Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Mariana Sanchez-Hernandez
P.R.I.D.E Program
8TH GRADE
Thalidomide was a commonly used drug in the 1950s and early 1960s.
Thalidomide is a treatment for nausea in a pregnant woman. In the 1960s,
thalidomide treatment resulted to cause malformations in thousands of children.
Some countries continued to provide access to thalidomide for a couple of years
after. The effects of thalidomide attributed to many illnesses such as congenital
heart disease, malformations of the inner and outer ear, and ocular
abnormalities. The thalidomide tragedy marked a turning point in toxicity
testing.
Josef Warkany, one of the founders of Teratology Society, studied the
effects of thalidomide. Josef doubted that thalidomide was responsible for the
epidemic of limb defects. His reasoning was that rat experiments had not
produced comparable malformations. As the process went on, the examination of
the PubMed literature database revealed a bimodal pattern in the number of
citations containing thalidomide. As a result of the thalidomide tragedy in the
1960s, there was a steady number of publications in that decade. Because of the
ban in its use, interest in thalidomide waned in the 1970s and 1980s. Publications
began increasing in the latter half of the 1990s and increased dramatically in the
last 10 years.
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In 1998, thalidomide was approved by the U.S Food and Drug
Administration for the treatment of leprosy and for multiple myeloma. Studies
are still ongoing to evaluate the effectiveness of thalidomide in the treatment of
other diseases. Although thalidomide inhibits angiogenesis, it could be used to
treat human diseases that are dependent on angiogenesis.
Toxicologists have held that “All substances are poisons; there is none
which is not poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy.” For
reproductive toxicology, this tenet needed to be modified with consideration of
the exposure period. Later on, in the early 1960s, it was recognized that the
timing of exposure was as important as dose for teratogenic effects.
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Because thalidomide is useful in the treatment of serious diseases, it is
possible that this product will continue to be used in therapeutics until safer
alternatives are available. Prevention to exposure of pregnant women to this
drug is continuing challenge, some parts of the world have access to the drug in
less restricted than in the United States.
Reference: https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article/122/1/1/1672454
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