Lab No # 1:

Introduction to Machine Design & CAD-1

 What is machine?

 Machine is defined as a combination of resisting bodies with successfully constrained

relative motions which is used transform other forms of energy into mechanical energy or
transmit and modify available energy to do some useful work.
 An apparatus using mechanical power and having several parts, each with a definite
function and together performing a particular task.
 Semi or fully automated device that magnifies human physical and/or mental capabilities
in performing one or more operations.

 What is design?

 Design is to formulate a plan satisfy a particular need and to create something with
physical reality.

 Realization of a concept or idea into a configuration.

 Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object, system or
measurable human interaction.

 Products should be

 Functional

A functional design assures that each modular part of a device has only one
responsibility and performs that responsibility with the minimum of side effects
on other parts. Functionally designed modules tend to have low coupling.

 Factor of safety

Factor of safety also known safety factor (SF), is a term describing the structural
capacity of a system beyond the expected loads or actual loads. Essentially, how
much stronger the system is than it usually needs to be for an intended load

 Reliable

Design for reliability is a collection of techniques that are used to modify the
initial design of a system to improve its reliability

 Usable

Usability is the degree to which a software can be used by specified consumers to

achieve quantified objectives with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a
quantified context of use
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 Marketable

There is no fixed machine design procedure for when the new machine element
of the machine is being designed a number of options have to be considered.
When designing machine one cannot apply rigid rules to get the best design for
the machine at the lowest possible cost.

 What is Machine Design?

 Machine is a combination of several machine elements arranged to work together as a

whole to accomplish specific purpose.

 Machine Design involves designing the elements and arranging them optimally to obtain
some useful work.

 Machine design is the process of engineering design. A machine is made up of

mechanisms that work together to satisfy the requirements of what the machine needs to
accomplish.

 Why we study Machine Design?

 Material Selection:
 Load and stress analysis.
 Deflection and stiffness.
 Failure resulting from static loading.
 Failure resulting from variable loading.
 Shafts and shaft components.
 Screws, Fasteners,
 Springs, Bearings, Clutches, Brakes etc.

 What is CAD?

 CAD (computer-aided design) software is used by architects, engineers, drafters,

artists, and others to create accurate drawings or technical illustrations
 CAD software can be used to create two-dimensional (2-D) drawings or three-
dimensional (3-D) models.
 CAD is also used throughout the manufacturing process from conceptual design and
layout of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies.
 CAD is used in the design of tools and machinery and drafting and design of all types
of buildings, from small residential building to the largest commercial and industrial
structures.
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 What is AutoCAD?

 AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting) software

application for 2D and 3D design and drafting. It is developed and sold by Autodesk,
Inc. First released in December 1982, AutoCAD was one of the first CAD programs
to run on personal computers.
 AutoCAD is a Computer Aided Design (CAD) program used by just about every
Engineering and Design office in the world. Although there are alternative CAD
packages, AutoCAD is by far the most widely used system. Autodesk's AutoCAD is
the industry leader in CAD packages. Used by Civil Engineers, Architects,
Mechanical and Electrical Engineers, Aeronautical Engineers plus many other
disciplines.