Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Rajput.R.K. “Strength of Materials”, S.Chand and Co, New Delhi, 2015.
2. Punmia.B.C., Ashok Kumar Jain and Arun Kumar Jain, SMTS –I Strength of materials, Laxmi
publications. New Delhi, 2015
3. Rattan . S. S, “Strength of Materials”, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New
Delhi, 2012
4. Bansal. R.K. “Strength of Materials”, Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2010
REFERENCES :
1. Timoshenko.S.B. and Gere.J.M, “Mechanics of Materials”, Van Nos Reinbhold, New Delhi
1999.
2. Vazirani.V.N and Ratwani.M.M, “Analysis of Structures”, Vol I Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi,1995.
3. Junnarkar.S.B. and Shah.H.J, “Mechanics of Structures”, Vol I, Charotar Publishing House,
New Delhi 2016.
4. Singh. D.K., “ Strength of Materials”, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2016
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IMPORTMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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SUBJECT NAME : STRENGTH OF MATERIALS - I
SUBJECT NAME : MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
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SUBJECT CODE : CE8301
SUBJECT CODE : CE6302(REG 2013)
REGULATION : 2017
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FACULTY
1 Mrs.R.Sheela Daniel Assistant Professor SCADCET
2 Mrs.V.Tamilarasi Assistant Professor FXEC
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Table of contents
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d Part-B 13
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e Unit II – shear and bending in beams -Part-A 27
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f Part-B 30
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g Unit III – deflection -Part-A 48
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h Part-B 51
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j Part-B 69
l Part-B 85
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x Ability to known the knowledge about springs for its maximum
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energy storage capacities.
Objective of the Subject
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1. To learn fundamental concepts of Stress, Strain and deformation of
solids with applications to bars, beams and thin cylinders.
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2. To know the mechanism of load transfer in beams, the induced
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stress resultants and deformations.
3. To understand the effect of torsion on shafts and springs.
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steel industries.
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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Rajput.R.K. “Strength of Materials”, S.Chand and Co, New Delhi, 2007.
2. Bhavikatti. S., "Solid Mechanics", Vikas publishing house Pvt. Ltd, New
Delhi, 2010.
REFERENCES :
1. Gambhir. M.L., "Fundamentals of Solid Mechanics", PHI Learning
Private Limited., New Delhi, 2009.
2. Timoshenko.S.B. and Gere.J.M, “Mechanics of Materials”, Van Nos
Reinbhold, New Delhi 1995.
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3. Vazirani.V.N and Ratwani.M.M, “Analysis of Structures”, Vol I Khanna
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Publishers, New Delhi,1995.
4. Junnarkar.S.B. and Shah.H.J, “Mechanics of Structures”, Vol I, Charotar
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Publishing House, New Delhi 1997.
5. Ugural. A.C., "Mechanics of Materials", W iley India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
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2013.
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C um u B ook
Sl. N o of
WEEK Topics lative
N o. Hours N o.
Hours
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C um u B ook
Sl. N o of
WEEK Topics lative
N o. Hours N o.
Hours
Compound Bars. T1,R3
6 2 12
,R1
UNIT II SHEAR AND BENDING IN BEAMS
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uniformly varying load
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9 Theory of Simple Bending 2 18 TI,R2
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Stress Distribution at a cross Section
due to bending moment and shear
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force for Cantilever, simply 3 22
T1,R3
,R1
WEEK supported and overhanging beams
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IV with different loading conditions
12 Flitched Beams. 2 24
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T1,R2
UNIT III DEFLECTION
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WEEK
16 Conjugate beam method 3 36 T1,R3
VI
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UNIT IV TORSION
Torsion of Circular and Hollow
19 3 39 T1,R3
WEEK Shafts – Elastic Theory of Torsion
VII Stresses and Deflection in Circular
20 2 41 T1,R3
Solid and Hollow Shafts
combined bending moment and
WEEK
21 torsion of shafts, strain energy due to 2 43 T1,R3
VIII
torsion , Modulus of Rupture
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C um u B ook
Sl. N o of
WEEK Topics lative
N o. Hours N o.
Hours
Power transmitted to shaft – Shaft in
series and parallel, Closed and Open
22 3 46 T1,R3
Coiled helical springs – Leaf Springs
– Springs in series and parallel
23 Design of buffer springs 2 48 T1,R1
UNIT V COMPLEX STRESSES AND PLANE TRUSSES
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25 Principal Stresses and Principal 2 52 T1,R3
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IX
Planes
26 Mohr's circle 2 54 T1,R3
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Plane trusses: Analysis of plane 2 56 T1,R3
27 trusses ee
WEEK X
28 Method of joints. 2 58 T1,R1
29 Method of sections 2 60 T1,R3
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Modulus of elasticity
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E=
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When a body is stressed within its elastic limit the ratio of shearing stress to the
corresponding shearing strain is constant. This ratio is known as Modulus of
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rigidity and it is denoted by G or C or N
Modulus of rigidity
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E=
E=
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=
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=
2) Explain upper yield point, low er yield point and plastic range in a stress-
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strain curve. For what type of steel do you expect upper and low er yield
points. (Apr/May2014) (May/June 2016)
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Beyond the elastic limit the material enters into plastic range and
removal of load does not return to the spectrum to its original dimensions thus
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3) What is meant by poisson’s ratio? Which material has the higher value of
poisson’s ratio? (Nov/Dec 2014) (Nov/Dec 2015)
If a body is stressed within the elastic limit the lateral strain bears a
constant ratio to the linear strain is known as poisson’s ratio.
𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
Poisson’s Ratio, µ =
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
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K= 𝑉𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑀𝐸𝑇𝑅𝐼𝐶 𝑆𝑇𝑅𝐴𝐼𝑁
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5) State: Hooke’s law. ( NOV /DEC 2012 )
It states that when a material is loaded within its elastic limit, the
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stress is directly proportional to the strain.
Stress α Strain
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σαe
σ = Ee
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e - Strain
6) Derive an expression for strain energy stored in a prismatic bar subjected
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𝑊𝐿
Change in length ∆𝑙 =
𝐴𝐸
= W / 2 x W l / AE
W2 l
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= 2AE
8) Define Resilience.
(Apr/May2015)
The strain energy stored by a body within elastic limit when loaded externally is
called Resilience.
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length to the original length of the body.
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Strain = Change in length/Original length
e = ∂L/L
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10) What is mean by thin cylinders and types of stress in a thin cylindrical
vessel subjected to internal pressure?
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If the thickness of the wall of the cylinder vessel is less than 1/15 to 1/20
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of its internal diameter, the cylinder vessel is known as thin cylinder.
11) What is mean by circumferential stress (or hoop stress) and longitudinal
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stress?
The stress acting along the circumference of the cylinder
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is called circumferential stress (or hoop stress) whereas the stress acting
along the length of the cylinder is known as longitudinal stress
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Circumferential stress, f1 = pd / 2t
Longitudinal stress, f2= pd / 4t
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1 5) W h a t yo u m e a n b y t h er m al s t r e ss e s ?
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If the body is allowed to expand or contract freely, with the rise or fall of
t em p e r at ur e n o s t r es s i s d ev e l op e d, b ut i f f r e e ex p an s i o n i s pr e v e nt e d t h e
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s t r es s d ev e l o p e d i s c a l l e d t em p er at u r e s t r e s s o r s t r a i n.
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PART-B
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Due to these stresses, the forces will be acting on the layers. These forces will
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have moment about the N.A. The total moment of these forces about the N.A for
a section is known as moment of resistance of the section.
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4. What is shear force in a beam? (Nov/Dec 2009)
Shear force at any cross-section is defined as the algebraic sum of all the forces
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acting either side of a beam
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5. Define point of contraflexure. (Nov/Dec 2010)
The point where the BM changes its sign or zero is called the point of
contraflexure.
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2012)
1. The material of the beam is homogeneous and isotropic.
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2. The beam material is stressed within the elastic limit and thus obey hooke’s
law.
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3. The transverse section which was plane before bending remains plains after
bending also.
4. Each layer of the beam is free to expand or contract independently about the
layer, above or below.
5. The value of E is the same in both compression and tension.
8.Define point of inflexion. (Nov/Dec 2011)
The point where the BM changes its sign or zero is called the point of inflexion.
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M/I = F/Y = E/R
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Where,
M - Maximum bending moment
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I - Moment of inertia
f - Maximum stress induced
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y- Distance from the neutral axis
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E - Young’s modulus
R – Radius of neutral layer.
12. What are the types of beams? (Nov/Dec 2008)
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1. Cantilever beam
2. Simply supported beam
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3. Fixed beam
4. Continuous beam
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The BM is said to be positive if moment of the forces on the left side of beam is
clockwise and on the right side of the beam is anti-clockwise.
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(or)
The BM is said to be positive if the BM at that section is such that it tends to bend
the beam to a curvature having concavity at the top.
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PART-B
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The important methods used for finding out the slope and deflection at a
section in a loaded beam are
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The first two methods are suitable for a single load, where as the last
one is suitable for several loads.
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2. Why moment area method is more useful, when compared
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with double integration? (NOV/DEC 2015)
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Moment area method is more useful, as compared with double
integration method because many problems which do not have a simple
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2015)
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Mohr’s theorem-1
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The change of slope between any two points is equal to the net area of the BMD
between these points divided by EI.
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Mohr’s theorem-2
The total deflection between any two points is equal to the moment of the area of
the BMD between these two points about the last points.
The first three types of beams simply supports beam, cantilever beam, over
hanging beam are called statically determinate structures. Since they can be
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structural element is displaced under load.
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θ=dy/dx
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7. What is the difference betw een real beam and conjugate beam?
ee (MAY/JUNE 2014)
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Sl.No Real beam Conjugate beam
1 Original beam Imaginary beam of
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beam
3 Deflection at any section of the given BMD at th e
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10) Define shear force and bending moment? (MAY/JUNE 2013)
SF at any cross section is defined as algebraic sum of all the forces acting either
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side of beam.
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BM at any cross section is defined as algebraic sum of the moments of all the
forces acting at any one side of that section.
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PART – B
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force is always is applied to transmit by rotation. This turning force is
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applied at suitable distance from the axis of the shaft. The product of this
turning force and distance of its application from the centre of the shaft is
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known as twisting moment or torque.A shaft of circular C/S is said to be in
torsion, when it is subjected to torque.
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3. Find the torque w hich a shaft of 200 mm diameter can safely
transmit, if the shear stress is not to exceed 50 N/mm2.
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π
T= τ D3
16
π
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= × 50 × 2003
16
= 78539816.34 Nmm
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T = 78.539 kNm
4. Define Polar modulus.
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T = Torque in N-mm.
τ = shear stress
G = Modulus of Rigidity.
𝑙 = length of the shaft
R = Radius of the shaft
θ= angle of twist
J = polar moment of inertia
6. Define torsional rigidity. (May 2004)
Torsion equation
T Gθ
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=
J 𝑙
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T = Torque in N-mm.
G = Modulus of Rigidity.
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𝑙 = length of the shaft
θ= angle of twist ee
J = polar moment of inertia
T𝑙
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θ=
CJ
Since C, l, J are constant, θ is directly proportional to T.
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2πNT
P=
60
N = Speed of the shaft R.P.M
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9. Write dow n the differences betw een leaf spring and helical spring.
(May / June 2014)
Leaf spring / Bending spring
A leaf, which is subjected to bending only and the resistance is
also due to bending is known as bending spring.
Ex. Laminated springs (or) leaf springs
Helical spring / Torsion spring
A spring, which is subjected to torsion only and the resistance is
also due to torsion is known as torsion springs.
10. What is meant by stiffness? What is the formula for the stiffness of a
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closed coiled helical spring subjected to an axial load? (Nov 01,
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May 03)
The stiffness of the spring is defined as the load required to
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produce unit deflection.
Stiffness (K)
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C d4
K=
64 R3 n
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1. Railway wagons
2. Cycle seating
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3. Pistols
4. Breaks etc..,
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14. Give shear stress and deflection relation for close – coiled helical
spring. (Nov.01)
Deflection (δ)
64 W R 3 n
δ=
C d4
Shear stress (τ)
16 W R
τ=
πd3
4 π R2 n
δ= × τ
Cd
15. What is meant by spring index
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Spring index is defined as the ratio of the mean diameter of the
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spring to the diameter.
mean diameter of the spring D
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Spring index = =
diameter of the wire d
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PART – B
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UNIT-V COMPLEX STRESSES AND PLANE TRUSSES
PART - A
Method of joints
n
Method of sections
g.i
Tension coefficient method
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2. What is the use of Mohr circle? (May/June 2013) (Nov/Dec 2014)
a)Perfect frame:
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The frame which is composed of such members, which are just sufficient
to keep the frame in equilibrium, when the frame is supporting an external load is
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n = 2j – 3
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no Number of members
jo Number of joints
b)Deficient frame:
If the number of members in a frame are less than (2j – 3), then the frame
is known as Deficient frame.
n < 2j – 3
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c) Redundant frame:
If the number of members in a frame are more than (2j – 3), then the frame
is known as Redundant frame.
n > 2j – 3
Analytical method
Graphical method
n
g.i
5.Write the static equilibrium equations.?(Nov/Dec2014)
rin
6H = 0, 6V = 0, 6M = 0
ee
6.Define Frame.
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1. Perfect frame
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2.Imperfect frame.
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The planes which have no shear stress are known as principal planes.
These planes carry only normal stresses. The magnitude of normal stresses,
acting on a principal plane, are known as principal stresses.
1
Maximum shear stress, (Vt.max)= 2 �(V1 − V2)2 + 4𝑞²
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10. Give the expression for stresses on an inclined plane when it is
subjected to a pull.?
11. What are the advantages of method of section over method of joints in
finding the forces in the member of a pin jointed truss?
n
g.i
In method of joints forces in two members can be determined but in
method of section at a time the forces in three members can be determined.
rin
12. What are the assumption made in the analysis of a pin-jointed plane
truss?
ee (Apr/May 2015)
gin
The assumption are,
as well as the horizontal forces acting on a joint is equated to zero. The joint
should be selected in such a way that at any time there are only two members, in
which the forces are unknown.
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PART - B
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7) Draw and describe the graphical method for solving the principal stress
problems for various cases.
GRAPHICAL METHOD:
Like stresses means both the stresses are either tensile or compressive in
nature.
n
two unequal like stresses which is tensile in nature.
g.i
Let, V1 – Major principal tensile stress
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V2 – Minor principal tensile stress
T - Angle made by the oblique section with the minor principal axis
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Consider a rectangular body subjected to two equal mutually
g.i
perpendicular and unlike stresses acting as shown in fig.
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3. Draw the line XY through O which makes an angle T with plane of V2.
4. Draw the line OC ahich is normal to the line XY and meeting the circle at
C.
ww
5. If we follow the same procedure as in the previous case we can get the
points D,F and G at a point C. (i.e., C, D, F and D are coincide)
6. We already know that if V1 is +ve and V2 is -ve, the point will lie in fourth
quadrant. Therefore, get the mirror image of F in fourth quadrant as shown
in fig. Note this point as F’.
7. Now, OF’ represents the intensity of stress on the oblique plane. It is
numerically equale to OF but inclined at an angle 2T to the normal.
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