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USN 15ME44

Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June/July 2017


Fluid Mechanics

Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 80


Note: Answer FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each module.
2. Any revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator and /or equations written eg, 42+8 = 50, will be treated as malpractice.

Module-1
1 a. Define compressibility of a fluid. Derive an expression for compressibility of a fluid
undergoing isentropic compression. (04 Marks)
b. A thin horizontal plate of area A is placed midway in a gap of height ‘h’ between two
horizontal plane surfaces. The gap is filled with a liquid of viscosity 1. The plate requires a
Important Note : 1. On completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank pages.

force F to move with a constant velocity V. The gap is now filled with another liquid of
viscosity 2 and the same plate is placed at a distance of h/4 from one wall and parallel to it.
Experiments indicate that for the same velocity V, the force required was same. Prove that
4
1   2 . (07 Marks)
3
c. A U-tube manometer is used to measure the pressure of oil of specific gravity 0.85 flowing
in a pipeline. Its left end is connected to the pipe and the right limb is open to the
atmosphere. The centre of the pipe is 100 mm below the level of mercury in the right limb.
If the difference of mercury level in the two limbs is 160 mm, determine the absolute
pressure of oil in the pipe. Take atmospheric pressure = 100 kPa. (05 Marks)

OR
2 a. Derive an expression for the depth of centre of pressure from free surface of liquid of an
inclined plane surface submerged in the liquid. (08 Marks)
b. A wooden cylinder of specific gravity 0.6 and circular in cross section is required to float in
oil of specific gravity 0.9. Find the L/D ratio for the cylinder to float with its longitudinal
axis vertical in oil, where L is the height of the cylinder and D is its diameter. (08 Marks)

Module-2
3 a. Derive the continuity equation in three dimensional Cartesian coordinates for a steady
incompressible flow. (06 Marks)
b. Write the expressions for acceleration of a fluid in x, y and z directions. Differentiate
between local and convective acceleration. (05 Marks)
2 2
c. The velocity potential function  is given by an expression   2 ln ( x  y ) . Show that it
represents a possible case of fluid flow. (05 Marks)

OR
4 a. Derive an expression for discharge through a triangular notch. (06 Marks)
b. A pump has tapering pipe running full of water. The pipe is placed vertically with the
diameter at the base and top being 1.2m and 0.6m respectively. The pressure at the upper
end is 240 mm of Hg vacuum, while the pressure at the lower end is 15 kN/m2. Assume the
head loss to be 20% of the difference in the velocity head. Calculate the discharge. The flow
is vertically upwards. The difference of elevation is 3.95 m. (10 Marks)

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15ME44
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Module-3
5 a. Prove that the velocity distribution across a cross section of a circular pipe during viscous
fluid flow is parabolic in nature. Also show that the maximum velocity is in the centre of the
pipe and is equal to twice the average velocity. (10 Marks)
b. Water at 15˚C flows between two parallel plates at a distance of 1.6 mm apart. Determine:
i) Maximum velocity
ii) Pressure loss per unit length
iii) Shear stress at the plate if the average velocity is 0.2 m/s. Viscosity of water at 15˚C is
0.01 poise. Take unit width of the plate. (06 Marks)

OR
6 a. Derive Darcy-Weisbach equation for determining loss of head due to friction in a pipe.
(08 Marks)
b. An oil of specific gravity 0.7 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300 mm at the rate of
500 litres/s. Find the head loss due to friction and power required to maintain the flow for a
length of 1000 m. Take kinematic viscosity of oil = 0.29 stokes. (08 Marks)

Module-4
7 a. What is the meaning of boundary layer separation? What is the effect of pressure gradient on
boundary layer separation? (08 Marks)
b. Using Rayleigh’s method, show that the power P developed by a hydraulic turbine is given
 N2D2 
by P  N 3 D 5   , where  = density of liquid, N = rotational speed of turbine in
 gH 
rpm, D = diameter of the runner, H = working head, g = gravitational acceleration. (08 Marks)

OR
8 a. The rate of discharge Q of a centrifugal pump is dependent upon density of the fluid ,
pump speed N in rpm, diameter of the impeller D, pressure P, viscosity of the fluid . Using
 P  
Bucking Ham’s  - theorem method, show that Q  ND 3 2 2 , 2
. (08 Marks)
 N D ND 
b. A kite 0.8m × 0.8m weighing 3.924N assumes an angle of 12˚ to the horizontal. The string
attached to the kite makes an angle of 45˚ to the horizontal. The pull on the string is
24.525 N when the wind is flowing at a speed of 30 km/hr. find the corresponding
coefficient of drag and lift. Take density of air = 1.25 kg/m3. (08 Marks)

Module-5
k
9 a. Show that the velocity of a sound wave in a compressible fluid medium is given by c 

where k and  are bulk modules of elasticity and density of the fluid respectively. (08 Marks)
b. Calculate the velocity and mach number of a supersonic aircraft flying at an altitude of
1000 m where the temperature is 280 K. Sound of the aircraft is heard 2.15 seconds after the
passage of the aircraft on the head of an observer. Take  = 1.41 and R = 287 J/kgK.
(08 Marks)
OR
10 a. Define stagnation temperature of a fluid. Show that the stagnation temperature and static
T  r 1  2
temperatures are related by 0  1    m where r = ratio of specific heats, m = mach
T  2 
number. (08 Marks)
b. Mention the applications and limitations of computational fluid dynamics. (08 Marks)

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USN 1I}ME/AU36B

Third Semester B.E. Degree Bxamination, Dec.2015 l5an"20l6


Fluid Mechanics

m
Time: 3 hrs. Max. hdarks:100
Note: Answer FIVE full qaestions, se'lecting
at least TWO qaestions from each parl

co
o
o PART_* A,
!
p- tr a. 10m3 of mercury weighs 136 x 104N. Calculate its specific weight, mass density, specific
voiume and specific gravity. (85 Marks)

g.
b. State Newton Law of viscosity, Classify different types of fluids. {05 Marks)
C)
Derive an expression for a surface tension on liquid droplet. (05 Marks)
o
d. Derive on expression for a capillary fall, when the glass tube is dipped in mercury. (05 Marks)
:QO

lo
za. State and explain Paseal and hydrodynamic laws. List the application of these [aws.
(05 Marks)
b.
aIr
.=+

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'

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The right limb of a simple U-tube manometer containing mercury is c,pen to the atmosphere
while the left limb is connected to a pipe in which a fluid of sp gravity 0.9 is flowing. The
centre of the pipe is 12cm below the level of mercury in the right limb. Find the pressure of
fluid in the pipe if the difference of mercury level in the two limb is 20cm. (05 Marks)
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c. A Tank contains water upto a height of 0.5m above the base. An immiscible liquid of
?a, Sp. gravity 0.8 is filled on the top of water upto 1m height.
Calculate
;*
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hx i) Total pressure on one side of the tank ii) The position of centre of,pressure for one side
of the tank which is 2m wide. (05 Marks)
b0c d. A rectangular plane surface 3m wide and 4m deep lies in water in such a way that its plane
ia

!= makes on angle of 30'with the free surface of water. Determine the tr:tal pressure force and
-q
position oflcentre ofpressure, when the edge is 2m below the free surfhce. (05 Marks)
ed

o€ 3a. Derive an expression for the meta-centric height of a floating body. (lS Marks)
c-x b. Ciassify the different types of Fluid Flow. (S5 Sdarks)
o .'.'
:
The stream function tbr a two dimensional flow is given by V 2xy. Calculate velocity at
.p

6! the point P(2,3), find the velocity potential function Q. (05 Martis)
aU:
!o) 4 a. Derive Bernoulli's equation for the flow of an incompressible frictionless fluid from
consideration of momentum.
w

(10 Marks)
oo"btJ
g
.nc b. The water is flowing through a pipe having diameter 20cm and 10cm at section 1 and 2
*o respectively. Tkre rate of flow through pipe is 35 litres/s. '.fhe section 1 is 5rn above da.tr-rrn
tr>
and section 2 is 4m above datum.
w

y! (trO Marks)
.-,<
,-i .j PART - B
w

.. 5 a. A venturimeter is used for measurement of discharge of water in a horizontal pipe line. If the
*/ ratio of upstream pipe diameter to that of throat is 2:1 up stream diameter is 300rarn, tl:e
d difference of pressure between the throat and upstream is equal to 3m head of water and loss
of head through meter is one eighth of the throat velocity head, calculate discharge in the
=
p1pe. (iS N{arks}
b. Explain diflerent types of forces acting in moving fluid. (S5 Marks)
c. Explain the rnethods of Dimensional Analysis. (05 Marks)

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IOMEIAU36B

6 a. F{oi,v to dletennine the loss of head due to friction in pipes by using


i) Darcy Formuia ii) Chezy formula (05 Marks)
b. Explain the terms i) ivlajor energy loss ii) Minor loss

m
iii) Hydraulic gradient line iv) Total energy line. (n0 Marks)
Find the diameter o I a pipe of length 2000m when the rate of flow of water through the pipe
is 200 .[r's and the head lost due to friction is 4m take the value of e : 50 in Chezy's

co
Formula.
(05 Marks)

Va. Derive on expression for laminar flow through circular pipe fHagen Poiseuille equation].

g.
(10 Marks)
h Derive on expression for laminar flow between two parallel stationary plates. (10 Manks)

lo
8a. Derive on expression for drag and lift. (n0 Marks)
b. State the Bernoulli's theorem for compressible flow. Derive an expression for Bemoutrli's
equation when the process is i) Isothermal ii) Adiabatic process. (10 Marks)

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