QUESTION BANK

OF

GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS.

(Course No.VOG-421)

Department of Animal Reproduction,

Gynaecology and Obstetrics,
Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences
University,
Nagpur-6

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 A) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION:

1. Uterus is --------shaped in mare

a) T b) Y c) V d) I

2.Uterus is----------shaped in bitch

a) T b) Y c) V d) s

3.Uterus is---------shaped in cow

(a)T (b) Y (c) V (d) I

4.In case of mare ,ovary present a notch called--

(a) ovulation fossa (b) infundibulum
(c) equinotch (d) ovulation groove

5. In ----------ovaries are bean shaped.

(a) bitch (b) cow (c) mare (d) sow

6. In----------- ovaries are mulberry shaped .

(a) bitch (b) cow (c) mare (d) sow

7.In-----------ovaries are almond shaped .

(a)bitch (b) cow (c) mare (d) sow

8.In ----------ovaries are covered with ovarian bursa.

(a)bitch (b) cow (c) mare (d) sow

9.The cornua of uterus is tortuous in----------

a)bitch (b) cow (c) mare (d) sow

10. Caruncles are present in uterine horns of --------

a)bitch (b) cow (c) mare (d) sow

11. ______ number of caruncles are present in uterine horns of cow.

(a) 40 –50 (b) 70- 80 (c)100- 120 (d) 20-30

12. ______ number of caruncles are present in uterine horns of ewe.

(a) 40 –50 (b) 70- 80 (c)100- 120 (d) 20-30

13.Intercornual ligament is present in ------------------------

(a) cow (b) bitch (c) cat (d) sow

14. Broad ligament is attached to ------------curvature of uterus in mare.

(a) middle (b) central (c) greater (d) lesser .

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15. Broad ligament is attached to ------------curvature of uterus in cows.
a) middle b) central c) greater d) lesser

16. Age of puberty in mare is ----------- months.

(a) 30-36 (b) 18-24 (c) 12-15 (d) 3-4

17. -----------is reached at puberty but --------------increases with age of

dam up to maturity.
(a) fertility, fecundity. (b) infertility , sterility
(c ) anoestrus ,pyometra (d) follicular cyst ,luteal cyst.

18. -------------are short day breeders.

(a) cats (b) mares (c) sows (d) sheep

19. -------------are long day breeders

(a)cats (b) mares (c) sows (d) sheep

20. Age of puberty in cow is------- -months.

(a) 30-36 (b) 18-24 (c) 12-15 (d) 3-4

21. Age of puberty in buffalo is------- -months.

(a) 24-28 (b) 15-20 (c) 12-15 (d) 3-4

22.Age of puberty in ewes is------- -months.

(a)30-36 (b) 19-24 (c) 8-12 (d) 3-4 .

23.Age of puberty in does is------- -months

(a)30-36 (b) 19-24 (c) 12-18 (d) 3-4

24.Age of puberty in sows is------- -months

(a)30-36 (b) 18-24 (c) 12-15 (d) 8-9

25. Age of puberty in bitch is------- -months

(a) 30-36 (b) 18-24 (c) 9-18 (d) 3-4

26. Duration of oestrus in cow is ---------hours .

(a)12-24 (b) 1-3 (c) 24-48 (d) 40-72 .

27. Duration of oestrus in mare is ---------days .

(a) 4-7 (b) 1-2 (c) 24-48 (d) 12-15

28. Duration of oestrus in bitches is ---------days

(a) 9-10 (b) 12-24 (c) 24-48 (d) 2-3

29.Duration of oestrus in sows is ---------days

(a) 4-7 (b) 12-24 (c) 24-48 (d) 2-3

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30. Silent oestrus generally seen in ------------
(a) queens (b) bitch (c) buffaloes (d) ewe

31.Oestrus lasts for ----days in ewe.

(a)12-24 (b) 1-2 (c) 2-3 (d) 6-8

32. Duration of oestrus in does is----------hours.

(a)12-24 (b)1-2 (c)40-48 (d) 90-100

33.Duration of oestrus cycle in cow is ---------days.

(a)19-23 (b)40-42 (c)14-15 (d)30-35

34.Duration of oestrus cycle in sows is----------days.

(a) 18-23 (b)40-42 (c)14-15 (d)30-35

35.Duration of oestrus cycle in mare is----------days.

(a)19-23 (b)40-42 (c)14-15 (d)30-35

36.Duration of oestrus cycle in does is----------days.

(a) 15-23 (b) 40-42 (c) 10-15 (d)30-35

37.Duration of oestrus cycle in ewes is----------days

(a) 14-19 (b) 40-42 (c) 10-15 (d)30-35

38. In ----------------oestrus, ovulation occurs but overt symptoms of oestrus

are not seen.
(a) quiet (b) covert (c) aberrant (d) silent .

39.The -------------phase of oestrus cycle comprises of metoestrus &

dioestrus.
(a)middle (b) follicular (c) luteal (d) end

40. The ----------- phase of oestrus cycle comprises of pro-oestrus & oestrus.
(a)middle (b) follicular (c) luteal (d) end

41. In cattle ovulation occurs on an average--------hours after end of heat

symptoms.
(a) 24 (b) 48 (c)12 (d)36

42.Fertile life of ovum & sperm in genital tract is -----------& -----------life in cervix.
(a)0 ,2 hours (b) 2-8hours ,36-48 hours (c) 12-24 hours ,60-72 hours.

43.In ------coitus is essential for ovulation.

(a)cow (b) cat (c) bitch (d)ewe

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44. In Cattle ovulation occurs on an average 12 hours after ________ of heat
symptoms
a) End (b)starting (c) mid

45.In ewes ovulation occurs at __________ hours after starting of oestrus

a)24 (b) 86 (c) 2 (d) 90

46. In bitches ovulation occurs at ________ days after starting of oestrus

(a) 6-7 (b)8-10 (c)2-3 (d)10-12

47 In mares ovulation occurs ________ days before end of oestrus.

(a) 6-7 (b) 8-10 (c) 2-3 (d) 10-12

48 When fertilization is carried out by more than one sperm it is called

_______________ .
(a) polyspermy (b)multispermy (c)twining (d)dualspermy

49 Proliferation of the endometrium occurs under the influence of

__________
(a)oestrogen (b)oxytocin (c) FSH (d) progesterone

50 Gestation period of mare is _________ days

(a)320-326 (b)338-340 (c)280-290 (d)115-120

51 Gestation period of dog is approximately _________ days.

(a) 50-52 (b) 61-63 (c) 30-32 (d) 75-78

52 Gestation period in pig is _________ days.

(a) 95-100 (b) 145-148 (c) 112-116 (d) 61-63

53 Gestation period of cat is _________ days.

(a)36-42 (b)56-65 (c)70-80 (d)85-95

54 Gestation period of cow is __________ days.

(a)280-290 (b)365-368 (c)350-355 (d)340-345

55 Gestation period of buffalo is ________ days.

(a) 310-315 (b) 365-368 (c) 350-355 (d) 340-345

56 Gestation period of sheep and goat is ________ days.

(a) 336-340 (b) 36-45 (c) 145-150 (d) 245-230

57 Zonary placenta is seen in_______ species.

(a) canine (b) equine (c) bovine (d) rodents

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58. Placenta secretes mainly ----------hormone.
( a)Progesterone (b) oxytocin (c) PMSG (d)FSH

59.Placentophagy is not seen in _________

(a)cat (b)cows (c)mare (d) sow

60.In mares ________ type of placentation occurs.

(a)discoid (b)diffuse (c)cotyledonary (d)zonary

61.Epitheliochoral type of placenta is seen in ________

(a)equine (b)bovine (c)ovine (d)canine

62 During second half of pregnancy progesterone is produced by the placenta in

__________
(a)equine (b)ovine (c)caprine (d)bovine

63.All domestic animals except mare may eat placenta and this is called as
____________
(a) placentophilia (b)placentation (c)placentophagy (d)placentopathy

64.In ----------- ,placenta is restricted to a portion of the gravid horn.

(a)primipara (b)pluripara (c)multipara (d)unipara

65.Syndesmochorial is the type of placentation found in ---------

(a)mare (b)bitch (c)cow (d)mare

66. In ----------- placenta occupies both the horns.

(a)primipara (b)pluripara (c)multiparous (d)unipara

67 Cuboni test is the chemical test used for the detection of pregnancy in .---
(a)cat (b)mare (c)cow (d)bitch

68 The key hormone for maintenance of pregnancy is -------------- .

(a)oestrogen (b) progesterone (c)FSH (d)LH

69 Fremitus can be felt at the------- month of gestation in cow.

(a)1st (b)2nd (c)3rd (d)4th

70 PMSG is secreted by ----------- in mares.

(a)endometrial cups (b)placentome (c)foetus (d)ovaries

71 PMSG is secreted between -------- days of gestation in mares.

(a) 50-120 (b) 10-20 (c) 200-220 (d) 150-180

72 Placentomes can be felt from ---------- month of gestation in

cattle.

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 (a)1 (b)5 (c)4 (d)8

73.A few days before parturition there is relaxation of ----------

ligament.
(a)sachrosciatic (b)iliosacral (c)sacroilial (d)ischial

74 In bitches lochia is of greenish colour due to _________ .

(a)biliverdin (b)bilirubin (c)uteroverdin (d)urobilinogen

75.In case of mare, hony like drop and secretion appearing at teat before
foaling is called ----------
(a)colustrum (b)weaning (c)waxing (d)preparturition dew

76. During second stage of parturition, presence of foetal membrane in

vagina initiates reflex Contractions of abdominal muscles and diaphragm
of cow and this is called as ----
(a)fairfield reflex (b)peterson,s reflex (c)cuboni,s yellow (d)fergusson
reflex

77 In bitches pulse and respiration rate rise where as temperature drops

to_______ 24 before whelping.
(a)98-99 (b)95-96 (c)101-102 (d)94-95

78 In the first stage of parturition, uterine contractions occur at every_______

minutes and last for 15-30 seconds in the initial stage.
(a)10-15 (b)20-25 (c)30-40 (d)2-3

79 In mare, umbilical cord shows pulsation up to ____ minutes after foaling

and if broken immediately 400-1500 ml of blood is lost.
(a)3 (b)9 (c)5 (d)20

80. In ______ lochia is of greenish colour due to uteroverdine.

(a)cow (b)sow (c)bitches (d)mare

81.In bitches, pulse and respiration rate rise where as temperature drops within
______ hours before whelping.
(a)24 (b)36 (c)48 (d)72

82.-------------------is responsible for follicular development.

(a) LH (b) FSH (c) progesterone (d) HCG .

83.------------is the only source of progesterone during early pregnancy.

(a) CL (b) endometrium (c) ovary (d) pituitary gland .

84. ------------used for heat synchronization in cows.

(a) PGF2alpha (b)PMSG (c) LH (d) FSH.

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85. ----------hormone is required for maintenance of pregnancy.
(a) LH (b) FSH (c) Progesterone (d) HCG .

86. A surge of ----------is required for induced ovulation .

a)FSH (b) Progesterone (c) LH (d) Oestrogen.

87.----------treatment is used for superovulation.

(a) HCG (b) PGF2 ALPHA (c) LH (d) FSH

88.PMSG has ----------like activity .

(a) LH (b) FSH (c) Oxytocin (d) P rogesterone

89. HCG has ------- like activity

(a) LH (b) FSH (c) Oxytocin (d) P rogesterone

90. In Trichomoniasis abortion -----------is the cardinal sign.

(a) pyometra (b) anoestrous (c) repeat breeding (d) CCF

91.Early embryonic deaths are recorded in ----------

(a)Brucellosis (b)Campylobacteriosis (c) Leptospirosis (d) Listeriosis

92.Undulating fever in man is caused by-------organism.

(a) Leptospira icterohaemorhigea (b) Brucella anthrasis
c) Brucella canis (d) Brucella meliteanus

93.In Leptospirosis abortions are noted during ----------months of gestation

In cow.
a)6-8 (b) 4-6 (c) 1-3 (d) 3-5

94.In Brucellosis ,abortion in cow is seen during -----months of pregnancy.

(a) 6-8 (b) 4-6 (c) 1-3 (d) 4-5

95.CL. Of pregnancy is called -----------------

(a) CL verum (b) CL positive (c) CL devious (d) CL spurium

96.Follicular cysts produces ---------hormone.

(a) Progesterone (b) Oestrogen (c) Relaxin (d) Oxytocin

97.Follicular cysts produces symptoms of-----------

(a)Nymphomania (b) Silent heat
c) Pseudo-pregnancy (d) Abortion

98. The cyclical CL is called --------------

(a)CL verum (b) CL positive (c) CL devious (d) CL spurium
99. ----------is the cardinal sign of luteal cyst.
(a)Nymphomania (b) Silent heat

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 (b) Pseudo-pregnancy (d) Anoestrus

100.Luteal cysts produces ----------hormone .

(a) Progesterone (b) Oestrogen (c) Relaxin (d) Oxytocin

101.Deficiency of -----------hormone causes cystic ovaries.

(a) Progesterone (b) Oestrogen (c)LH (d) FSH

102.In follicular cyst ------------- is a drug of choice

(a)LH (b)oestrogen (c)oxytocin (d) FSH

103. In luteal cyst --------is the drug of choice

(a)PGF2alpha (b)oestrogen (c) oxytocin (d) FSH

104.A serious fluid accumulation in the uterus is---------------

(a) Pyometra (b) Dropsy (c) Mucometra (d) Endometritis.

105.A repeat breeder cow has failed to settle \ conceive after services \
Insemination during --------consecutive oestrus periods.
(a) 1 or more (b) 3 or more (c) 5 or more (d) 4 or more

106. Granulosa cell ovarian tumor produces symptom of--------

(a)Nymphomania (b) Silent heat
(c) Pseudo-pregnancy (d) Abortion

107. -----------denotes reduced fertility.

(a)Infertility (b) Sterility (c) Pseudopregnancy (d) Nymphomania

108. --------denotes complete & permanent failure of reproduction.

(a)Infertility (b) ) Sterility (c) Pseudopregnancy (d) Nymphomania

109. In general, the more prolonged the dystokia, the more _________is the
prognosis.
(a)favorable (b)grave (c)positive (d)fair

110. Foetal emphysema causes ________ foetal oversize.

(a)absolute (b)slight (c)pelvic (d)relative

111. In multiparous animals, reduction in litter size may result in dystokia due
to__________.
(a)foetal oversize (b)foetal emphysema (c)foetal dropsy (d)foetal
monstrosities

112 During _________ in relieving dystokia, staining action of dam should be

utilized as an aid where as in the treatment of __________ same shoud be

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 avoided.
(a)traction,prolapse (b)foetotomy,prolapse (c)caesarian,traction (
d)prolapse,traction

113. In dog seating posture __________ limbs are retained under the body.
(a) all four (b)fore (c)hind (d)no

114. Uterine torsion is rare in _________ pregnancy.

(a)single (b)bovine (c)twin (d)surti buffalo

115. Majority of uterine torsion occur in early part of __________ of labour.

(a)first trimester (b)second stage (c)first stage (d)third stage

116 In unipara both horns are involved in uterine torsion because of the
presence of _________ ligament.
(a)inter cornual (b)sacral (c)ilial (c)pelvic

117 In rolling of the dam technique to relieve torsion the dam is rolled in the
_________ direction of torsion.
(a)opposite (b)same (c)north (d)south

118 In clock wise torsion, the ________ broad ligament goes on to the ventral
side while in anticlock wise torsion the right broad ligament goes on the
_______ side.
(a) right , dorsal (b) ventral , right (c) left , ventral (d) left , dorsal

119 Bandl,s contraction rings are seen in ________ uterine inertia.

(a) secondary (b)early (c)late (d)primary

120 Over distention of uterus causes _________ uterine inertia.

(a)secondary (b)early (c)late (d)primary

121 In immature heifers, dystokia usually occurs due to __________ foetal

over size.
(a)absolute (b)slight (c)pelvic (d)relative

122 In breech presentation ___________ limbs are retained under the body.
(a)all four (b)fore (c)hind (d)no

123 The common site of uterine torsion is_____________.

(a)post cervical (b)pre cervical (c)uterine (d)horn

124 The incidences of uterine torsion is more in _________.

(a)buffaloes (b)mare (c)sheep (d)sow
125 The incidences of uterine tortion is rare in ___________.
(a)buffaloes (b)mare (c)sheep (d)sow

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126 Obstetrical chains are used for applying __________ for relieving
dystokia.
(a)repulsion (b)retropulsion (c)traction (d)foetotomy

127 _________ are mutation , forced traction , foetotomy , caesarian

section.
(a)obstetrical monoeuvres (b)obstetrical chains (c)obstetrical
management (d)obstetrical measurment
128 ____________ is carried out by repulsion , rotation , version , extension
& flexion .
(a)mutation (b)traction (c)foetotomy (d)maceration

129. To correct ---------------it should be converted to carpal flexion

(a) Shoulder flexion (b) hiplock condition (c) breech (d) post.
Presentation

130. Bisection of foetal pelvis may be undertaken in------------position &

posterior presentation.
(a) hiplock (b) wry neck (c) breech (d) dorsoilial

131. In---------------presentation foetal axis is parallel to that of dam .

(a) longitudinal (b) anterior (c) posterior (d) transeverse

132. In-------------- presentation is downward deviation of the head of the

foetus
(a) Posterior (b) dropped dam (c) cricked neck (d) wry neck

133. In transverse presentation ,position may be---------------or-----------------.

(a) dorso-pubic , dorso-iliac (b) cephalo-sacral , cephalo-iliac

134.To correct bilateral flexion, it should be converted to -------------- flexion.

(a) bilateral shoulder flexion ( b) hiplock condition (c) hock
(d) poll presentation.

135.In------------presentation foetal axis is perpendicular to that of the dam.

(a)longitudinal (b) anterior (c) posterior (d) transverse.

136.Lateral deviation of the head of foetus is known as ---------------.

(a) poll (b) dropped dam ( c) cricked neck (d) wry neck .

137. Death of foetus in a sterile uterus ,usually leads to a condition of called-------

.
(a)maceration (b) dropsy (c) monster (d) mummification.
138. In cows ,when twins of different sexes grow in a common atlanto-chorion

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 during intra –uterine development the female is ueually sterile & is known
as ---------------.
(a) free martin (b) free male (c) cryptorchid (d) de- martin
139. Hypoplasia/ aplasia of spinal cord is the primary abnormality of ------- foetal
monster.
(a)Perosomus elumbis (b) double (c) amorphous (d)Schistosoma
reflexes.

140.In cows ,when twins of different sexes grow in a common atlanti-chorion

during intra –uterine development,the --------usually sterile &known as
free martin.
(a) female (b) male (c) cryptorchid (d) de- martin

141. Acute angulation of vertebral column of foetus is--------- Type of foetal

monoster.

(a)perosomus elumbis (b) Amorphous (c) Schistosoma reflexes (d)

Double

142. The two types of mummification are -----------&---------------.

(a)Haemorrhagic ,Gelatinous (b) Haematic ,Papyraceous
© Gelatinous, ,Papyraceous

143. The haematic type of mummification is common in -------.

(a) bitch (b) mare (c) pig (d) cow .

144. The papyraceous type of mummification is common in------

(a) bitch (b) mare (c) pig (d) cow

145.In unsuccessful abortion ,when the foetus undergoes gradual autolysis

until only a compact mass of foetal bones is left it is called ----------------
(a) mummification (b) emphysema (c) maceration (d) still

146. Herniation of uterus is called ------------------------.

(a) hysterocoele (b) blastocoele (c) cystocoele (d) uterocoele

147. Aplication of rope truss to vulva is one of the treatment for---------

In cows & buffaloes.
(a)hysterocele (b) prolapse (c) cystocele (d) nymphomania

148. Selenium deficiency is usually observed in newborn -------------.

(a) piglet (b) pup (c) calf (d) lamb.

149. Herniation of bladder is called ---------------.

(a) hysterocoele (b) blastocoele (c) cystocoele (d) uterocoele

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150. Abortion is invariably accompanied with retention of placenta in-----------.
(a) Brucellosis (b)Vibriosis (c) Trichomoniasis

151. In Vibriosis cardinal sign is ------------------------.

(a) Early embryonic mortality (b) Early abortion (c) Mid abortion

152.incidence of_____ dystokia is 25 percent while that of -----dystokia is 75%

a)maternal, fetal b) fetal, maternal c) anterior, posterior d) verticle,
horizontal.

156. __________ presentation is downward deviation of head of fetus.

a) poll b) dropped dam c) cricked neck d) wryneck

B) STATE TRUE OR FALSE :

1. In breech presentation extraction of foetus is possible without correcting the

defects of the foetus. False.

2.Uterine torsion is more common in mares and not common in cows.

False.

3. Uterine torsion is commonly seen in early gestation. False.

4.Uterine inertia is common in bitches, cats and porcines. True.

5. Obstetricians hands are the best instruments to relieve dystokia. True.

6. Ovulation occurs after coitus in cats. True.

7.Gestation period of sow is 150 days. False.

8. Ovulation is spontaneous in cow. True.

9. Bio-synthesis of hormones is one of the functions of placenta in farm animals.

True.

10. Zonary type of Placentation is seen in mare and sow. False.

11.In cattle right ovary is more active than left. True.

12.Fremitus is the gushing pulsation (thrill) felt in pregnant animals after the
fourth month of gestation by feeling the external iliac artery. True

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13. Ovulation in cows occurs before end of oestrus. True.

14.The drug of choice for luteal cyst in cows is PGF2alpha. True

15.Uterine torsion is more common in mares and not common in cows. False

16.Placentophagy is common in mares. False

17.Sheep is a short day breeder. True

18.Uterine torsion in commonly seen in early gestation. False

19.It is the dam that initiates parturition and foetus decides the time of the
parturition. False

20.Irregular oestrous cycles are the cardinal sign of Trichomoniasis.False

21.FSH is secreted by anterior pituitary. True

22.Pregnancy corpus luteum is known as CL verum. True

23.In parturient mare “Waxing” is seen 48 hours before parturition. True

24.Rotation of foetus to dorso-sacral position occurs just before parturition in

mares. True

25.Drop in rectal temperature is cardinal sign of approaching parturition in

bitches. True

26.Deficiency of LH causes delayed ovulation in buffaloes. True

27.Lower level of progesterone causes threatened abortion in cows. True

28.Obermeyer’s hook is used to carry out repulsion of foetus. False

29.Three way Foley’s catheter is used for non-surgical embryo recovery in cattle.
True

30.Gestation period of sow is 150 days. False

31.In buffaloes if foetal membranes are not expelled within 8 to 12 hours they re
considered as retained. True

32..Freemartin calf is always sterile. True

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33.Silent oestrus is common in buffaloes. True

34.Aschrim zonodac is the biological test used for detection of pregnancy in

mare. True

35.After parturition mare usually eats placenta. Fasle

36.Zonary type of placenta is seen in mare and sow. False

37.Forcible manipulation during per rectal palpation of cow may lead to rectal
hemorrhage. True

38.HCG is used for treatment of pyometra in farm animals. False

39.Obermeyer’s hook is used to carry out foetotomy in cows. False

40.Caserean section is performed when the uterine torsion is more than 360 0 in
cow. True

41.DPBS with 20% heat inactivated serum is used as flushing medium during
embryo collection in goats. True

42.Cyclical copurs luteum is known as C.L. verum. False

43.In cattle right ovary is more active than left. True

44.Split oestus is associated with corpora lutea. False

45.Reduced fertility is called as sterility .False

46.Douching of the uterus is not advocated in bovines. True

47.FSH is secreted by hypothalamus in cattle. False

48.Waxing is seen in parturient mares. True

49.Nymphomania is associated with luteal cysts. False

50.Hypothalamus regulates pituitary activity. True

51.Cervical canal of cow and mare is same. False

52.Extra uterine pregnancy always terminates in abortion. True

53.The uterus is resistant to infection in progestation phase. True

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54.Para ovarian cyst may cause hormonal imbalance. True

55.Ovulation in cow is followed by coitus. False

56.In cattle puberty in not related to age and weight of dam False

57.Freemartin is observed in monozygotic twins. False

58 In breech presentation, extraction of foetus is possible by correcting the

neck position. False

59. Zonary type of placentation is seen in mare. False

60.Fremitus is palpable in pregnant animals after second month of gestation.

False

61.Graffian follicle can be felt easily on palpation of ovary on 5th day of oestrus.
False

62.. CL starts regressing normally, if there is no conception. True

63.Ovulation in cows occurs before end of oestrus stage. False

64.. Placentophagy is uncommon in mares. True

65. Sheep is a short day breeder and seasonally polyoestrus species True

66.Irregular oestrous cycles is the cardinal sign of Trichomoniasis. False

67.. “Waxing” of teats is seen 48 hours before parturition in parturient

buffaloes. False

68. Ovulation occurs during oestrus stage in cows and buffaloes. False

69.Ovulation is spontaneous in bovines and equines. True

70.Silent oestrus is common in crossbred cows. False

71.HCG is used for treatment of pyometra in farm animals. False

72.Aschium zondek is a biological test used for detection of pregnancy in cows. False

73.Cyclical corpus luteum is known as C.L verum. False

74.Nymphomania is associated with luteal cysts. True

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75.The uterus is resistant of infection in progestation phase. False

76. Uterus is T shaped in mares, V shaped in bitches and Y shaped in cows.

True

77.Split oestrous associated with LH surge. True

78.Ovary presents a notch called Ovulation fossa in case of sows. False

79. Puberty is dependent on age and body weight of female. True

80. Myometrium carries two muscle layers in mares. False

81.Cervix always remains partially open during dioestrus in mares. True

82.All the fetuses undergo maceration in polytocus species. True.

83.Caesarian section is contraindicated in mummification. False

84. Version is used for correction of transverse presentation. True

85. Precervical torsion involves the portion of vagina. False.

86.FSH & LH are the gonadal hormones secreted by anterior pituitary. False

87. Progesterone is secreted by CL and placenta. True

88. Cuboni test is used for pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes. False

89. Standing reflex is characteristics sign of oestrus in buffaloes. False

90. Exotic and cross bred animals exhibit overt signs of oestrus. True

91.Non-descript animals exhibit regular and pronounced oestrus.

False

92.Broad ligament is attached to lesser curvature of uterus in cows & buffaloes

True

93. Broad ligament is attached to lesser curvature of uterus in mare. False.

94.Fertility is initiated at puberty but fecundity increases with maturity. True

95. Progesterone is effective for induction of oestrus in anoestrus cases True

96.Oxytocin is contraindicated, if cervix is incompletely dilated. True

17
97.Oestrogen is responsible for violent and forceful contractions. False

98. Uterine inertia is common in primiparous animals. True

99. Ovulation occurs in silent oestrus cases. True

100.Delayed ovulation leads to fertilization failure True

101.Fertilization takes place in isthmus of oviducts False

102.Polyspermy is avoided by zona reaction.True

103.Proliferation of the endometrium occurs under the influence of oestrogen.

False

104.Secondary sexual characters are controlled by oestrogen True

105. Pheromones are secreted by the cervix False

106. Ovulation is hastened by gonadal hormone.False

107. FSH controls follicular development. True

108.Ruptured follicle is luteinised under the effect of LH. True

109.Diestrus period varies as per the life of CL. True

110Continuation of oestrus cyclicity is due to pituitary hormones. False

111.The key hormone for maintenance of pregnancy is progesterone True

112. Oestrogen exerts myometrial block during pregnancy. True

113. Foetal development takes place in uterine cornua in all farm animals
except mare. True

114.Lochia is of greenish colour due to uteroverdin in sows. False

115. Pseudopregnancy is uncommon in sows. True

116. Pseudopregnancy is common in bitches because of high level of

progesterone. True

117.Multiple ovulations occur during oestrus in cows/Buffaloes/mares.

False

18
118.Superovulation is different from that of multiple ovulation. True

119. Fergussion’s reflex is exhibited during oestrus stage in farm animals. False

120. Patchy sweating is common in buffaloes before parturition. False

121. Process of parturition is more smooth in multigarvida True

122.PGF2alpha is used for heat synchronization in cows. True

123.PMSG is more LH like in action. False

124. HCG is more FSH like in action. False

125. PMSG & HCG are uterine hormones. False

126.Pyometra is the cardinal sign in trichomoniasis abortion. True

127.Sterility denotes complete and permanent failure of reproduction. True

128. Infertility problems in non descript animals are generally managemental.

True

129.Embryonic mortality also leads to repeat breeding. True

130. Rate of reproduction is slow in buffaloes as compared cows. True

131.Foetal emphysema causes relative foetal oversize. False

132.In dog sitting posture, all four limbs are retained under the body.
False

133.Failure of dilatation of birth canal is called as ring womb condition. False

134. Rolling of the dam to relieve torsion is carried out in the direction of torsion
True

135.Bandle’s contraction rings are seen in secondary uterine inertia. True

136.Over distentsion of uterus causes secondary uterine inertia. False

137.Dystocia usually occurs due to absolute foetal oversize in heifers. True

138.Absolute foetal oversize is a cause of maternal dystocia. False

19
139.The female internal genital organs are supported by sacrosciatic ligaments
False

140A direct anatomical relationship exists between ovary and oviduct. False

141.Vertex presentation is related with upward deviation of foetal head. False

142.Foetus is in anterior presentation with all the limbs retained under foetal
body in breech presentation. False

143.Pregnant uterus can produce PGf2 alpha under effect of oestrogen. True

144.Uterus is the most dilatable organ in the body. True

145.Uterus performs both exocrine and endocrine functions. False

146.As heat subsides, os begins to dilate. False

147. Implantation denotes attachment of fertilized ovum with oviduct. False

148.Confirmation of early pregnancy is difficult in small ruminants. True

149.High oestrogen level during oestrus has an inhibitory effect on liberation of

FSH. True.

150.Prolactin is secreted by corpus luteum. False

151. Oxytocin is released by anterior pituitary. False

152.Age of puberty is less in native animals than that of the exotic animals. False

153.Maturity confirms the full development of body and also that of genitalia True

154. Absence of healthy endometrium causes failure of corpus luteum

regression. True

155. Reliable history helps to confirm the pregnancy diagnosis. True

156.Repeated protrusion of clitoris is characteristic symptom of heat in buffaloes.

False

157. Relaxin is secreted by placenta and corpus luteum. True

158. Degeneration of placentomes is essential for the expulsion of placenta.

True

20
159. Weak contractions are essential through out the period of puerperium.
False

160.Lochia is evident through out the period of uterine involution. False

161.Sexual rest of at least one month after parturition is essential in large

ruminants. False

162. Cervical seal of pregnancy is liquefied under synergistic effect of oestrogen,

oxytocin and water weigh. True

163. Pelvic cavity is internally smooth and concave in females. True

164. Steriodogenesis and gonadogenesis start at puberty. Fasle

165. Gestational oestrus is ovulatory in cattle. False

166. Determination of gonadal hormones is carried out in biological tests for

pregnancy diagnosis. False

167. Entire uterine endometrium contains small non-glandular projections in

mares. True

168. Gut closure is related with failure of colostral absorption in new borns. True

169. Dead foetuses are present in pseudo-pregnancy. False

170. Failure of fertilization may lead to pseudo-pregnancy in bitches. True

171. Injections of gluco-corticoids are contraindicated in pregnancy. True

172.Termination of pregnancy with dead foetus is possible through injections of

gluco-corticoids. False

173.Remenatns of wolfian duct remains in female genitalia as bartholin’s gland.

True

174.Ovulation occurs nearly at the same time after onset of heat in all farm
animals. True

175.Crepitative sound is characteristics of mummification. False

176. Loosening of foetal parts and pus formation takes place in mummification.
False

177.A single ovarian examination is just sufficient to confirm persistent corpus

21
 luteum. False

178. Transverse presentation of foetus is corrected by rotation. False

179.Pelvic inlet is bony and is lined by ilium, ischium and pubis. False

180. Hormones and pheromones are involved in female reproduction. True

181. Pheromones have sex- repellent properties. False

182. Sexual receptivity is governed by pheromones. False

183. Sexual receptivity is characteristics of oestrus cycle in females. False

184.Twinning is beneficial in uniparous animals. False

185.Alteration in structure and function of any single foetal part is monstrosity.

False

186. Abnormalities of internal genitalia can be diagnosed immediately after birth.

False

187.Germ cells are produced by bipotential embryonic gonads. False

188.Germ cells are extragonadal in origin from embryonic endodermal layer.

False

189. Papyracious type of mummification is seen in cows. False

190.Hymen is present between vagina and vestibule. True

191.Vagina is a common passage for urinary and genital system. False

192.Ovaries are extrapelvic in location in mares. True

193.Theca and interstitial cells arise from medularly region of ovary. True

194.Follicular cells arise from cortical region of ovary. False

195.Oestrogen is sex linked hormone. False

196. Internal ovulation indicates failure of ovum pick up by fimbrae. True

197.Sex differentation takes place at the time of fertilization. False

198.Cattle and goats carry 60 chromosomes. True

22
199.Ovulation is occurs from any part of the exposed surface of the ovary except
hilus in ruminants. True

200.Ovulation point on the surface of the ovary is called as stroma. False

201.Ovarian bursa supports transfer of ovum towards oviduct. True.

202.Pregnancy corpus luteum is also called as persistent corpus luteum. False

203.Pregnancy seal is secreted by cells of endometrium. False

204. Ferning is characteristics during oestrus proper. True

205. Vaginal glandularity is present in cows through out the gestation. True

206. Always avoid breeding of females during first heat. True

207. First oestrus after parturition is called as puerperal oestrus. True

208. Lactational dioestus is characterized by oestrus cyclicity. False

209. Constant increase in body weight favors for successful fertilization. True

210. Primary follicles are not formed during breedable life True

211. Oestrus period extends from first to last mount of the bull. True

212. Females are receptive during proestrus/ metoestrus stage. False

213. Version includes two important movements repulsion and rotation. True

214. Transfer of parasitic infections in gravid uterus from dam to foetus is called
as venereal infection. False

215. Ecbolic drugs are used to retain uterine contents. False

216. Ergot is best-known ecbolic preparation. True

217. Anovulation of follicle turns to formation of albicans. False

218. Corpora lutea albicans represents regressed CL on ovary. True

219. Accessory corpora lutea are found in the ovaries of pregnant Mare. True

220. Uterus controls the life span of corpus luteum during the oestrous cycle.

23
 True

221. Secondary uterine inertia is also called as inertia of exhaustion. True

222. Sometimes foetus is expelled with intact placenta in buffaloes. False,

223. Inertia may lead to placental retention in farm animals. True

224 Prepubertal growth is also the part of reproduction. True

225. Stabilizing levels of growth hormone initiates puberty in farm animals. True

226. Proestrus bleeding is common in cross bred cows. False

227. Oestrus is confirmed by vaginal smear examination in bitches. True

228. Vaginal smear examination is useful for pregnancy diagnosis. False

229. Ischium and pubis marginates obturator foramena. True

230. External genitalia are fully formed by 6 months of gestation. False

231. Non- functional germinal epithelium lines the ovary in females. True

232. Physiological hypertrophy of cervix is seen in multiparous cows. True

233. Physiological hypertrophy of cervix is absent in buffaloes. True

234. Supple cervix is seen in mares. False

235. Annular rings of cervix are present in cows and buffaloes True

236. Spiral folds of cervix are common in mares. False

237. Gestation length is more in female foetuses than male ones in cows False

238. Calving season is defined in cows. False

239. Maximum mares deliver during night hours. False

240. Avian primary oocyte is the largest single cell in animal kingdom True

241. Uterus is T shaped in mare. True

242. Uterus is V shaped in bitch. True

24
243. Uterus is Y shaped in cow. True.

244. In case of mare, ovary presents a notch called infundibulum. False

245. In mare ovaries are apple shaped. False

246. In sow ovaries are mulberry shaped. True

247. In cow ovaries are almond shaped. True

248. .In cat ovaries are covered with ovarian bursa. False

249. The cornua of uterus is tortuous in sow True.

250.Carancles are present in uterine horns of cow. True

251.100 – 120 no of carancles are present in uterine horns of cow. True

252. 70 – 80 no of carancles are present in uterine horns of ewe. True

253. Inter-cornual ligament is present in bitch. False

254. Broad ligament is attached to lesser curvature of uterus in cows. True

255. Broad ligament is attached to lesser curvature of uterus in mare. False

256..Fertility is reached at puberty but fecundity increases with the age of the
dam up to maturity. True

257.Mare is a short day breeders. False

258.Mare is a long day breeder or Sheep is a short day breeder. False

259.Mare is a long day breeders. True

260. Duration of oestrus in cows is 12-24 hours. True

261. Silent oestrus is generally seen in buffaloes . True

262. Oestrus lasts for 1-2 days in ewe. True

263. In silent oestrus, ovulation occurs but overt symptoms of oestrus are not
seen. True

264.Duration of oestrus in mare is 4- 7 days. True

25
265.Duration of oestrus in sows is 2-3 days. True

266. Duration of oestrus in bitches is 1-2 days. False

267. Duration of oestrus in does is 1-2hours False

268. Duration of oestrus cycle in cows is 2-3 days. False

269.Duration of oestrus cycle in sows is 18 – 23 days. True

270. Duration of oestrus cycle in mare is 19 – 23 days. True

271. Duration of oestrus cycle in does is 6-10 days. False

272.Duration of oestrus cycle in ewes is 14 – 19 days. True

273. In cattle ovulation occurs on an average 12 hours after end of heat

symptoms. True

274.Fertile life of ovum and sperm in genital tract is 2-8 hours & 36-48 hours in
cows. True

275. In cow, bitch , ewe coitus is essential for ovulation. False

276.In cattle ovulation occurs on an average 12 hours after end of heat

symptoms. True

277. In ewes ovulation occurs at 86, 90 hrs after starting of oestrous. False

278. In sows ovulation occurs at 86 , 90 hrs after starting of oestrous. False

279. In bitches ovulation occurs at 2-3 (10- 12 )days after starting of oestrous.

280.In mares ovulation occurs 10- 12 days before end of oestrous. False

281. When fertilization is carried out by more than one sperm it is called
polyspermy. True.

282. Proliferation of the endometrium occurs under the influence of progesterone

True

283. Zonary type of placenta is seen in Canine species. True

284. Placentophagy is not seen in mare. True.

285.In mares diffuse type of Placentation occurs. True

26
286. Epitheliochoral type of placenta is seen in bovine. False.

287.During second half of pregnancy, progesterone is produced by the placenta

in equine . True

288.All domestic animals except mare may eat placenta and this is called
placentophagy. False

289.In Multiparous placenta is restricted to a portion of the gravid horn. True

290.Syndesmochorial is the type of Placentation found in mare . False

291. In unipara placenta occupies both horns. False

292. Cuboni test is the chemical test used for detection of pregnancy in mare.
True

293. The key hormone for maintainence of pregnancy is progesterone.True

294. Fremitus can be felt at the 4th month of gestation. True

295. PMSG is secreted by Endometrial cups in mares . True

296. PMSG is secreted between 50 – 120 days of gestation in mares. True

297. Placentomes can be felt from 8 months of gestation in cattle. False

298. A few days before parturition there is relaxation sacro sciatic of

ligament. True

299. In bitch lochia is of greenish colour due to uteroverdine.True

300. In case of mare, honey like drop and secretion appearing at teat before
foaling is called waxing. True

301. During 2nd stage of parturition, presence of foetal membrane in vagina

initiates reflex contractions of abdominal muscles and diaphragm of cow
and this is called as friedson’s reflexes. False

302. In bitches, pulse and respiration rate rise whereas temperature drops to 98 -
99oC 24 hours before whelping. True

303. In the first stage of parturition, uterine contractions occur at every 10 –15
minutes and last for 15 - 30 seconds in the initial stage. True

304. In mare, umbilical cord shows pulsation up to 9 minutes after foaling and if

27
 broken immediately 400 - 1500 ml of blood is lost. True

305. In urobilinogen lochia is of greenish colour due to uteroverdine. False

306. In bitches, pulse and respiration rate rise whereas temperature drops to 24
hours before whelping. True

307. PMSG is secreted by endometrial cups of endometrium in mare. True

308.Progesterone is responsible for follicular development. False

309. Endometrium is the only source of progesterone during early pregnancy.

False

310. PMSG is used for heat synchronization in cows. False

311. Progesterone hormone is required for maintenance of pregnancy. True

312. A surge of LH is required to induce ovulation. True

313. FSH treatment is used for Superovulation. True

314. PMSG has FSH like activity. True

315.HCG has LH like activity. True

316. In Trichomoniasis abortion pyometra is the cardinal sign. True

317.Early embryonic deaths are recorded in campylobateriosis. True

318. Undulating fever in man is caused by Leptospira

icterohaemorhigea organism. False

319. In Leptospirosis abortions are noted during 6 - 8 months of

gestation in cow. True

320. In Brucellosis, abortion in cows is seen during 6 - 8 months of

gestation. True

321. C.L. of pregnancy is called CL verum. True

322. Follicular cysts produces relaxin hormone. False

323.Follicular cysts produce symptoms of nymphomania. True

324.The cyclical C.L. is called CL spurium. True.

28
325. Anoestrus is the cardinal sign of Luteal cyst. True

326. Luteal cysts produces Progesterone hormone. True

327.Deficiency of LH hormone causes cystic ovaries. True

328.In follicular cyst LH is the drug of choice. True

329.In Luteal cyst PGF 2 alpha is the drug of choice. True

330. A serous fluid accumulation in the uterus is mucometra . True

331. A repeat breeder cow has failed to settle/conceive after

services/inseminations during 3 or more consecutive oestrus
periods. True

332.Granulosa cell ovarian tumour produces symptoms of nymphomania. True

333. Sterility denotes reduced fertility. False

334. Infertility denotes complete and permanent failure of reproduction. False

335. Incidence of maternal dystokia is 25% ( 75%) while that of foetal

dystokia is 75% (25%). True

336. In general, the more prolonged the dystokia, the more favourable
the prognosis. False.

337. In anterior presentation Hip lock position are major causes of dystokia due
to hindlimbs. True

338. Foetal emphysema causes absolute foetal oversize. True

339. In multiparous animals, reduction in litter size may result in dystokia due to
Foetal over size . True

340. During traction in relieving dystokia, straining action of the dam should be
utilized as an aid whereas in the treatment of prolapse same should be
avoided. True

341. In dog sitting posture all four limbs are retained under the body. True

342.Failure of dilatation of cervix is called ring womb and is seen in 15% of the
cases in sheep. True

29
343.Uterine torsion is rare in twin pregnancy. True

344. Majority of uterine torsions occur in early part of 3rd stage of labour. False

345. In unipara both horns are involved in uterine torsion because of the
presence of inter-cornual ligament. True

346. In rolling of the dam technique to relieve torsion, the dam is rolled in the
same direction of torsion. True

347.Bandle’s contraction rings are seen in secondary uterine inertia. True

348. Over distension of uterus causes primary uterine inertia. True

349. In immature heifers, dystokia usually occurs due to relative foetal oversize.
True

350. In breech presentation hind) limbs are retained under the body. True

351. The common site of uterine torsion is Post cervical True.

352. The incidences of uterine torsion is more in mare. False.

353.The incidences of uterine torsion is less in (buffaloes. False

354.Obstetrical chains are used for applying traction for relieving dystokia. True

355. In longitudinal presentation, foetal axis is parallel to that of the dam. True

356. In transverse presentation it is perpendicular. True

357.Poll presentation is downward deviation of the head of foetus. True

358.The lateral deviation of the head of foetus is wryneck presentation. True

359. Death of foetus in a sterile uterus, usually leads to a condition of called

mummification .True

360. In cows, when twins of different sexes grow in a common allanto-chorion

during intra-uterine development, the female is usually sterile and is known
as free martin.True.

361. Hypoplasia/aplasia of spinal cord is the primary abnormality of personus

dumbus monster. True

362.acute angulation of vertebral column is that of schistosoma reflexes

monster. True

30
363. Hernition of uterus is called of hysterocoele True

364.Hernition of bladder is called hysterocoele False.

365.Application of rope struss to vulva is one of the treatments for prolapse in

cows and buffaloes. True

366. Selenium deficiency is usually observed in newborn lamb. True.

367. In unsuccessful abortion, when the foetus undergoes gradual autolysis until
only a compact mass of foetal bones is left, it is called mummification.
False

31
 C) MATCH THE PAIRS :

I.

A B

1. Uterus of mare a)Sow 10

2. Silent oestrus b)Preparation of birth canal 9
3. Ovulation in cow c)CLverum 8
4. Zonary placenta d) Pyometra 7
5. Cuboni test e) T shaped 1
6. PMSG f) After end of oestrus 3
7. Trichomoniasis g) Buffalo 2
8. CL of pregnancy h) Endometrial cups 6
9. Relaxin I) Bitch 4
10. Diffuse placenta j) Mare 5

II.
A B

1. Uterus of bitch a) LH surge 7

2. Estrus in cow b) FSH like action 8
3. Estrus in ewe c) Follicular cyst treatment 9
4. Spontaneous ovulation d) V shaped 1
5. Induced ovulation e) Cow 10
6. Maintenance of pregnancy. f) Progesterone 6
7. Ovulation g) 12-24 hours 2
8. PMSG h) 24-48 hours 3
9. LH I) Camel 5
10. Placentophagy j) Buffalo 4

III.
A B

1. PGF2 alpha a) Cow 6

2. Tortuous uterine horns b) Brucellosis 4
3. Luteal cyst c) Mare 5
4. Late abortion d) Synchronization of oestrus 1
5. Waxing of teat e) Anoestrus 3
6. Heamatic mummificatoon f) Sow 2
7. Bloated bull frog g) FSH 10
8. Caslicks operation h) Ewe 9
9. Ring womb I) Hydroallantios 7
10. Superovulation j) Chronic vaginal prolapse. 8

32
IV.
A B

1. Ovulation fossa a) 2-3 days 5

2. Mulberry shaped ovaries b) Letting down of milk 10
3. 70-80 coruncles c) 1-2 days 4
4. Proestrus in cow d) Primary inertia 9
5. Estrus in sow e) Ewe 3
6. HCG f) CL spurium 8
7. PMSG g) Sow 2
8. Cyclical CL h) FSH like action 7
9. Over distended of uterus I) Mare 1
10. Oxytocin j) LH like action 6

V.
A B

1. Almond shaped ovaries a) Cervical dilator 10

2. Bean shaped ovaries b) Brucella melitensis 6
3. Greenish colour c) Cow 1
4. Amber colour d) Campylobacteriosis 5
5. Early embryonic death e) Fetotomy 9
6. Undulating fever f) Mare 2
7. Obstetrical chain g) Bitch lochia 3
8. Granulosa cells h) estrogen 8
9. Thegisons embryotome I) Traction 7
10. Epidosin j) Cow lochia 4

VI.
A B

1. Middle uterine artery a) Sow 10

2. Waxing b) Downword deviation of head 7
3. Luteal cyst treatment c) Nymphomania 5
4. Deficiency of LH d) Fremitus 1
5. Follicular cyst e) Ring womb 9
6. Longitudinal presentation f) Primary inertia 8
7. Poll presentation g) Follicular cyst 4
8. Lack of estrogen h) Oozing of milk at teat 2
9 Failure of dilatation of cervix I) PMSG 3
10. Papyraceous mummification j) Foetal axis is parallel to that of dam 6

33
VII.
A B

1. Herniation of uterus a) Vaginal cystocoele 6

2. Infertility b) Rolling of dam 10
3. Anterior presentation c) Relative foetal oversize 5
4. Sterility d) Progesterone secretion 9
5. Small pelvis e) Hysterocoele 1
6. Maternal dystokia f) Posterior presentation 7.
7. Breech presentation g) Reduced fertility 2
8. Anoestrous h) Hip lock 3
9. Corpous luteum I) Permanent inability to reproduce 4
10. Uterine tortion j) Malnutrition 8.

VIII.
A B

1. Cubonis test a) Second stage of labour 4

2. Absolute fetal oversize b) Cervix of cow 8
3. Bandl’s contraction rings c) Whelping 5
4. Fergusson reflex d) Heriditary condition 7
5. Temperature drops e) Urinary estrogens 1
6. Expulsion of placenta f) Mare 9
7. Ovarian hypoplasia g) Secondary inertia 3
8. Transverse annular rings h) Ewes 10
9. Long day breeder i) Emphysematous foetus 2
10.Short day breeder j) Third stage of labour 6

IX
A B

1.Polyspermy a) Bovine female born co twine with male 8

2.Syngamy b) Estrus detection 6
3.Fertilization c) 114 days 4
4.Gestation period of sow d) Merging of male female pronuclei 2
5.Superovulation e) Zona reaction 1
6.Fern pattern f) Ampullary-Isthamic junction 3
7.Anovulation g) Embryo transfer 5
8.Freemartin h) 150 days 10
9.Uterine endometrium i) Repeat breeding 7
10.Gestation period of ewe j) PGF2 alpha 9

34
X
A B

1.Epitheliochorial placenta a) Cow 1

2.Endotheliochorial Placenta b) Mare 2
3.Funnel shaped Cervical band c) Knocking down cl 6
4.Clitoris d) Prevent release of FSH 7
5.Labia minora e) Sow 3
6. PGF2α f) Expansion of pelvis 8
7.Inhibin g) Homologous to glans penis 4
8.Relaxin h) Homologous to prepuce 5
9.Poly spermy i) Acrosomal cap 10
10.Acrosin j) Vitelline block 9

XI.

A B

1.Monozygous twins a) Gamate transport 7

2.Corpus Luteum b) Anti bodies 3
3.Colostrum c) Relaxation of pelvic ligament 8
4.Post partum anoetrus d) Letting down of milk 5
5.Oxytocin e) Lateral Deviation of Neck 9
6.GnRH f) Identical twins 1
7.Oviduct g) Antrum 10
8.Relaxin f) Control of oestus cycle 2
9.Wry neck g) Hypothalamus 6
10.Liquor folliculi h) Suckling 4

XII.
A B

1.Triggering of parturition a) Organ of copulation 7

2.Prolapse b) Reservoire of spermatozoa 6
3.Fertilization failure c) Sterility 5
4.Fertivet d) Blood filled Cavity 10
5.Freemartin e) Heifers 9
6.Cervix f) Mare 8
7.Vagina g) Anoestrous treatment 4
8.Transverse presentation h) Repeat breeder 3
9.Hip lock condition i) High estrogen levels 2
10.Corpus heamorrhagicum j) Foetal Hypothalamus 1

35
XIII.
A B

1.Fertile life of spermatozoa a) 24 – 48 Hrs 1

2.Fertile life of ovum b) 6 – 8 Hrs 2
3.100 – 120 carncles c) Cow 3
4.70 – 80 carncles d) Ewes 4
5.Oestrous in ewes e) 1 – 2 days 5
6.Oestrous in Mare f) 4 – 7 days 6
7.Oestrous in Bitches g) 9 – 10 days 7
8.Oestrous in Does h) 12 – 24 hrs 8
9.Sinking of pelvic ligaments i) Approaching parturition 9
10.Accessory C.L. j) Mare 10

XIV.
A B

1.Post estrus ovulation a) Ewe 9

2.Proestrus bleeding b)Buffalo 10
3.FSH / LH c)Aterior pituitary 7
4.Estrogen / Progesteron d)Posterior pituitary 8
5.GnRH e) Cow 1
6.HCG / PMSG f) Bitch 2
7.FSH g) Glycoprotein 3
8.Prolactin h) Steroid 4
9.Seasonal polyestrus i)Peptite 5
10.Subestrus j)Placenta 6

XV
A B

1. Illirin 1. Cervical dilator 5

2. Breech presentation 2. Antibodies plus growth hormone 3
3. Colostrum 3. Knocking down CL 1
4. Worst possible dystokia 4. Bilateral hip flexion 2
5. Epidosin 5. Ventral deviation of head. 4

XVI
A B
1. Superovulation A) PGF2alpha 2
2.Synchronization B) Hydrocephalus 5
3.Zonal placenta C) Sow 4
4.Diffused placenta D) FSH 1
5. Cephalotomy E) Bitch 3

36
XVII

A B

1 PGF2alpha A)Progesterone 2
2 Luteal phase B)Luteolysis of CL 1
3 Ring womb C)Dilatation of cervix 5
4 Zonary placenta D)Ewe 3
5 Parturition E)Bitch 4

XVIII

A B

1 Vaginal cystocoel A)Bloated bull frog 6

2 Caslick’s operation B) Oozing of milk from teats 5
3 Primary uterine inertia C)Malnutrition 9
4 Cuboni’s test D)Fertilization of ova 8
5 Waxing E)Letting down of milk 10
6 Hydrallantois F)urinary estrogens 4
7 Prostaglandins G)Maternal dystokia 1
8 Capacitation of spermatozoa H)Lack of circulating estrogen 3
9 Anoestrum I)Luteal cysts 7
10 Oxytocin J)Chronic prolapse of vagina 2

XIX
A B

1 Acrosome phase a)Heriditory sperm defect 4

2 Camphylobacteriosis b)Superovulation 5
3 Glycerol c)Spermatogenesis 1
4Diadem sperm d)Cryoprotectant 3
5 PMSG e)Male infertility 2

37
 QUESTION BANK

OF

ANDROLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL

INSEMINATION.

(Course No.VOG-511)

Department of Animal Reproduction,

Gynaecology and Obstetrics,
Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences
University,
Nagpur-6

38
A) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:.

1.Duration of spermatogenesis in buffalo bull is ___________ days.

a)50; b) 38; c) 54.4; d) 70-80.

2.Duration of spermatogenesis in dog is ______ days.

a) 60; b) 55.5; c) 54.4; d) 58.

3. Complete cycle of spermatogenesis occupies _________ days in bull.

a) 63; b) 71; c) 66; d) 54.

4.Spermatogenesis is a continuous process in which the primitive germs cells are

transformed into mature sperms by _____________.
a)mitosis; b) meiosis; c) mitosis & meiosis.

5.Duration of spermatogenesis is ___________ days in stallion.

a) 49 ; b) 54; c) 60 ; d) 70.

6. Duration of spermatogenesis is _________ days in boar.

a)54.4; b) 90; c) 60; d) 34.4.

7. Duration of spermatogenesis is ____________ in sheep and goat.

a)49; b) 60; c) 80; d) 65

8. Mitochondrial helix is present in part of sperm.

a)Mid-piece; b) posterior part of tail; c) anterior part of tail; d) head.

9. Abnormalities of head ___% spermatozoa are permissible in a normal and

good quality semen.
a) 2; b) 6; c) 4; d) 8.

10. Abnormalities of mid piece_______% spermatozoa are permissible in a

normal and good quality semen.
a) 2; b) 6; c) 4; d) 8.

11. Abnormalities of tail_______% spermatozoa are permissible in a normal and

good quality semen.
a) 2; b) 6; c) 4; d) 8.

12. Abnormalities of tailless heads_______% spermatozoa are permissible in a

normal and good quality semen.

39
a) 2; b) 6; c) 4; d) 8.

13. Dilution rate of bull semen depends on ________ and _______.

a) Time count, volume; b) concentration, initial motility; c) mass activity, density;
d) density, volume
14. Volume of semen in boar is __________.
a) 70 – 80 ml; b) 25 – 50 ml; c) 150-225 ml; d) 50 ml.

15. Volume of cow bull semen is__________ ml.

a) 10 – 15 ; b) 3 – 7 ; c) 0.5 – 2 ; d) 15 – 20 .

16. Volume of semen in Ram is __________.

a) 2-5 ml; b) 0.8 – 1.2 ml; c) 5 – 10 ml; d)10 – 15 ml.

17. Volume of semen in Stallion is __________.

a) 5- 10 ml; b) 15-20 ml; c) 25 – 30 ml; d) 60 – 100 ml.

18. Volume of semen in dog is ____________.

a)2-19 ml; b) 20-25 ml; c) 25-50 ml; d) 0.5 ml.

19. Volume of semen in buffalo bull is __________.

a) 15 – 20 ml; b) 10 – 15 ml; c) 0 – 2 ml; d) 2.5 – 8 ml.

20. Sperm concentration in semen of ram is _____________ millions/ml.

a) 1000-2000; b) 500; c) 250 –350 ; d) 2000 – 3000

21. Sperm concentration of semen in boar is __________ millions/ml.

a) 100; b) 200 – 300; c) 1000; d) 500

22. Sperm concentration in semen of bull is __________ millions/ml.

a) 80 ; b) 500 ; c) 3000 ; d) 800 – 2000.

23. Sperm concentration in semen of stallion is ________ millions/ml.

a) 150-300 ; b) 70 – 100; c) 50 – 70; d) 500

24. Sperm concentration in semen of dog is ___________ millions/ml.

a) 25; b) 100; c) 75; d) 300.

25. pH of cow bull semen _________.

a) 6.8; b) 6.0; c) 5.5; d) 7.5.

26. The pH of semen is alkaline in ______.

a) dog; b) cock; c) Boar; d) bull.

27. _______ enzyme secreted by acrosome helps in penetration of spermatozoa

into the ovum.

40
a) Protease ; b) peptidase; c) lipase; d) hyaluronidase.

28. Normally the semen of cow bull is _________ in colour.

a) yellowish, white; b) bright white; c) grayish; d) greenish white.

29. Normally the semen of ram is ________ in colour.

a) Creamy white; b) grey; c) yellow; d) pure white.

30. Normally the semen of buck is ________ in colour.

a) Creamy white; b) grey; c) yellow; d) pure white.

31 Normally the semen of buffalo bull is ________ in colour.

a) Creamy white; b) grey; c) yellow; d) milky white.

32. Hyalurodinase secreted by sperm ___________ helps in penetration of

sperm into ovum
a) Mid piece ; b) post nuclear cap ;c) Tail ;d) acrosome

33. Irregular distribution of mitochondrial sheath results in to ______ defect in

sperm.
a) Cork screw ; b) dagg defect ; c) diadem defect d) pseudo droplet.

34.In collection of semen with A.V. the temperature is important in

______________.
a) Boar; b) dog; c) Stallion; d) bull.

35. In collection of semen with A.V. the pressure is important in

______________.
a) Boar; b) dog; c) Horse ; d) buck.

36. ________ of semen should be observed under low power of microscope

without putting a coverslip.
a) Total concentration; b) mass activity; c) live count; d) abnormalities.

37,________ of semen should be observed under high power of microscope by

putting a cover slip.
a) Total concentration; b) mass activity; c) Initial motility; d) abnormalities.

38. Large number of spermatozoa in neat semen are observed under the
microscope at a time of grading ___________.
a) Density; b) mass activity; c) Concentration; d) Initial motility.

39. Individual spermatozoa are observed in diluted semen for grading

__________.
a) Density; b) mass activity; c) Concentration; d) Initial motility.

41
40. Diluting fluid used for estimation of total concentration of spermatozoa
contains _________.
a) eosin yellow ; b) aniline blue c) nigrosin d) leishman’s

41. High percentage of abnormal spermatozoa is known as ___________.

a) Oligozoospermia; b) Teratozoospermia; c) Polyzoospermia; d)
Asthenozoospermia.

42. Decreased sperm motility is known as ___________.

a) Asthenozoospermia; b) Teratozoospermia; c) Azoospermia; d)
Nonzoospermia.

43. Zero concentration of spermatozoa is known as ____________.

a) Non spermia; b) Aspermia; c) Azoospermia; d) Oligozoospermia.

44. Reduced concentration of spermatozoa is known as __________.

a) Asthenozoospermia; b) Teratozoospermia; c) Azoospermia; d)
Oligozoospermia.

45. Tightly coiled tail of sperm is known as ____________.

a) Diadem defect; b) dagg defect; c) super coiled tail; d) knobbed tail.

46. All dead sperm in semen is known as ___________.

a) Necrozoospermia; b) Aspermia; c) Azoopspermia; d) Non spermia.

47. No volume of semen is known as ___________.

a) Non spermia; b) Azoospermia; c) Aspermia; d) Terarozoospermia

48.. Reduced volume of semen is known as ____________.

a) Aspermia; b) Hypospermia; c) low spermia; d) Oligozoospermia.

49. Increased volume of semen is known as ___________.

a) Hyperspermia; b) Oligozoospermia; c) Asthenozoospermia; d) Polyspermia.

50. Primary sperm defect is ___________.

a) detached head; b) micro head;c)sperm with bent tail; d)proximal
protoplasmic droplett

51. Secondary defect is ______________.

a) Pyriform; b) distal protoplasmic droplet; c) microphalic head; d) macrophagic
head.

52. ________ is hereditary sperm abnormality.

a) diadem effect; b) microcephalic head; c) pyriform head; d) highly coiled tail.

42
53. Invagination of nuclear membrane results in to _________defect in sperm.
a) diadem effect; b) microcephalic head; c) pyriform head; d) knobbed sperm

54. Accentrically placed thickening of acrosome results in to _________defect in

sperm.
a) diadem effect; b) microcephalic head; c) pyriform head; d) knobbed sperm.

55 Rounded or elongated thickening of mid piece results in to _________ defect

in sperm.
a) diadem effect; b)pseudo droplet; c)distal protoplasmic droplet; d) highly coiled
tail

56. For artificial insemination with frozen semen __________ million live motile
sperm cells are required per dose after thawing.
a) 40 - 50 b) 10 -15 ; c)50 - 60; d) 70- 80.

57. For fertilization _____ million live motile sperm cell are required per dose
a)8-10; b) 20; c) 15; d) 12.

58. Frozen semen should be deposited in to ________ to get good fertilization

rate in cattle and buffalo.
a) vagina ; b) at external os of cervix c) body of uterus ; d) uterine horns.

59.Seminal vesicles secrete ______ which is added in seminal plasma during

ejaculation.
a) fructose; b) sucrose; c) hexose; d) calcium.

60. ____________ enzyme secreted by epididymis help in maturation and

storage of spermatozoa.
a) hyaluronidase; b) Protease; c) phosphoryl ; d) peptidase.

61. __________ secreted by epididymis acts as a lubricant.

a) glycoprotein; b) glycerol; c) lipase; d) lipids.

62. Seminal plasma has high contents of ___________ minerals than sperms.
a) magnesium; b) sodium and calcium; c) zinc; d) iron.

63. Sperm acrosome contain ________ enzyme.

a) pepsid; b) protease; c)lipase; d) hyaluronidase.

64. __________ prevents head to head agglutination of spermatozoa and is

present in seminal plasma.
a) albumin b) gelatin c) agglutinine d) arginine.

43
65. The milk is heated for _________oC for ______ minutes before dilution.
a) 92,10; b)82,15; c)90,20; d) 80,30.

66. Egg yolk provides __________ to prevent the sperm from agglutination and
cold shock.
a) albumin b) globulinc) lecithin d) ergothionine

67. Milk contains _________ which is spermicidal.

a) bacterin b) lactin c) lactose d) spermin.

68.Rapid vapour freezing is done ________ cm above LN2 .

a)01; b)10; c)3; d)4.

69. Solid Co2 is used for preservation of semen at ______oC temperture.

a) –196; b)-79; c)-80; -78.

70. Liquid nitrogen is used for preservation of semen at ________oC

temperature.
a)-120; b)-190; c)-180; d)-196.

71. Semen can be preserved at subzero temperature at _____ oC by using liquid

nitrogen.
a)–196; b) –200; c) –193; d)-198.

72. __________ is used as a cryoprotectant during freezing of semen

a) Glycerol ;b) Alcohol c) Egg yolk d) Sprit

73. French mini straws contain _______of semen.

a)0.25ml ; b) 0.50 c) 1.0 ; d) 2.0

74. Sigmoid flexus is pre scrotal in ____________.

a) stallion; b) cow bull; c) boar; d) dog.

75. Benign prostate byperplasia is commonly observed in _____________.

a) cat; b) boar; c) dog; d) stallion.

76. Inability of the bull to copulate is known as _________.

a) impotentia generandi; b) impotentia coeundi; c) infertility; d) sterility.

77. Inability or reduced ability to fertilize is known as _________.

a) impotentia generandi; b) impotentia coeundi; c) infertility; d) sterility.

78. Bilateral segmental aplasia of the epididymis in bull leads to ___________

condition.

44
a) cryptorchid; b) infertile; c) sterile; d) impotentia coeundi.

79. Bilateral and complete hypoplasia of the testes in bull leads to

________condition.
a) a) impotentia generandi; b) cryptorchidism; c) infertility; d) sterility.

80. Excessive accumulation of spermatozoa in the head of the epididymis is

known as __________.
a) spermiostasis; b) spermiastasis; c) spermatoid; d) spermatocoele.

81.Unilateral and partial hypoplasia of the testis leads to ____________.

a) sterility b) Fertility c) infertility d) fecundity .

82. Impotency of bull is classified into ________ and ________.

a) infertility, sterility; b) impotentia generandi, impotentia coeundi; c) sterility &
fertility.

45
B) STATE TRUE OR FALSE :

1. Addition of glycerol to semen dilutor is essential when the semen is

preserved at 5oC temperature.-False sub zero temprature

2. Semen should not be allowed to cool below 15 oC before dilution.- True

3. For deep freezing of bull semen, egg yolk percentage in EYC dilutor
should be 30%. False . 20%.

4. Glycerol is used as a cryoprotectant during freezing of semen. True.

5. Dilution rate of semen sample is calculated depending on mass activity

score and colour of semen sample. True.

6. Dry ice is used for semen freezing at –196oC. False. –79oC.

7. Frozen semen is stored at –196oC by using liquid nitrogen. True.

8. IVT dilutor is used for the preservation of semen at refrigeration

temperature. False. Room temperature.

9. Diluent for preservation of semen at room temperature is Egg Yolk Citrate.

False. CME or CUE or IVT.

10. Ideal diluent for preservation of semen at refrigeration temperature is

CME. False. EYC or EYP .

11. Semen dilution is done basically with the objective of prolonging the
keeping/storage time of semen. True.

12. For frozen semen in ampoules for cattle there should be 50 million motile
sperms after thawing. False. 10 to 15.

13. Number of spermatozoa required for A.I. with frozen semen in cattle in
straws is 50 million sperms after thawing. False. 10 to 15 million.

14. French mini straws contain 25 ml of semen. False 0.25ml

15. Amongst the farm animals, volume of semen is maximum in boar species.
True

16. Amongst the farm animals, sperm concentration is minimum in stallion.

False. Boar.

17. The pH of semen is alkaline in stallion. – True

46
18. Decreased concentration of sperm in semen is termed as
Oligozoospermia. True.

19. With an electro ejaculator semen may be collected from ram in standing
position. True.

20. Semen can be collected in stallion by 2 methods. Gloved hand method

and artificial vagina. False. Boar/ dog

21. Optimum internal temperature of A.V. for semen collection in stallion

should be 70oC to 80oC.- False- 41 to 45 degree C

22. Electro ejaculation is the simplest and hygienic method of semen

collection. False.- Artificial Vaginal method.

23. Rectal massage of the ampullae of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles
is useful method for bulls which are lame or unwilling or are unable to
copulate. True.

24. A gradual alternating current from 20 – 40 V should be applied for electro

ejaculation method. False. 0.5 – 2 V.

25. Semen collection should be during early morning hours before feeding is
done- True.

26. In case of ram and buck the process urethrae rotates rapidly. True.

27. The Flehman’s reaction is absent in boar.- True.

28. Rut is present in domestic animals. False. Wild animals.

29. Bull oscillates penis to cause engorgement and thus get ready for
intromission. False. Stallion.

30. Oxytocin is released at the time of ejaculation which releases and causes
transport of semen in epididymis and ductus deferens. True.

31. Boar on ejaculation is motionless but rectal contractions are observed.

True.

32. Sigmoid flexure is post scrotal in boars. False – Pre scrotal/ Bull or ram or
buck

33. The erectile portion in glans penis of dog is os penis. True.

47
34. In stallion testicles are situated horizontally in scrotum. True.

35. Seminal vesicles are absent in dogs. True.

36. Sigmoid flexure is pre scrotal in cattle.- False – Post scrotal/ Boar

37. In stallion mediastenum testes is present. False. Absent

38. In boar the long axis of the testes is oblique. True.

39. Ampullae are present in dog and cat. False. Absent.

40. The ampullae open in the cranial portion of the pelvic urethera through a
rounded prominence called colliculus seminalis. True.

41. Vesicular gland secretions of stallion constitute gel to ejaculate. True.

42. In dog the prostate gland is scattered over a large portion of pelvic
urethera. False. Ram.

43. Erectile tissue in bull penis is more as compared to stallion. False. Less.

44. Fossa glandis in stallion often contain smegma which carried infection
leading to contagious equine metritis. True.

45. Glance penis of ram has cork screw like appearance . False. Boar.

46. Glance penis of boar has a uretheral process. False. Ram.

47. Corpus cavernosa in penis of dog is separated by a median septum. True.

48. In cats the penis is short with spines pointing backwards. True.

49. The diverticulum of ram is filled with urine secretions and dead cells thus
produces typical odour. False. Boar.

50. The blood to the scrotum is supplied by external and internal pudendal
artery in cat and boar. True.

51. Scrotum of dog has distinct scrotal raphayes and is oily to touch – True.

52. The long axis of testis of stallion is nearly vertical when testis are
retracted.- True

53. Testicular descent occurs after birth in bull. False Dogs

48
54. Androgen binding protein in secreted by the Sertoli cells in testis. True.

55. Gonadotrophin releasing hormones stimulates secretion of oxytocin and

testosterone. True.

56. LH is not required for spermatogenesis. False. It is required.

57. Prolactin in males facilitates some interaction between LH and its

receptors on Leydig cells. True.

58. Sertoli cells may convert testosterone into oestrogen. True.

59. Sertoli cells produce inhibin which increases production of FSH from
anterior pituitary gland.- False suppresses

60. Oxytocin injected in males prior to ejaculate results in hypospermia. False.

Hyperspermia.

61. Thyroproteins produce drop in spermatozoa production in hot weather.

False. Prevent drop.

62. Thiouracil causes increase in sperm production. False. Decrease.

63. Androgen are required for maintaining structural and secretory activity of
accessory sex glands. True.

64. Bulls with bilateral cryptorchid are always sterile. True.

65. In complete bilateral testicular hypoplasia animal is sterile. True.

66. The male animals with unilateral testicular hypoplasia will show sterility.
False. Infertility.

67. Vibriosis will lead to Impotentia Coeundi in bulls. False. Impotentia

Generandi.

68. Feminization in male dogs is observed in sertoli cell tumours. True.

69. Infertility means complete failure of fertility.-False sterility

70. Inability or reduced ability to fertilize is Impotentia Coeundi. False.

Impotentia Generandi.

71. Prognosis of Impotentia Coeundi is guarded to poor. True.

49
72. Parasitism may be an indirect cause of infertility. True.

73. Prolonged therapy with testosterone can be given when animals are
infertile. False. Should not be given.

74. Diphallus is deviation of penis either ventrally, laterally, spirally or cork

screw type. False. Phallocampsis

75. Bacteria, fungi are normal inhabitators of prepuce. True.

76. Testes, located fairly high in scrotum are called ‘high flankers’. True.

77. Dag defect is when there is a defect in nuclear pouch formation. False.
Diadem defect.

78. Pseudo droplet defect is where there is acentrically placed thickening of

acrosome. False. –Knobbed sperm

79. Golgi phase is a part of spermatogenesis.-True

80. Fraction of glycerol to semen dilutor is essential when the semen is

preserved at 50 C temperature. (False, sub zero temperature).

81. Semen should not be allowed to cool below 150C before dilution. (True)

82. Egg yolk percentage in EYC dilutors should be 30 %. (False, 20 %)

83. Sodium citrate is used as a cryoprotectant during freezing of semen.

(False, Glycerol).

84. Dilution rate of semen is calculated depending on sperm concentration

and motility. (True)

85. Dry ice is used for semen freezing at –1960C. (False, -790C)

86. Frozen semen is stored at –2960C by using liquid nitrogen. (False, -

1960C)

87. IVT dilutor is used for the preservation of semen at refrigeration

temperature. (False, Room temperature)

88. CME, CUE or IVT are the examples of commercial dilutors.

(False, ambient temperature dilutors)

89. Ideal diluent for preservation of semen at refrigeration temperature is

CME. (False, EYC or EYP)

50
90. Semen dilution is carried out for extending viability of sperm cells. (True)

91. Frozen thawed semen straw should carry at least 30 million live and motile
sperms. (False, 10 million)

92. French mini shows straws carry 0.5 ml of diluted semen. (False, 0.25 ml).

93. Volume of semen is maximum in boars species. (True)

94. Thick concentrated semen is produced by buffalo bulls (False, Rams)

95. The pH of semen is alkaline in stallion. (True)

96. Decreased concentration of sperm in semen is termed as

Oligozoospermia. (True).

97. Massage method of semen collection can be used in rams and bucks.
(False, only cow bulls).

98. Sexual arousal and semen collection is carried out by strong and
continuous electric stimulus by electro-ejaculator method. (False, weak
and alternate)

99. Semen collection is possible in wild animals. (True)

100. Vicious and uncontrollable males can be collected by AV method.

(False, electro-ejaculate)

101. Fractured and old bulls can be collected by electro-ejaculator.

(True)

102. Precoital stimulus should not be practiced in breeding bulls. (False)

103. Dogs can be collected by massage method. (False, gloved hand

method)

104. Temperature of AV is more important than pressure in stallions.

(False, bulls/ buffalo bulls)

105. Massage method is the simplest and hygienic method of semen

collection in farm animals. (False, Artificial Vaginal method)

106. Exercise reduces sperm production and libido in males. (False,

Increases)

51
107. Bulls are fresh and alert during morning hours hence collection
should not be practiced. (False, should be practiced)

108. Uretral processes is present in boars. (False, rams/bucks)

109. The Flehman reaction is absent in boar. (True)

110. Season of ‘rut’ is present in domestic animals. (False, Wild

animals)

111. Oxytocin is released at the time of ejaculation. (True)

112. Sigmoid flexure is post scrotal in boars. (False, pre scrotal)

113. Scrotal position is at the level of inguinal canal in boars. (False,

below ischial arch)

114. Os penis is present in stallions (False, Dogs)

115. Penis is fibroelastic in stallions. (False, musculoelastic)

116. Testicles are situated horizontally in scrotum in stallions. (True).

117. Seminal vesicles are absent in dogs and toms. (True)

118. Sigmoid flexure is pre scrotal in cattle. (False, post scrotal)

119. Mediastenum testes is present in stallions. (False, absent)

120. The long axis of the tests is oblique in boars. (True)

121. Ampullae are present in dog and cat. (False, absent)

122. Vesicular gland secretions of stallion constribute gel to ejaculate.

(True)

123. Seminal vesicles are the only accessory sex glands present in
dogs.(False, prostate)

124. Erectile tissue is more in bull penis than that of stallions. (False,
Less)

125. Penile errection is basically because of engorgement of sigmoid

flexure in cattle. (False, straightening)

126. Fossa glandis in dogs often contain smegma. (False, stallion)

52
127. Glance penis of ram has cork screw like appearance. (False, Boar)

128. Glance penis of boar has uretheral process. (False, Ram).

129. Corpus cavernosa uretherae gets engorged during errection.

(False, penis)

130. Penis is short with spines pointing backwards in toms. (True)

131. Friction coitus is seen in bulls and bucks. (False, stallions, boars
and dogs)

132. Pampiniform plexus of blood vessels is presents in corpus penis.

(False, testis).

133. Helicine arteries are present in testis. (False, penis)

134. Testicular descent occurs after birth in bull. (False, Dogs)

135. Androgen binding protein is secreted by the Sertoli cells in testis.

(True)

136. Luteinising hormones stimulates secretion of testosterone (True).

137. LH is not directly required for spermatogenesis. (True)

138. Oestrogens are involved in non reproductive functions in males.

(True)

139. Sertoli cells convert testosterone into oestrogen. (True).

140. Sertoli cells produce inhibin which increases production of FSH.

(False, suppresses)

141. Androgen is required for regulating activities of accessory sex

glands. (True).

142. Fertile monorchids should not be used for breeding. (True)

143. Bulls with bilateral cryptorchid are always sterile. (True).

144. Vibriosis will lead to Impotentia Coeundi in bulls. (False,

Impotentia Generandi).

53
145. Feminization in male dogs is observed in sertoli cell tumours
(True).

146. Inability or reduced ability to fertilize is Impotentia Coeundi. (False,

Importentia Generandi).

147. Parasitism may be an indirect cause of infertility. (True).

148. Diphallus is deviation of penis in male animals. (False, Dplication).

149. Phallocampsis is penile infection. (False, deviation)

150. Semen collected from healthy bulls is free of pathogens (False,

also carries)

151. Testes located fairly high in abdomen are called ‘high flankers’.
(False, inguinal canal)

54
D) ANSWER IN ONE SENTENCE :

1. What is the age of the puberty of following animals?

a) Buffalo-24-30 months
b) Dog- 6-12 months
c) Stallion- 12-24 mts.
d) Goat –4-8 months.

2.Who have done the 1st A.I. in India?

-- Dr. Sampat Kumaran.

3. Which is the most commonly used method for semen collection in Bulls?
-- artificial vagina method.

4.what is the purpose of semen dilution?

- To increase the quantity of semen sample.
- To preserve the fertilizing ability of semen.
- Help in preservation and longevity of semen.

5. Write two important properties of ideal semen diluter?

- 1) Ideal diluter provides balance of mineral elements which is essential
for the life of sperm cell.
2) It should be isotonic with bull semen and capable of maintaining the
osmotic pressure during storage.

6. Write examples of modified semen diluters.

---Soda-bi-carb, glycine diluter, Milk extender.

7. In which animal vesicular and cowpers glands are abscent?

--- Dog.

8. In which animal sigmoid flexure is absent?

--Stallion.

9. In which animal sigmoid flexure play a sex odour role?

--- Boar.

10.In cats which glands are absent?

--- Bulbus glands are absent in cats.

11. Write the volume of ejaculation of semen in swine and horse?

--- 150-200 ml and 60-100 ml respectively.

12. Which method is used for semen collection in older bulls?

--- Manipulation massage of ampulae.

55
13. What are the two major tests for microscopic evaluation of semen sample?
--- Mass activity and initial motility.

14. What are the macroscopic tests for evaluation of semen?

--- Volume, density, colour, pH , Consistency.

15. What is the normal pH of semen?

--- 6.5-7.5.

16.What is the full form of IVT diluter?

--- Illini Variable Temperature diluter

17. Which reducing sugar is present in the seminal plasma of bull semen?
--- Fructose.

18. What is the average volume of semen in Murrah buffalo?

--- 3 ml.

19.What is the volume of semen per ejaculation in Rams?

--- 0.5-2.0 ml.

20. What is the average sperm concentration per ml. In rams?

--- 2-3 billion sperms /ml.

21.What is the shape of penis of boar?

--- Cork-screw shape.

22.what is the shape of penis of stallion?

--- Cylindrical.

23. Which enzyme is present in the head of the spermatozoa?

--- Hyaluronidase.

24. Write the site of semen deposition during artificial insemination?

--- Mid cervix.

25. What are the hormones of posterior pituitary?

--- Oxytocin and vassopressin.

26. What is the function of ICSH?

--- It acts on Leydig cells for release of testosterone.

27. What is the temperature of liquid nitrogen used for preservation of frozen
semen?
---Temp. of liquid nitrogen is –196 oC.

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28. What is the shape of ovaries of mare?
--- Kidney shaped.

29. What is the shape of ovaries of sow?

--- Mulberry shaped.

30.Embryonic development of female genital system occurs from which duct?

--- Mullerian duct.

31. What is the length of sperm of bull?

--- 66 microns.

32. Which vitamin is essential for gametogenesis?

--- Vitamin A.

33. What is the temperature of artificial vagina?

--- 42-45 oC.

34. What is the required temp. for preservation of semen in liquid nitrogen?
--- -196oC.

35.at which temp. frozen semen is stored in liquid helium?

--- -296oC.

36. At which temp. Frozen semen is stored in solid CO2 and alcohol?
--- -79oC.

37. What is the length of artificial vagina in bull?

--- 30-40 cm.

38. What are the two methods of semen freezing?

--- Slow freezing and instant freezing.

39. Which hormones are called as androgens?

--- Hormones secreted by testis are called as androgens.

40. Which main nutrient is present in semen ?

--- Fructose.

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F) DEFINITIONS:

1. Aspermia – It is defined as no volume or few volume of semen samples

obtained.

2. Hypospermia – It is defined as reduced volume of semen.

3. Hyperspermia – It is defined as increased volume of semen.

4. Azoospermia – It is defined as zero concentration of spermatozoa in the

semen sample.

5. Oligozoospermia – It is defined as reduced concentration of spermatozoa

in the semen sample.

6. Normozoospermia – It is defined as normal concentration of spermatozoa

in the semen sample.

7. Polyzoospermia – It is defined increased concentration of spermatozoa in

the semen sample.

8. Asthenozoospermia – It is defined as decreased motility of spermatozoa in

the semen sample.

9. Necrozoospermia – It is termed when all the spermatozoa are dead in the

semen sample.

10. Teratozoospermia – It is defined as a high percentage of abnormal

spermatozoa in the semen sample.

11. Spermatogenesis. – The production of cellular part of semen is termed as

spermatogenesis.

12. Spermiostasis –

13. Spermiation – Release of formed germed cells (mature spermatozoa) into

the lumen of seminiferous tubules is known as spermiation.

14. Initial/Individual motility – Individual spermatozoa are observed under the

microscope to estimate the total percentage of motile sperm cells in the
ejaculate.

15. Mass activity – The sperm motility is used to access the fertilizing capacity
of the semen by observing the whole mass of semen under the
microscope and it indicates both sperm concentration and viability.

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16. Primary sperm cell abnormalities – These are abnormalities that occur due
to disorders of the seminiferous or germinal epithelium.

17. Secondary sperm cell abnormalities – These are abnormalities that occur
after the sperms have left the germinal epithelium during their passage
through the different ducts, epididymis and vas deferens.

18. Tertiary sperm cell abnormalities – These are abnormalities which are due
to damage of spermatozoa during or after ejaculation or during handling
because of excessive agitation, over heating etc.

19. Diadem effect – This is nuclear pouch formation defect confined to the
anterior border of the post nuclear cap and results from invagination of the
nuclear membrane. It is a sign of disturbed spermatogenesis.

20. Knobbed sperm – This is inherited antosomal recessive sex linked defect
related to the eccentrically spermiogenesis involving the golgi apparatus
wherein there is an eccentrically placed thickening of acrosome.

21. Dag defect – In this defect of spermatozoa the main piece is strongly
coiled over the mid piece giving an impression of short tail.

22. Flehmans reaction – During courtship, following sniffing of the female’s

genitalia and urine, the bulls keeps his head in a horizontal position with
the neck extended and upper lips are curled upwards.

23. Refractioness – Most males do not show sexual interest in female

immediately following copulation.

24. Reaction time – It is the time taken to collect the semen using an artificial
vagina by employing a non oestrus cow as mount animal in the crate for
stimulus. Good bulls donate semen within 3 minutes.

25. Tending

26. Balling up

27. Puberty – It is period when sexual organs are functionally developed the
innate sexual interests are prominent, the animal is able to produce
spermatozoa (50 million with atleast 10% progressive motile) and is able
to copulate, resulting in pregnancy in the female.

28. Sexual maturity – It is said to occur when the physiological, including

spermatogenic developments and behavioural developments are fully co-
ordinated to allow fertile service to occur.

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29. Libido – It is innate sexual desire or willingness and eagerness to mount
and attempt complete service.

30. Aphrodisac

31. Impotentia Coeundi – It is reduced to complete lack of sexual desired

ability to copulate.

32. Balanitis – Inflammation of the glans penis.

33. Posthitis – Inflammation of the prepuce.

34. Balanoposthitis – Inflammation of the penis and prepuce.

35. Phimosis – Animal is unable to normally protrude the penis.

36. Paraphimosis – Animal is unable to retract the penis into the prepuce.

37. Diphallus – There is double penis which prevents normal copulation due to
forked configuration.

38. Phallocampsus – Deviation of penis (Ventral/lateral/spiral/corkscrew).

39. Persisted fecnulum – A band of tissue extending from near the ventral tip
of the penis to the prepuce.

40. Impotentia Generandi – It is incapacity or reduced capacity to fertilise in

males.

41. Cryptorchidism – Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum
at the appropriate time.

42. Orchitis – Inflammation of the testes.

43.Andrology:- Andrology is the branch of animal reproduction which deals

with the study of physiology of male reproduction.

44. Seminology: - Physiological study of semen is called as Seminology.

45. Hormone:- hormones are the physiological organic substance produced

by a certain specialized cells and released into circulatory system foe
transferred to target organ where they try to stimulate or inhibit the
activity.

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46.Puberty: -Age time when reproductive organs become functional is
manifested by development of secondary sexual characters.

47. Sexual maturity:- indicates the appearance of mature spermatozoa in the

semen which is related with the period of 1st sexual interest which is
indicated by willingness of male to mount on female in heat.

48. Libido:- the number of ejaculation during a constant period of time.

49. Infertility:- Reduced ability of reproduction is called infertility.

50. Sterility:- Complete inability to reproduce is called as sterility.

51. Inpotentia coeundi:-It is a infertility problem in male in which sex desire is

normal or slightly reduced but bull is unable to complete coitus or
copulate.

52. Impotentia generendi:- I. generendi in male is a condition in which normal

sexual desire and ability to copulate and ejaculate is seen but a
complete or abnormality high percentage of spermatozoa fertilization
or conception failure is there.

53. Orchitis:- inflammation of testes is called as orchitis.

54. Reaction Time: - it is a time taken by the bull to mount and ejaculate when
brought near a cow or stimulus in a unstimulated condition.

55.Phalocampsis:- Deviation of the penis is called as phallocampsis.

56. Pheromones:- Pheromones are the odorous substance eliminated by

animals have a specific stimulatory effects on the animal of opposite sex .

57.Artificial insemination: - It is the introduction of male germ cells of superior

quality into the female reproductive tract by the artificial means.

58.. Cryptorchidism:- when one or both the testes fail to reach the scrotum or
descend at appropriate time the animal is termed as cryptorchid and the
condition is called as cryptorchidism.

59.. Corkscrew defect:- Irregular distribution of mitochondrial sheath.

60. Tail defect/ Dag defect: - the spermatozoal heads are normal but tails are
strongly coiled or folded.

61. Teaser:- animal on which bull mounts at the time of service is called teaser.

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62. Thawing:- Conversion of semen from frozen state at a certain temperature is
called as thawing.
63. Pseudo-droplet defect:- Local thickening of middle piece of sperm.

64. Seminal plasma:- Secretion from the accessory gland which is mixed with
the spermatozoa at the time of ejaculation.

65. Baling up:- Vices of boars, a habit of masturbation in preputial diverticulum

is called as balling up.

66. Calliculus seminalis:- A hazel-nut sized prominence located posterior to the

neck of the bladder is termed as calliculus seminalis.

67. Processus urethrae:- In ram and buck the glans penis is twisted filliform
appendage is called as processus urethrae or terminal part of urethrae.

68. Gametogenesis:- Process by which gametes are formed is called

gametogenesis.

69. Papillae:- In cock, paired vasa deferentia terminate in a double teat like
structure is known as papillae.

70.Acrosome:- Sac like organelle on the anterior portion of the sperm head that
contain several enzyme utilized during the penetration of egg
membranes by the sperm.

71.Polyspermy:- One or more supernummery sperm form pronuclei, pronuclei is

reduced in size which normally leads to triploidy

72.Semen:- Semen is the liquid or semigelatenous cellular suspension containing

male gametes or spermatozoa.

73. Spermiogenesis:- the round spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by

a series of progressive morphological changes collectively known as
spermiogenesis

74. Spermiation:- The release of formed germ cells into the lumen of
seminiferous tubules is known as spermiation.

75. Cycle of the seminiferous epithelium:- It is defined as a series of changes in a

given area of seminiferous epithelium between two appearance of the
cellular associations or developmental stages.

76. Necrozoospermia:- It is the condition in which all dead sperms are found in
the semen sample.

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