Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Maytham S. Ahmed¹, a, Azah Mohamed², a, Raad Z. Hussain Shareef4,c, Ahmad H. Sabry5,d, khairuddin bin
Homod 3,b khalid6,a
a c
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Emirates University, P.O. Box 155511 Al-Ain,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bnagi, Selangor, UAE
Malaysia d
b
Control and Automation Engineering
Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Basrah University Putra Malaysia UPM
University, Qarmat Ali Campus, 61004 Basrah, Iraq Serdang, Malaysia
¹eng_maitham@yahoo.com, 2azah@eng.ukm.my, 4
hussain_ln@yahoo.com, 5Ahmed_hsabry@yahoo.com,
3
raadahmood@yahoo.com 6
k4khairuddin@gmail.com
Abstract— Recently, the technology of Home Energy sector, the technology developed for DR strategy is HEMS
Management System (HEMS) has expanded for the purpose of that can reduce total electric bill and peak demand by
reducing energy consumption. This paper presents the scheduling the home electrical appliances according to
development of a smart plug with a wireless Zigbee sensor for priority, comfort level and preference setting [7]. A HEMS
measuring power consumption of electrical appliances in the involves any device or product that can analyze energy
HEMS. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the power consumption, control and monitor home electrical appliances
consumption of a wireless sensor node in a smart plug using only [8].
Zigbee as a microcontroller. Experimental results showed that
the smart plug using Zigbee is capable of processing and Many smart devices such as smart meters and smart plugs
analyzing the analogue sensor signal with lower power have been used to support intelligent buildings so as to assist
consumption. In addition, the data obtained from the wireless homeowners to control the electrical appliances remotely from
sensor is more accurate and smoother as compared with the data their smart phone and make better decisions about energy
obtained from the oscilloscope. The proposed smart plug has the consumption [9]. Smart grid technologies are applied to
characteristics of simple design, low cost, low power consumption provide real-time energy consumption to consumer and utility
and easy to control electrical home appliances by switching on/off [10] and it provides two way communication between the grid
from the HEMS controller. and customers. Smart meter is one such monitoring device in a
smart grid system connected at the home entrance to allow
Keywords—smart plug; power consumption; home energy
management ; zigbee; energy efficiency; home appliance
active participation of consumer to manage power delivery
and reduce its cost [11]. A smart plug sits between the wall
I. INTRODUCTION outlet and the electrical appliance and it is used to control and
monitor appliances remotely [12]. Furthermore, it allows user
Energy management system considered by both power to get data for optimizing the usage of appliance and get
utility and customers is developed for the purpose of benefit of lower energy consumption by remotely scheduling
increasing energy efficiency, reducing energy costs and or turning on/off the appliance in a room via tablet or
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In Malaysia the smartphone using Zigbee communication [13]. Non-smart
generation in 2013 was 140.18 GWh, whereas the total appliances should also be considered for energy management
electrical energy consumption was 123.16 GWh [1]. For systems and therefore it is necessary to find a practical
efficient utilization of electrical energy, an energy solution to connect non-smart appliances to a controller. So
management system is required. It is noted that residential the design of smart plugs form a network of distributed
buildings have significantly increased the total worldwide sensing nodes, which provide remotely switch loads (on/off)
energy in which about one third of energy use is by the and control the electrical appliances in a HEMS. In this paper,
building sector [2]. In Peninsular Malaysia, about 21% of the a prototype of smart plug is developed by using a stand-alone
total energy consumption in the year 2012 was utilized for device supported with Zigbee wireless communication for
household appliances and cooling systems [3, 4]. implementing a HEMS in smart homes. A node is connected
Demand response (DR) program can support demand side to a home appliances and it is used for sending power
management so as to reduce power consumption in residential consumption data of each device by means of Zigbee
and commercial buildings by considering time of use, real communication to a data collection device such as personal
time pricing and critical peak pricing [5, 6]. In the residential computer. This method can record household daily energy
consumption in terms of current, voltage and power for each factors on the management technique of our wireless home
device. By implementing a smart plug, it is easy to control the automation system. The hardware design of the slave circuit is
appliances, low cost and it provides bidirectional shown in Figure.2
communication channel directly with the central meter of a
house.
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2015 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)
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2015 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)
IV. CONCLUSION
A smart plug prototype has been designed and developed
to measure the power consumption of electrical homes
appliances by using a wireless sensor network interfaced with
a HEM. The proposed smart plug in the HEMS allows end-
users to access power consumption information in real-time.
End-users can easily turn on/off the electrical home appliances
by connecting the appliances to the smart plug with Zigbee
communication. The results showed that proposed smart plug
is efficient and accurate in measuring the power consumption
for signals with less than 20 ms sampling periods. The
proposed smart plug prototype with the Zigbee
microcontroller can be applied for demand response in the
Fig.5 Test signal from the Zigbee RF module HEMS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors greatly acknowledge University Kebangsaan
Malaysia for funding this project under DIP-2-14-028.
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