Figure 9.

4-5b Conical shell with isolated opening and reinforcing ring, with external blind
flange B

The calculation pressure: P 2,5 [Mpa]

The test pressure: Ptest 3,8 [Mpa]
The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at
calculation temperature: Rp0,2T 355 [Mpa]

The minimum tensile strength at 20°C: Rm/20 450 [Mpa]

The minimum yield strength or 0,2% proof strength at
calculation temperature reinforcing ring: Rp0,2Tr 250 [Mpa]

The minimum tensile strength at 20°C reinforcing ring: Rm/20r 450 [Mpa]
Joint coefficient: z 0,7 []

The inside diameter of reinforcing ring: dir 400 [mm]

The semi angle of come at apex: α 30 [°]
Cylindrical or spherical shell, the cylindrical part of a
torispherical dished end, or a conical shell at the
centre of an opening; for elliptical ends De is two times
the external radius of the spherical part of the
equivalent torispherical end: De 2060 [mm]
Analysis thickness of shell wall or mean analysis
thickness within the length l's and excluding the
thickness of the reinforcing pad if fitted: ea,s 30 [mm]

Assumed shell thickness of shell wall for checking of

reinforcement of an opening. The thickness may be
assumed by designer between the minimum required
shell thickness e and the shell analysis thickness ea,s.
This assumed thickness shall then be used consistently
in all requirements: ec,s 35 [mm]
Length of shell, from the edge of an opening or from
the external diameter of a nozzle, to a shell
discontinuity: ls 1500 [mm]
Analysis thickness of reinforcing ring: ea,r 60 [mm]
Width of reinforcing ring: lr 100 [mm]
Cross-sectional area of fillet weld between nozzle (or
plate) and shell: Afw 3,20E+01 [mm2]
Nominal design stress of shell material for normal
operating cases:
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ;
1,5 2,4
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7
1,5 2,4
fs 168,8 [Mpa]

Nominal design stress of shell material for test cases:

𝑅 ,
𝑓 =
1,05
fstest 338,1 [Mpa]

Nominal design stress of reinforcing ring material for

normal operating cases:
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ;
1,5 2,4
𝑅 , 𝑅 /
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0,9; ∗ 0,9 : 𝑧 ≤ 0,7
1,5 2,4
fr 150,0 [Mpa]
Nominal design stress of reinforcing ring material for
test cases:
𝑅 ,
𝑓 =
1,05
frtest 238,1 [Mpa]
Minimal nominal design stress of reinforcing ring
material for normal operating cases:
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ; 𝑓
for 150,0 [Mpa]
Minimal nominal design stress of reinforcing ring
material for test cases:
𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓 ;𝑓
fortest 238,1 [Mpa]

Distance taken along the mid-thickness of the shell

between the centre of an opening and the external
edge of a nozzle or a ring; or, if no nozzle or ring is
present, a is the distance between the centre of the
hole and its bore:
𝑑
𝑎=
2
a 200 [mm]
Inside radius of curvature of the shell at the opening
centre:
𝐷
𝑟 = −𝑒 ,
2 cos 𝛼
ris 1159,3 [mm]
Effective thickness of reinforcing ring for
reinforcement calculation:
𝑒 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑒 , ; 𝑚𝑎𝑥 3𝑒 , ; 3𝑙
er 60 [mm]
Average thickness along the length lo for reinforcing
rings:
𝑙
𝑒 , =𝑒 , + 𝑒 −𝑒 ,
𝑙
ea,m 42,9 [mm]

Maximum length of ring and shell wall in reinforcing

rings for reinforcement:
𝐷
𝑙 = − 2𝑒 , +𝑒 , ∗𝑒 ,
cos ∝

lo 318,1 [mm]
Effective length of shell for opening reinforcement:
𝑙 ´ = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑙 ; 𝑙 − 𝑙
l´s 218,1 [mm]
Pressure loaded area the shell:
𝐴𝑝 = 0,5 ∗ 𝑙 ´ + 𝑙 + 𝑎 ∗ 2𝑟 + 𝑙 ´ + 𝑙 + 𝑎 tan ∝ + 𝑒 , ∗𝑎
Aps 6,90E+05 [mm2]

Stress loaded cross-sectional area effective as

reinforcement the shell:
𝐴𝑓 = 𝑙 ´ ∗ 𝑒 ,
Afs 7,63E+03 [mm2]

Stress loaded cross-sectional area reinforcing ring

effective as reinforcement:
𝐴𝑓 = 𝑙 ∗ 𝑒
Afr 6,00E+03 [mm2]
𝐴𝑓 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃
≥1
𝑃 ∗ 𝐴𝑝
1,3 yes
𝐴𝑓 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃 + 𝐴𝑓 𝑓 − 0,5𝑃
≥1
𝑃 ∗ 𝐴𝑝
1,5 yes