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The causative
The causative is formed with to have + object + past participle.
It is used when we cause someone else to do something for us, usually by paying them to do it.
I'm having my room redecorated. (I am paying a decorator to do it)
The tense is changed by altering the verb to have.
She's going to have a rose tattooed on her arm.
We have had the carpets cleaned recently.
Questions and negatives are formed with the auxiliary verb do.
Do you have your cat groomed regularly?
I didn't have my tooth pulled out after all.
The 'agent' (the person who does the job) is not usually included, unless it is particularly interesting or important.
He had his central heating repaired by the old lady next door.
The verb to get is sometimes used in place of to have. This is slightly less formal.
I finally got my bike repaired last week.
1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word in bold and
other words. Use between two and five words.
I pay someone to wash my car every week.
have
I have mv car washed every week.
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UNIT 3 _
3 Use the word at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space on the same line.
Home-workers
home-workers (4) ______ meet anyone face to face. The most RARE
world (6) is the telephone. The fax and the internet are OUT
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_ UNIT 3
two more (7) ___ links that can be used, although they TECHNOLOGY
still rely on the written, rather than the (8) ___ , word. SPEAK
4 All your money will be stolen if you go into that park at night.
you _____ ___________________
Needs + -ing
Needs +-ing is used when a certain job must be done, but we do not know - or care - who will do it:
This room needs tidying. (It is a mess)
My stereo needs repairing. (It is broken)
It is sometimes used as an indirect way of asking someone to do something:
The bathroom needs cleaning. ( Clean the bathroom ! )
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UNIT 3 -
6 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
Genitive '
_ S and -S
'
The genitive is used to show possession. It is always placed before the noun that is possessed.
The dog's bone.
To form the genitive place - 's after any singular noun, or - ' after a noun in the plural ending in -so
3 Terry and Judy will soon own that farm. That will soon be ____________
7 Did you go to the wedding of John and Paula? Did you go _______ ?
8 My parents own this building. This is ____________
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_ UNIT 3
8 Read the text below and look carefully at each line. If the line is correct put a tick (.I). If a line has a word
which should not be there, write the word. There are two examples (0) and ( 00 ) .
M y hobby
10 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word in bold and
other words. Use between two and five words.
I started working here 30 years ago, and I'm still working here.
here
I have been working here for 3 0 years.
4 The baby started crying at 8 o'clock this morning, and it still hasn't stopped.
been
The baby _______ 8 o'clock this morning.
8 When they opened the new sports centre I started training every day.
been
I have _______ they opened the new sports centre.
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_ UNIT 3
1 1 Read the text and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
Street papers
The (0) ...lL of homelessness is an international one. In the capital cities of the world, the ( 1 )__ of people
begging on the streets is becoming increasingly (2) __ . But all over the world, homeless people are taking
the future into their own (3) __ . By selling 'street papers' they no longer need to beg for a (4)__ .
The concept of the street paper is (5) __ . It is sold by homeless and ex-homeless people who buy it at a
(6) __ price of 30p and sell it to the public for 70p, keeping 40p for themselves. If they have no money, then
they can get the first ten copies on (7) __ and pay for them later. Every paper seller receives training and is
given a special (8) __ badge.
The paper itself (9) __ articles of general and social interest, film and book ( 1 0 )
__ , cartoons and the
(11) __ celebrity interview. Advertising and sales ( 12) __ most of the income, and all profits go ( B)__
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