THE ROLE OF ECOMOG IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND PEACE

KEEPING OPERATIONS IN WEST AFRICA. THE CASE STUDY OF

LIBERIA AND SIERRA LEONE 1989-2012

CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

The Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group

(ECOMOG) was formed due to the determination of West African Leaders to

foster peace and stability for progressive economic and bilateral relationship

among member states. Almost became an optical illusion with the protracted

Liberian crisis which degenerated into brutal civil war in 1989.1

In other to curtail the Security problem in Liberia which was literally

neglected by the international community – the leaders approved standing

mediation committee and the cease fire monitoring group (ECOMOG) which

were set-up on 7th August, 1990 in Banjul and in the Gambia. The approval of

ECOWAS cease fire monitoring group (ECOMOG) and its deployment to

Liberia attracted sharp criticism from various quarters especially the

Francophone countries which described it as direct intervention in the Internal

Affairs of Liberia.

However, to a large extent the situation in Liberia with gross

humanitarian abuses by the combatants without the attention of the international

community precipitated (ECOMOG) intervention.

 This opposition within the ECOWAS made peace keeping operation and

restoration of peace and security in Liberia complex and elongated.2 The

formation or establishment of ECOMOG was carried out in sub-region of West

Africa which include: Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Gambia to mention but a

few.

The sole aim of the organization was to delineate or indicate precisely the

emerging trends, challenges and problematic of inter-West African Sub-regional

approach to conflict management and to point the way forward by way of

conflict prevention or resolution strategies.3 It identifies Nigeria as the sub-

regional “hegemony” or “Octopus” in terms of being the main contributor of

most force commanders troops, equipment and fundings.

ECOMOG as an Organizational body continued to exist and function as a

result of the persistent crisis or conflict in West Africa.

1.2 Statement of Problem

The military missions that ECOMOG has carried out since it came into

existence in 1990 may be categorized as follows: Intervention, peace

enforcement and peacekeeping. The terms and nature of operations in each

category are briefly discussed below, along with the key aspects of community

relations, peace building, and command and control.

ECOMOG intervention missions have involved combat action against

insurgents or factions which resist the authority of the demure government.

Such intervention missions are aimed at securing a cease-fire, creating a

conducive atmosphere for negotiations and the protection of non-combatants

through establishment of safe havens……………………................

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