RUNNING HEAD: WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE ACCURACY OF CLINICAL 1

RESEARCH

What Factors Influence the Accuracy of Clinical Research

Tyra Jackson

University of Central Florida

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Abstract

Research is an important factor of enhancing our understanding while obtaining new knowledge.

My research question investigated the factors of research that influence the accuracy of

appropriate data. Within the last 30 years, researchers have introduced progress in biomedical

research development enhancing the forms of clinical procedures that are current and for those to

come in the future. The procedure involved within research can affect the success of the process

and the information obtained. The research within this essay shares the characteristics of

technology and methodology that are involved in the process of clinical research while

understanding the administrative effect followed from the procedure. With the help of

technology, researchers have more data instruments to find deeper information improving the

process of research. Instrument selection can hinder or enhance the data obtained. When looking

for detailed diagnosed imaging researchers can determine which appropriate instrument and

procedure to use from a varied of available tools. All technology and methods perform to

different needs to tailor to achieve different information. Methodology must most accurately fit

the research study enhance the information acquired to present the most in-depth data to be

reviewed by colleagues and accepted. The research will be reviewed through numerous council

boards to evaluate all aspects of the investigation and thus analyzed to understand the

information’s importance to the medical field. Administration of the data obtained can become

published and implemented into the standard of a pharmacy, hospital, or private practice.

Keywords: clinical trials, nurses, physicians, data collection, research protocol, and

clinical administration.
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What Factors Influence the Accuracy of Clinical Research

Research is an investigation for a deeper knowledge to discover. Clinical research is the

foundation of all the medical intel that has been uncovered over hundreds of years. I wanted to

learn how these keywords are involved in clinical research while trying to understand a

conclusion of a standard. I continued my research to understand what the best ways are to gather

and interpret information that has been established by my major while also taking a look into any

new developments that is being newly introduced such as the app developed by Genospace. I

coined the idea to gain prior knowledge of my major through my research question before

completing any credit courses to provide me a greater background for the nursing field.

Method

After weeks of research, I have interpreted information regarding the appropriate

procedures of clinical research highlighting the importance of data collection within a clinical

setting. All guidelines and accuracy of instruments and procedures are made from intensive

research from years of shared information from education, shared research, and shared

experiences. The information I gathered shared intel from public websites found on Google

Scholar and articles from Google that discussed clinical research. I conducted an interview that

gave me respectful insight on my research. My research includes personal guidance and

information from Dale Strong, her career with Quintiles involve her reviewing data of clinical

trials. Within healthcare most procedures have a distinct protocol that was formulated from early

research to narrow down how to perform to the best aptitude.

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Results

Within research healthcare, the technology, methodology, and administration of the

research affect and influence the clinical world. Technology has played a crucial role by

enhancing data through the process of achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted

effort or expense. Most procedures have a distinct protocol that was formulated from early

research to narrow down how to perform to the best aptitude, through research we can test how

the data collected in different methods can impact the data records. It is a primary issue to have

the proper data collection method and instrument selection to have appropriate data within

healthcare to follow the standard for clinical reliability, accuracy, and validity. With the data

collected from research, the clinical administration sparks the discourse of what is the method to

pursue and what method is appropriate for different patient conditions.

Technology

Technology has become the forefront of clinical trial decision-making and data

collection. Technology has assisted clinical research through the process of suggesting a standard

to follow and continues to take a look into any new developments that is currently in the process

of being introduced. Clinical trials can depend on new technology to provide more data involved

within research from different perspectives. With the help of technology, researchers have more

data instruments to find more information, ranging from having the ability to use an electron

microscope to make it possible to see the resolution of half the width of a hydrogen atom.

Technology has assisted the new ability to use the Interactive Response Technology that

involves different systems that has an access to data through a web-based system.

With continuous advancements in new technologies, such as mobile apps, provide plenty

of comprehensive reports to investigate the current data, trends, and projections. As stated by
WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE ACCURACY OF CLINICAL RESEARCH 5

Pharmaceutical Product Development, since 1997 there have been plenty of new developments

that they have custom-design, developed, and individually validated more than 850 systems

worldwide, supporting more than 50,000 sites and 500,000 patients. Pharmaceutical Product

Development has held the title of the leading provider of Interactive Response Technology

systems and continues to provide more quick and efficient systems that authorizes researchers to

streamline research and ultimately reducing timelines substantially. Technology has made a

crucial impact in research in healthcare by saving time and increasing patient participation.

Patient recruitment and retentiveness is a common consistent challenge that all clinical

researchers and biopharmaceutical companies tolerate. With new advancements such direct to

patient influenced apps, can provide the solutions that can increase researcher or physician

outreach to the patient community. These direct to patient applications and web browsers have

become increasingly used with the rise of online communities. As stated on their website,

Pharmaceutical Product Development’s international clinical supplies management system fully

amalgamate with Pharmaceutical Product Development’s Interactive Response Technology, that

allows their global clinical supply company to closely maintain and manage their study inventory

for clients. Furthermore, Pharmaceutical Product Development systems are completely stocked

with clinical trial management and data management systems that Pharmaceutical Product

Development mostly established.

It is now common in today’s society that people will connect with providers to

understand their current condition or circumstance of health. There are other companies and

interfaces out there to establish client data management along with lab and clinical supplies

systems as Pharmaceutical Product Development is one of the leading examples. This integration

ensures our clients have access to full study progress information, thus enhancing decision-
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making capabilities. Along with the rise of online communities, the pharma and biotech

industries are incorporating Interactive Response Technology to capitalize on these

advancements to innovate existing clinical trial data and systems currently established while

influencing new clinical discoveries. As the future of technology is ever growing, so is medicine

and healthcare as they are closely connected to the privilege of patients as well as individuals to

take care of their own health through personal devices and technologies. Health trackers,

wearables and sensors are great devices to get to know more about our health and to commit in

clinical research. The database such as Genospace, have provided through these technologies

help provide more patients for clinical research. GenoSpace launched a clinical trial matching

app to assist researchers to health record database. This has streamlined research by allowing

physicians and participants to have another form of communication to complete a study. The

Genospace app provides a medical database of patients that researchers can connect to for

clinical research increasing the accessibility of finding the participants to take part in the study

and making it easier for patient participation. Technology is shaping clinical research and

modeling the discourse of information presented.

The instrument chosen for the study can impact the ease of the investigation due to the

researcher having the most appropriate technology to complete the study to their best ability.

Within the article Critical appraisal and selection of data collection instruments: A step-by-step

guide by Roehrs, C. and Wilson, V. (2016), is an online article providing information for nurse

researchers to improve valid data through the idea of using accurate instruments to collect data.

The article has a comprehensive check list to assist readers to swiftly and appropriately apprise

quantitative research collection instruments. The article’s main goal is to aid nurse researchers to

objectively discuss, weigh information, and make scholar conclusions. The excerpt principles of
WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE ACCURACY OF CLINICAL RESEARCH 7

the step-by-step list that involves Critical Appraisal and Selection of Data Collection Instruments

are established from the tenets of the measurement theory, literature, and experience of the

included authors involved with the schooling/education and experience/practice research. The

article communicates in great detail of conducting quantitative research. I agree with the article’s

concept of how all data collection instruments selected within a research study must undergo a

comprehensive critical appraisal to evaluate the properties of reliability and validity, but in

addition to estimate the quality of congruence of the method with the research motive, research

question(s), hypotheses, blueprint, study population, investigation setting, conceptual and

operational ideas of the intended research variables and the over-all calculation outline.

Methodology

Methodology is the design that the study will follow and the factors that affect the

outcome of the research. Within all research, different research methods have different purposes,

different levels of validity, and test different variables. Different forms of methodology can

include but not limited to true experiments, case-control studies, meta-analysis, and test tub lab

studies. Clinical trial procedures can enhance or hinder the success of systematic research due to

methodology alone. This can affect the validity of the research and the success. For example,

some physicians have a methodology that includes the physician to be the researcher while

treating patients. Many physicians complete research from these two perspectives to have more

control of the study and to investigate the information found to a fuller extent. However,

physicians that are treating patients may face the difficulty of interest involving the therapeutic

and analysis role of the physician thus affecting the methodology chosen decreasing validity of

the research. All guidelines and accuracy of instruments and procedures are made from intensive

research from years of shared information from education, shared research, and shared
WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE ACCURACY OF CLINICAL RESEARCH 8

experiences. Within the last 30 years researchers have introduced progress in biomedical

research development enhancing the forms of clinical procedures that are current and for those to

come in the future. Antonia Vlahou and Manousos Makridakis published a detail edition of

Springer Protocols titled “Clinical Proteomics” which includes the standards of healthcare

protocol. This source in particular communicates the idea that there could be multiple shifts

within data collection involving the tools to use and the protocol to follow. The methodology

presented in research is very important regarding to the data concluded. Gelijin presents the

contrasting idea that physicians that are treating patients may face the difficulty of interest

involving the therapeutic and analysis role of the physician. The author states that Swazey and

Fox, who are fellow writers of the edition, examined that physicians involved in both experiment

and treatment face stress. The authors presented the notion that the strains that are presented in

those physicians are due to the intensified experience from their usually close and continual

connection with the patients as their subjects; by fellow researchers’ scientific and ethical

criticism of their study; and by a vested interest in protecting their professional stature. They also

face a struggle in advancing them to have identification for being exceedingly successful with

development in knowledge or system. The development has been placed in a situation of the

context of the physician's medical investigation and the trust relationship between the patients

and the physicians. The method chosen involved greatly research because many different

research designs can be used especially if the research involves the affects study of human

growth and development.

Administration

The administration of the research findings sparked discussion of the data presented and

how the interpretation of the study will affect healthcare. Plenty of evidence of development of
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research from different point of views to highlight different treatments but the decision to take is

limited to physician and organization convention. Quality questionnaire form presented to the

patients after the conducted study can help pharmaceutical companies evaluate the success of the

research in terms of the patient well-being. The research will be reviewed through numerous

council boards to evaluate all aspects of the investigation and thus analyzed to understand the

information’s importance to the medical field. Administration of the data obtained can become

published and implemented into the standard of a pharmacy, hospital, or private practice. The

data obtained and the patient questionnaire prompts the discourse of what is the method to

pursue and what method is appropriate for different patient conditions. The discourse is

continuous but clinical rules and implementations have been suggested to create a standard

within the field. It is very important to have a standard in the clinical field, valuable consistent

results, and to limit any crucial errors. To have the appropriate data research within healthcare is

the foundation to follow the standard for clinical reliability, accuracy, and validity.

Discussion

The success of the evaluation is strongly based on having professional self-regulation and the

interpretation from institutional review boards. Review boards are not necessarily contacted

before investigation research and the board does not conduct in-depth background inspection of

the research outline, so it is crucial to have an appropriate study so that the conclusions can be

accurate and accepted. Having a good foundation of research is crucial especially in regard to

peer review ounce the research is published. There are many important segments involved with

research such as initiation of an idea, formation of a research question, appropriate study design,

protocol of research, and interpretation of information obtained is connected to methodology of

the study and impacts the success of the research.

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