DISSERTATION REPORT ON

THE USE OF COCONUT SHELL AS COURSE AGGREGATE

IN CONCRETE

For the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In structural engineering

Submitted by
NAME REGISTRATION NO.

MAMUN RASHID 15101115010

PRAGYA KUMARI 15101115938
SARFARAZ ALAM 15101115024
SHEIKH SEHJAD 15101115014
Under the supervision of

MD WAQUAR TAIYEB
(Faculty of AZMET INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY)

Department of civil engineering

Azmet Institute Of Technology
KISHANGANJ (BIHAR)
2015-2019
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take an opportunity to thank all the people without whom I would not
have been able to complete my Dissertation report successfully as they nurtured me
with their proper guidance in collecting the necessary information and making of the
report. I am grateful to all of them for their time and wisdom. Here I would like to
acknowledge those important people.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. MD WAQUAR TAIYEB

He made sure that I learnt facts as they are in the real corporate world and prepared me
for it.

I am also indebted to all the clients for their cooperation rendered while my course of
investigation. Now I conclude the passage with sincere thanks to any and all, I may
have forgotten to mention.

My project becomes a reality only because of cooperation of many people who had
helped me in completing this project. I sincerely extended my gratitude to Mr. M.H.
ZAIDI who has given me this golden opportunity to have an insight in the corporate
world and has been a source of able guidance and support.
Irrespective of all other benefits, it was the unconditional support of my family, which
enabled me to achieve to fullest extent of my endeavour.

Best Regards

MAMUN RASHID 15101115010

PRAGYA KUMARI 15101115938
SARFARAZ ALAM 15101115024

SHEIKH SEHJAD 15101115014

 DECLARATION

I declare that the research thesis entitle “Analysis of Seismic Waves on Multi-
storey Residential Building Using Staad pro” is the bonafide research work carried out by
me, under the guidance of Mr. MD WAQUAR TAIYEB Further I declare that this has not
previously formed the basis of reward of any degree, diploma, associate ship – or other similar
degrees or diplomas and has not been submitted anywhere else.

Date:-........... Md. Waquar Taiyeb

Assistant pof.

Department of Civil engineering

Place: - Kishanganj
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that MAMUN RASHID (15101115010) has carried out the

research work presented in this thesis entitle “Analysis of Seismic Waves on Multi-
storey Residential Building Using Staad pro” for the awarded of Bachelor of
Technology from Azmet Institute Of Technology, Kishanganj Under my supervision.
The thesis embodies result of original work and studies carried out by student himself
and the contents of the thesis don’t form the thesis from the reward of any other degree
to the candidate or to anybody else.

Prof. Shrawan Kumar External Examiner

Vice- Principal
115-AIT, Kishanganj

(Md Waquar Taiyeb)

Assistnt Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
115- AIT, Kishanganj
Date:-......../....../............

Place :- Kishanganj
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that PRAGAYA KUMARI (15101115038) has carried out the

research work presented in this thesis entitle “Analysis of Seismic Waves on Multi-storey
Residential Building Using Staad pro” for the awarded of Bachelor of Technology from
Azmet Institute Of Technology, Kishanganj Under my supervision. The thesis embodies result
of original work and studies carried out by student himself and the contents of the thesis don’t
form the thesis from the reward of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else.

Prof. Shrawan Kumar External Examiner

Vice- Principal
115-AIT, Kishanganj

(Md Waquar Taiyeb)

Assistnt Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
115- AIT, Kishanganj
Date:-......../....../............

Place :- Kishanganj
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that SHEIKH SEHJAD (15101115014) has carried out the research
work presented in this thesis entitle “Analysis of Seismic Waves on Multi-storey
Residential Building Using Staad pro” for the awarded of Bachelor of Technology from
Azmet Institute Of Technology, Kishanganj Under my supervision. The thesis embodies result
of original work and studies carried out by student himself and the contents of the thesis don’t
form the thesis from the reward of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else.

Prof. Shrawan Kumar External Examiner

Vice- Principal
115-AIT, Kishanganj

(Md Waquar Taiyeb)

Assistnt Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
115- AIT, Kishanganj
Date:-......../....../............

Place :- Kishanganj
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that SARFARAZ ALAM (15101115024) has carried out the research
work presented in this thesis entitle “Analysis of Seismic Waves on Multi-storey
Residential Building Using Staad pro” for the awarded of Bachelor of Technology from
Azmet Institute Of Technology, Kishanganj Under my supervision. The thesis embodies result
of original work and studies carried out by student himself and the contents of the thesis don’t
form the thesis from the reward of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else.

Prof. Shrawan Kumar External Examiner

Vice- Principal
115-AIT, Kishanganj

(Md Waquar Taiyeb)

Assistnt Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
115- AIT, Kishanganj
Date:-......../....../............

Place :- Kishanganj
 Abstract
In order to compete in the ever growing competent market it is very important for a
structural engineer to save time. as a sequel to this an attempt is made to analyze and design a
Multi-storeyed building by using a software package staad pro. For analyzing a multi storied
building one has to consider all the possible loadings and see that the structure is safe against
all possible loading conditions. There are several methods for analysis of different frames like
kani’s method, cantilever method, portal method, Matrix method. The present project deals
with the analysis of a multi storied residential building consisting of 5 apartments in each
floor. The dead load &live loads are applied and the design for beams, columns, footing is
obtained STAAD Pro with its new features surpassed its predecessors, and compotators with
its data sharing capabilities with other major software like AutoCAD, and MS Excel.
We conclude that staad pro is a very powerful tool which can save much time and is very
accurate in Designs. Thus it is concluded that staad pro package is suitable for the design of a
multi-storeyed building.
In present scenario buildings with floating column is a typical feature in the modern
multistory construction in urban India. Such features are highly undesirable in building built
in seismically active areas. This study highlights the importance of explicitly recognizing the
presence of the floating column in the analysis of building. Alternate measures, involving
stiffness balance of the first storey and the storey above, are proposed to reduce the
irregularity introduced by the floating columns.

FEM codes are developed for 2D multi storey frames with and without floating column to
study the responses of the structure under different earthquake excitation having different
frequency content keeping the PGA and time duration factor constant. The time history of
floor displacement, inter storey drift, base shear, overturning moment are computed for both
the frames with and without floating column.
Symbols:
The following symbols has been used in our project and its meaning is clearly mentioned
respective to it:

A -Area

Ast - Area of steel

b - Breadth of beam or shorter dimension of rectangular column

D -Overall depth of beam or slab

DL -Dead load

d1 -effective depth of slab or beam

D - overall depth of beam or slab

Mu,max -moment of resistance factor

Fck -characters tic compressive strength

Fy -characteristic strength of of steel

Ld -devlopment length

LL -live load

Lx -length of shorter side of slab

Ly - length of longer side of slab

B.M. -bending moment

Mu -factored bending moment

Md -design moment

Mf -modification factor

Mx -mid span bending moment along short span

My - mid span bending moment along longer span

M’x -support bending moment along short span

M’y - support bending moment along longer span

pt -percentage of steel

W -total design load

Wd -factored load

Tc max -maximum shear stress in concrete with shear

Tv -shear stress in concrete

Tv -nominal shear stress

ɸ -diameter of bar

Pu -factored axial load

Mu,lim -limiting moment of resistance of a section with out compression

reinforcement

Mux,Muy -moment about X and Y axis due to design loads

Mux1,Muy1 maximum uniaxial moment capacity for an axial load of pu,bending

moment x and Y axis respectively

Ac - area of concrete&

Asc -area of longitudinal reinforcement for column

 TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLE
LIST OF FIGURE

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.4 SCOPE OF WORK
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
2

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 INFRENCES

CHAPTER 3
3.1 GENERAL
3.2 MATERIAL TESTS
3.3 CEMENT: ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT
3.3.1 Experiments
3.3.2 Soundness of cement paste;
3.3.3 Setting times of cement paste
3.3.4 Fineness Test;
3.4 AGGREGATES
3.4.1 Fine aggregate
3.4.2 Coarse aggregate
3.4.3 Walnut shell
3.5 WATER
3.6 CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES:
3.6.1 Air Entrainment
3.6.3 Alccofine (AF)
3.6.4 Micro silica fume (SF)

CHAPTER 4

4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 Calculation of Mix Proportion

CHAPTER 5

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
5.1 WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE
5.1.1 Mix ability
5.1.2 Transportability
5.1.3 Mould ability
5.1.4 Compatibility
5.2 FACTORS AFFECTING WORKABILITY
5.2.1 Water Content
5.3 MEASUREMENT OF WORKABILITY
5.4 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
5.5 DESCRIPTIONS OF ACTIVITIES
5.6 CURING
5.7 SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS
5.8 PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF NORMAL AGGREGATE
WITH WALNUT SHELL AGGREGATE.

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
List of table

Serial No. Topic Page no.

01 Table 5.1. Specifications of the 20
building
02 Table 5.2. Time period of 21
bare frame
03 Table 5.3. Time period vs. 23
Acceleration for Imperial
Ground Motion
04 Table 5.4. Time period vs. 23
Acceleration for San Francisco
Ground Motion
05 Table 5.5 Comparison 32
of predicted
frequency(Hz) of the 2D
concrete frame and
STAAD Pro.
06 Table 5.6 Comparison 32
of predicted maximum
top floor displacement
(mm) of the 2D concrete
frame with floating
column obtained in
present FEM and
STAAD Pro.
07 Table 5.7 Comparison of 36
predicted maximum top
floor displacement (mm)
of the 2D concrete frame
with and without floating
column under IS code
time history excitation
 08 Table 5.8 Comparison of 36
predicted storey drift
(mm) of the 2D concrete
frame with and without
floating column under IS
code time history
excitation

List of figure
Serial no. Topic Page no.
01 Fig.1.1 Framed-tube 03
structures
02 Fig 4.1 Static analysis 13
03 Fig. 5.1 Plan of the building 21
04 Fig. 5.2 Model of the 21
building
05 Fig.5.2 Bracings at Location 25
1 (Bracing A)
06 Fig 5.3. Bracings at 26
Location 2 (Bracing B)
07 Fig 5.4 Bracings at Location 27
3 (Bracing AB)
08 Fig 5.5 Bracings at Location 28
4 (Bracing C)
09 Fig 5.6 Shear Wall at 29
Location 1 (Shear Wall
A)
10 Fig 5.7 Shear Wall at 30
Location 2 (Shear Wall
B)

11 Fig 5.8 Shear Wall at 30

Location 3 (Shear Wall AB)
12 Fig 5.9 Shear Wall at 31
Location 4 (Shear Wall
C)
13 Fig. 5.10 Displacement 33
vs time response of the
2D concrete frame with
floating column plotted
in present FEM
14 Fig. 5.11 Displacement 33
vs time response of the
2D concrete frame with
 floating column given
by STAAD Pro
15 Fig. 5.12 Displacement 34
vs time response of the
2D concrete frame
without floating column
under IS code time
history excitation
16 Fig. 5.13 Displacement 35
vs time response of the
2D concrete frame with
floating column under
IS code time history
excitation

17 Fig. 5.14 Storey drift vs 35

time response of the 2D
concrete frame without
floating column under
IS code time history
excitation
18 Fig. 5.15 Storey drift vs 36
time response of the 2D
concrete frame with
floating column under
IS code time history
excitation