Figure 9.

4-4 Spherical shell or dished end with isolated opening and reinforcing plate

The calculation pressure: P 2,5 [Mpa]

The test pressure: Ptest 3,8 [Mpa]
The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at
calculation temperature: Rp0,2T 355 [Mpa]

The minimum tensile strength at 20°C: Rm/20 450 [Mpa]

The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at
calculation temperature reinforcing plate: Rp0,2Tp 250 [Mpa]
The minimum tensile strength at 20°C reinforcing
plate: Rm/20p 450 [Mpa]
Joint coefficient: z 1 []
The diameter of a hole, or the inside diameter of a
nozzle: d 400 [mm]
Inside radius of curvature of the shell at the opening
centre: ris 1000 [mm]

Analysis thickness of shell wall or mean analysis

thickness within the length l's and excluding the
thickness of the reinforcing pad if fitted: ea,s 30 [mm]
Assumed shell thickness of shell wall for checking of
reinforcement of an opening. The thickness may be
assumed by designer between the minimum required
shell thickness e and the shell analysis thickness ea,s.
This assumed thickness shall then be used consistently
in all requirements: ec,s 35 [mm]
Length of shell, from the edge of an opening or from
the external diameter of a nozzle, to a shell
discontinuity: ls 1500 [mm]
Analysis thickness of reinforcing plate: ea,p 10 [mm]
Width of reinforcing plate: lp 100 [mm]
Cross-sectional area of fillet weld between nozzle (or
plate) and shell: Afw 3,20E+01 [mm2]
Nominal design stress of shell material for normal
operating cases:
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ;
1,5 2,4
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7
1,5 2,4
fs 187,5 [Mpa]

Nominal design stress of shell material for test cases:

𝑅 ,
𝑓 =
1,05
fstest 338,1 [Mpa]

Nominal design stress of reinforcing plate material for

normal operating cases:
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ;
1,5 2,4
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7
1,5 2,4
fp 166,7 [Mpa]
Nominal design stress of reinforcing plate material for
test cases:
𝑅 ,
𝑓 =
1,05
fptest 238,1 [Mpa]
Minimal nominal design stress of reinforcing plate
material for normal operating cases:
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ; 𝑓
fop 166,7 [Mpa]
Minimal nominal design stress of reinforcing plate
material for test cases:
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ;𝑓
foptest 238,1 [Mpa]
Maximum length of shell contributing to opening
reinforcement, taken on the mean surface of the shell
wall:
𝑙 = 2𝑟 + 𝑒 , ∗𝑒 ,

lso 266,9 [mm]

Effective length of shell for opening reinforcement:

𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 𝑙
l´s 266,9 [mm]
Medium radius of curvature of the shell at the opening
centre:
𝑟 = 𝑟 + 0,5 ∗ 𝑒 ,
rms 1015,0 [mm]
Coefficient:
𝑑
𝛿=
2∗𝑟
δ 0,20 []

Distance taken along the mid-thickness of the shell

between the centre of an opening and the external
edge of a nozzle or a ring; or, if no nozzle or ring is
present, a is the distance between the centre of the
hole and its bore:
𝑎=𝑟 ∗ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛿
a 201,3 [mm]
Pressure loaded area the shell:
𝑙´ + 𝑎
𝐴𝑝 = 0,5 ∗ 𝑟 ∗ +𝑎∗ 𝑒 , +𝑒 ,
0,5 ∗ 𝑒 , + 𝑟
Aps 2,39E+05 [mm2]
Stress loaded cross-sectional area effective as
reinforcement the shell:
𝐴𝑓 = 𝑙 ´ ∗ 𝑒 ,
Afs 9,34E+03 [mm2]

Effective width of reinforcing plate for reinforcement:

𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 𝑙
l´p 100,0 [mm]
Effective thickness of reinforcing plate for
reinforcement calculation:
𝑒 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑒 , ;𝑒 ,
ep 10,0 [mm]
𝑒 , ≤ 1,5 ∗ 𝑒 15 yes

Stress loaded cross-sectional area reinforcing plate

effective as reinforcement:
𝐴𝑓 = 𝑙 ´ ∗ 𝑒
Afp 1,00E+03 [mm2]
𝐴𝑓 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃
≥1
𝑃 ∗ 𝐴𝑝
3,2 yes
𝐴𝑓 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃
≥1
𝑃 ∗ 𝐴𝑝
3,7 yes