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It is a priority to have the appropriate data collection method, appropriate data collection
instruments, and appropriate data within healthcare to follow the standard for clinical reliability,
accuracy, and validity. Within healthcare most if not all procedures have a distinct protocol that
was formulated from early research to narrow down how to perform to the best aptitude. All
guidelines and accuracy of instruments and procedures are made from intensive research from
years of shared information from education, shared research, and shared experiences. Before new
technology is introduced it goes through in-depth analysis to determine how does it impact the
healthcare community. The standard within the community is always involve in discourse and
discussed in debates in topics by the top researchers and doctors of the world. Sometimes the
new instrument could improve work but it is also personal preference made by the nurse, doctor,
physician, or etc. of the tool to use. There are many options to take that a doctor and patient may
decide to partake in but it is a personal decision that can vary. The discourse within the
nursing major pending so I haven’t taken specific nursing classes yet but I noticed that there are
a vast amount of new technology that is influencing clinical data. I began to wonder how much
data validity, accuracy, and reliability is affected. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary
validity is the quality or state of being valid, well- grounded, sound, or correct. Valid information
is crucial to clinical information and patient health to introduce the right course of action for
future precautions. The Merriam-Webster dictionary also defines accuracy as the freedom from
mistake or error. It is difficult to have clinical tests with a 100% guarantee that the information is
free of any errors. Errors could come from the from the patients behalf due to inexact or faulty
information given about their symptoms report or from the choice of technology or method that
was used to gather clinical data. Reliability defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary states that
reliability involves the quality or state of being reliable, the extent to which an experiment, test,
or measuring procedure yields the same results on the repeated trials. This is very important to
have a standard in the clinical field and to also have valuable consistent results. I wanted to learn
how these keywords are involved in clinical research while trying to get to a conclusion of what
is the best way to gather and interpret information. I am also trying to research what my major
has concluded to be the standard while also taking a look into any new developments that is
The sources that I found provided crucial research information on describing the key
words’ definitions and question involved. The information that I gathered form my sources
describing and recognizing factors in trials. I learned from my sources the standard within my
major involving research and collecting information. I do have a road block of finding
information that does not involve research information on my topic that does not involve
information only to a medical point of view. I get a lot of information from that is based off of
psychology. The psychology perspective present from my sources are helpful to provide more
information for me from different a point of view. I believe that this psychology data is
comparable to the data based on clinical purposes and would help my own research to have more
support. From my sources, I have learned that there has been multiple shifts within data
collection involving the tools to use and the protocol to follow. Antonia Vlahou and Manousos
Makridakis wrote a detail edition of Springer Protocols titled “Clinical Proteomics” which
includes the standards of healthcare protocol. The textbook provides vast details on sample
collection, technologies for discovery and validation, and extracting biological relevant
biomarkers and proceeding with implementation. The book was published in 2018 and is filled
with 278 pages of context to base clinical research and data. Vlahou and Manousos composed a
great edition that includes ways to improve clinical impurities and how to heed within the
community under a standard. Within the article “Critical appraisal and selection of data
Sciedpress, is an abstract from the “Journal of Nursing Education and Practice and the online
article provides information for nurse researchers to improve valid data through the idea of using
accurate instruments to collect data. The article has a comprehensive check list to assist readers
to swiftly and appropriately apprise quantitative research collection instruments. The article’s
main goal is to aid nurse researchers to objectively discuss, weigh information, and make scholar
conclusions. The excerpt principles of the step-by-step list that involves Critical Appraisal and
Selection of Data Collection Instruments are established from the tenets of the measurement
theory, literature, and experience of the included authors involved with the schooling/education
quantitative research. I agree with the article statement of how “each data collection tool selected
should undergo a comprehensive critical appraisal to assess not only the characteristics of
reliability and validity, but to also assess the congruence of the measurement method with the
research purpose, question(s), hypotheses, design, study population, study setting, conceptual
and operational definitions of the planned study variables and the over-all measurement plans.”
These two sources have provided me with general information that I am using as my main base
for information. My other sources are to support the claims made from these two sources due to
Research Questions
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Preliminary research:
1: Citation: Roehrs, C. and Wilson, V. (2016). Critical appraisal and selection of data
collection instruments: A step-by-step guide. [online] Sciedu.ca. Available at:
http://www.sciedu.ca/journal/index.php/jnep/article/viewFile/10147/6397 [Accessed 4 Feb.
2019].
Content: The article provides step-by-step education for critical appraisal and assortment of data
collection instruments. The article describes in detail of “measurement theory, literature, and
experience of the authors in education and practice research”
Statement about the author and credibility: Written by Kathleen N Dunemn, Carol J. Roehrs,
Vicki L Wilson. They seem to be creditable from the School of Nursing, University of Northern
Colorado
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: This article provides comprehensive
information for successful data collection. It provides personal experiences from fellow
researchers while applying the data from a nursing perspective.
6: Citation: Study to Assess the Validity and Reliability of the Spinal Cord Independence
Measure (SCIM III) - Tabular View. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00573976?view=record
Content: An experiment that test ideas, thoughts, and independent measure.
Statement about the author and credibility: Collaborated with University of California, Irvine;
University of Pittsburgh; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Rancho Los
Amigos National Rehabilitation Center; University of Missouri-Columbia;
James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital; VA Long Beach Healthcare System; Allina
Hospitals and Clinics; University of Kentucky; Mayo Clinic; University of Louisville; Shirley
Ryan AbilityLab; Carolinas Healthcare System; Kessler Foundation; MedStar National
Rehabilitation Network; MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute of Ohio; Touro Rehabilitation
Center; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Medical College of Wisconsin; St. Joseph
Hospital Health Center; Thomas Jefferson University; The Institute for Rehabilitaion and
Research Foundation.
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: Testing the SCIIM for a reliable and
accurate data collection
7: Citation: Nickson, C., Chris, Monash University, Australian Centre for Health Innovation,
New Zealand Intensive Care Society, ANZICS) Education Committee, & University of
Auckland. (2016, January 03). Validity of Clinical Research • Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL •
Medical Blog. Retrieved from https://lifeinthefastlane.com/ccc/validity-of-clinical-research/
Content: A trial to test the validity of clinical data involving patients. The trial changes protocol
to see if that affects the data collected.
Statement about the author and credibility: Written by by Chris Nickson and last updated January
3, 2016
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: A trial testing the factors that affect data
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: Text describes the problems involved with
clinical trials to limit the issues in future research