2
3 1 3;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
4 1 2;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
5 1 4;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
6 1 6;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
 7 1 7;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
8 1 8;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
9 1 9;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
1 0 5;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 1
2 0 1;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 2
3 0 3;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
4 0 2;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
5 0 4;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
6 0 6;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
7 0 7;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
8 0 8;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0
9 0 9;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0;0 0

Frequency Domain Scheduling

1) Frequency Selective Scheduling(FSS)

UL: UE send SRS Periodically, eNodeB selects the RB with good channel quality to transmit uplink
services and obtain frequency gains.

When the number of RBs to be scheduled is less than or equal to 16, frequency selection scheduling is
used. Otherwise, bandwidth scheduling is used.

DL: Downlink frequency selection scheduling is based on the sub-band CQI reported by the UE

If the RB obtained by the RB calculating module is less than 1/4 of the system bandwidth, frequency
selection scheduling is not used

2) Non-Frequency Selective Scheduling

The channel quality information of specific frequencies is unavailable in some circumstances, for
example, when a UE is moving at a high speed in the environment of high Doppler frequency shift, or
VoIP with low traffic

RBs allocated to subscribers are selected from idle RBs beginning with the system low-frequency.

Downlink PRB Random Allocation

Step 1: The cell generates a random integer N (N = RAND).

Step 2: Determines the RB starting position of the cell according to mode (N, 3).

Step 3: Allocates the RB position

Uplink PRB Random Allocation

Step 1: Plan the cell as a type A, B, or C cell by PCI.

- Type A cell: Start allocation from the lowest RB.

- Type B cell: Start allocation from 1/3 RB of the bandwidth.

- Type C cell: Start allocation from the highest RB.

Step 2: Determine which type the local cell belongs to according to the relevant calculation rules, and
calculate the initial PRB position of the cell.

Step 3: Allocate RBs from the initial PRB position.

GSM/LTE Dynamic Bandwidth Extension (DBE)

Hardware
C-SON server is needed.

KPI Pre Post Delta

LTE1800 Data Payload 1463 1714 251
Peak Active State User Number 4695 5041 346
DL User Throughput (Mbps) 4.38 5.29 0.91
Call SetUp TCH Blocking 0.18% 0.18% 0.00%
Call Setup Success Rate 97.89% 97.69% -0.19%
TCH Drop Rate 0.36% 0.36% -0.01%
MPD 497.9 488.72 -9
Avg Call Drops on 900 Band 28825 28309 -516
Avg Call Drops on 1800 Band 21430 21520 90
DL RQ (0~3)% 91.69% 91.27% -0.42%

This feature provides the following benefits on the network performance:

• The efficiency of spectrum resources of GSM and LTE can be obviously improved.

• Customer experience will be better.

This feature also has some negative effects on following performance:

• When traffic changed suddenly, SDCCH, TCH congestion and assignment successful rate will be
worse

• TCH drop rate maybe become worse slightly; For PS service, TBF drop is also affected.

• GSM RxQuality will be worse slightly

1800 Band (44 ARFCN) (DL 1819.8 to 1828.6 UL 1724.8 to 1733.6) 8.8 MHz

586,587,589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,600,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608.609,610,
611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629

L1800 Band Reform (15 ARFCN) (DL 1822.8 to 1825.8 UL 1727.8 to 1730.8) 3MHz

600,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614

DBE Band (10 ARFCN) (DL 1820.8 to 1822.6 UL 1725.8 to 1727.6) 2 MHz

595,596,597,598,599,615,616,617,618,619

1800 DCS Dedicated Band (19 ARFCN) 3.8 MHz

586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629

Parameters:

Bitmap of GSM/LTE Spectrum sharing

Each day can choose hours for DBE

ARFCN in GSM/LTE Spectrum sharing

595,596,597,598,599,615,616,617,618,619

Number of Cells can tolerate High Load for share Spectrum =90

The Cell Load threshold of GL spectrum releasing = 70%

Above both parameters use for spectrum release from GSM for LTE during DBE window, 70% of 5.8 MHz

Number of Cells with high load for Take Back frequency =100

The Cell Load threshold of GL spectrum recover = 85%

Above parameters use for spectrum take back from LTE for GSM during DBE window, 85% of 3.8MHz