Location Tracker Using GSM Sim800 and Arduino

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ARDUINO
DIY Location Tracker using GSM SIM800 and

Arduino
 Apr 27, 0
By Aswinth Raj 2019
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DIY Location Tracker using GSM SIM800 and Arduino
Self-driving cars and connected vehicles, is sure to change the way we commute in the future.
Today companies like Tesla are encouraging its owners to lend out their cars as robot taxis
when not used, recently its CEO Elon Musk took it to twitter to state that there will be more
than 1 million robot taxis on road by 2020. This will not only impact general transportation but
also change the way how logistics operate today.
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With driver-less cars carrying passengers and Trucks carrying valuable cargo, it brings in the
need for a Fleet Management system in which we need to track them to know their location
and ensure if they are at the right place at the right time. Generally a GPS Module is used for

any sort of location tracking but here in this tutorial we will use GSM SIM800 module to build a
simple Location tracking system with Arduino. This GPRS tracking system compromises the
GSM modem and the microcontroller (Arduino) and is fabricated on a PCB from PCBGOGO. It
works in such a way that when a phone call is made to the GSM module, the module will check
the location and sends it back as a text message with Google map link to the number from
which the phone call is made. This link when opened on phone will pin the location of modem
on Google Maps. Sounds Interesting enough!!? So, let’s get started. Installing and Testing Mosquitto MQTT
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Communication
Circuit Diagram
This GSM car tracker system will use GPRS of SIM800 GSM module which will be connected
with a microcontroller like Arduino. Although both the GSM module and the Arduino boards are
available as separate packages I decided to make my own circuit combining both of them on a
single board to save cost and space. The board can be powered by a 12V adapter or from the
12V battery in the cars/trucks, the on board buck converter will step down the 12V to 4V for What is Capacitor Leakage Current and
How to Reduce It
GSM module and as 3.3V for the microcontroller to work. The complete circuit diagram is given
below.

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Further below I will split this circuit diagram into blocks and explain them to make sure you
can use them or modify them according to your application needs. Log in
LM2596 Power module

We have used the LM2596 Buck regulator IC to provide 4V to the SIM800 module from the
input 12V. The SIM800 module requires around 2A peak current when initialized and searching
for network, hence the power supply should be able to source that current, else the module will
enter shutdown mode, and hence the LM2596 IC is selected which can supply upto 3A. The
power supply regulator circuit is shown below.
The 12V unregulated voltage is provided to pin 1 and the regulated voltage is obtained on pin ,2
which is then passed through an LC filter of value 100uH and 470uF respectively to filter
output switching noise. The output voltage can be set by using the resistors R30 and R29
forming the potential divider circuit and connected to feedback pin as shown above. The
formulae to calculate the output voltage for LM2596 is given below

Vout = 1.23 * ((R1+R2)/R1)
In our case for the above diagram, R29 is R1 and R30 is R2. So I have selected a value of 1k for
R29 and 2.2k for R30 to get an output voltage of 4V. Note that the SIM800 module reacquires
voltage between 3.7V to 4.2V to operate normally.
Powering and Communicating with SIM800 IC

The SIM800 GSM modem is commonly available as modem, but we have used the bare IC
package to reduce board space and cost. Using the SIM800 modem is pretty much straight
forward, we simply have to power the IC though the VBAT and GND pins and then use the PWR
KEY pin to enable the modem by pulling the pin down for 1 second. By default the pin is pulled
high internally to VBAT through a resistor.

The voltage for VBAT comes from the regulated voltage (GSM_VCC) of LM2596 IC. The pin is
named VBAT because it is normally power by a Lithium Battery, so if you are using it on
portable devices then you can skip the LM2596 circuit and connect it directly to a lithium
polymer battery. Then we have the network pins connected to a 6-pin SIM card colder to
connect with our SIM card. The NETLIGHT pin is connected to a LED, this LED will act as a
status LED to indicate the network status, though it is optional. Similarly the BT_ANT pin can
be used to connect the module to an antenna to find network connection easily, which is again
optional.
Finally we have the TxD and RxD pins pulled out to a header pin, these two pins will be used to
communicate with a microcontroller like Arduino through the standard USART protocol at 9600
baud rate. The other connections shown in the circuit above is optional and does not hood any
significant importance for this project.
Microcontroller Side of GSM Locator

On the Microcontroller side we have theATMEGA328P chip form AVR, which is the one used in
Arduino UNO/Nano, but here the controller is embedded directly on the board to communicate
with the SIM800 module. Since the SIM800 module operates in 3.3V logic, I decided to operate
the ATmega328 chip also with 3.3V itself since it also supports both 3.3V and 5V operating
voltages.

Microcontroller Side of GSM Locator Circuit Diagram
So as shown above I have used theAMS1117 3.3V regulator IC to regulate 3.3V form the input
12V and use it to power the Atmega328 IC. Although the SIM800 works on 3.3V logic level, it
can also communicate with Arduino Nano/Uno externally without the need of any logic level
converters. The circuit also pulls out some pins through headers to help us program the
Atmega328 IC using an external FTDI programmersimilar to what we do with Arduino Pro mini
in 3.3V mode.

Fabricating PCB for GSM Location Tracker
Now that we have a circuit that combines the GSM module with a microcontroller we have to
fabricate it on a PCB. Again to save board space I decided to use a double side board with SMD
components, so I opened my PCB designing software and assigned the packages and the
components used in above circuit and began designing my PCB. Once the Design was
complete it looked something like this.
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Fabricating PCB for GSM Location Tracker
You can also download the design files in GERBER format and fabricate it to get your boards.
The Gerber file link is given below
Download Gerber file for Arduino GSM Location tracker
Now, that our Design is ready it is time to get them fabricated. To get the PCB done is quite
easy, simply follow the steps below
Step 1: Get into www.pcbgogo.com, sign up if this is your first time. Then, in the PCB
Prototype tab enter the dimensions of your PCB, the number of layers and the number of PCB
you require. Assuming the PCB is 80cm×80cm you can set the dimensions as shown below.

Step 2: Proceed by clicking on the Quote Now button. You will be taken to a page where to set
few additional parameters if required like the material used track spacing etc. But mostly the
default values will work fine. The only thing that we have to consider here is the price and time.
As you can see the Build Time is only 2-3 days and it just costs only $5 for our PSB. You can
then select a preferred shipping method based on your requirement.
Step 3: The final step is to upload the Gerber file and proceed with the payment. To make sure
the process is smooth PCBGOGO verifies if your Gerber file is valid before proceeding with the
payment. This way you can sure that your PCB is fabrication friendly and will reach you as
committed.

Assembling the PCB
After the board was ordered, it reached me after some days though courier in a neatly labeled
well packed box and like always the quality of the PCB was awesome. I turned on my soldering
rod and started assembling the Board. Since the Footprints, pads, vias and silkscreen are
perfectly of the right shape and size I had no problem assembling the board. For example the
SMD pads of my 68 pin SIM800 module were of great quality and looked perfect like shown
below after soldering the SIM800.
I proceeded with soldering the other components and the board was ready in just 40 minutes
from the time of unpacking the box. Few pictures of the board after soldering are shown
below.

Soldered PCB for GSM Location Tracker
Soldered PCB Back View for GSM Location Tracker
As you can see I have not used the microcontroller side of the board as it is still in testing
stage, so for this tutorial I will hook up the GSM module with an external Arduino nano through
the header pins. I will provide an update once the microcontrller part is also tested.

Connecting the Board to Arduino Nano
The external header on the board labeled as P2 can be connected to the Arduino Nano directly.
Here I have connected the pins according to the table below
Arduino Nano SIM800
Pin D12 PWR_KY
Pin D11 TxD
Pin D10 RxD
Gnd GND
The power key connected to pin D12 is used to enable/disabling the module after power up,
this helps in saving power when the module is not used. Pin D11 and D12 is connected to Tx
and Rx pins respectively, we will program the Arduino to used these pins as software serial to
communicate with the board. The set-up looks like this below once the connections are made.

Programming Arduino for GPRS Vehicle Tracking
System
The complete project can be split into three major sections, such as receiving the call from the
user, getting the GPS co-ordinates from SIM800, sending the GPS data to caller via SMS. Since
we have already learnt how to send SMS using GSM module and Arduino and handle calls with

GSM module we will not discuss much about that in this article.
Obtaining geo-coordinates locations (Latitude and Longitude) from SIM800 GSM module:
Obtaining GPS coordinate from GPS is easy compared to GSM. The following AT commands
will be used to obtain the location information in DD format from the SIM800 module
AT command Description
AT+CGATT=1 Connect SIM to GPROS
Activate bearer profile with connection type

AT+SAPBR=3,1,"CONTYPE","GPRS"
GPRS
AT+SAPBR=3,1,"APN","RCMNET" Set VPN for bearer Profile
AT+SAPBR=1,1 Open Bearer profile
AT+SAPBR=2,1 Get the IP address of the bearer profile
Request for location Pincode, latitude and

AT+CIPGSMLOC=1,1
longitude
Note: Make sure the SIM supports 2G and GPRS plan before proceeding with the above steps.
The commands when executed directly over serial communication will respond like this shown
below

I have encircled the final location result on the image above. As you can see theresponse for
the command “AT+CIPGSMLOC=1,1” will be something like this
+CIPGSMLOC: 0,75.802460,26.848892,2019/04/23,08:32:35
Where 0 is the location Pin code (fails to fetch in India), 26.8488832 is Latitude and 75.802460
is longitude. So we have to crop these values out from this result and append it to a Google
Map link to point the place and address on a map. The link will be something like this
https://www.google.com/maps/place/26.8488892,75.802460
We will use our Arduino code to do this and send the link as an SMS to our phone when
requested. As always the complete program with a detailed video is given at the end of this
page, but I have explained the program into small snippets below to help you understand it.
The Arduino communicates with the SIM800 module though serial communication with AT
command. For every AT command we sent the module will reply character after character and
if the result is successful the message will end with OK. So, before we start with our program
we write a function called SIM800_send which will take in AT command as string and pass it to
the GSM module using SIM800. println command and then use the SIM800.read() function to
get the result back from the SIM800 module and return it. The function is shown below
String SIM800_send(String incoming) //Function to communicate with SIM800

module
{
SIM800.println(incoming); delay(100); //Print what is being sent to G
SM module
String result = "";
while (SIM800.available()) //Wait for result
{
char letter = SIM800.read();
result = result + String(letter); //combine char to string to get res
ult
}
return result; //return the result
}
Inside the setup function, we initialize the serial monitor and SIM800 communication and 9600
baud rate and also make the pin 12 (PWR_KY) low for 1 second to enable the GSM module.
Then we use the above created function to communicate with the GSM module. We first enable
echo by using “ATE1” and then start following the commands listed above to get co-ordinates
from GSM module. After each AT command we print the response on the serial monitor for
debugging purpose, the code for the same is given below
void setup() {
//PWRKY pin of GSM module has to be pulled low for 1sec to enable the mod
ule
pinMode(12,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(12, LOW); //Pull-down
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(12, HIGH); //Release
Serial.begin(9600); //Serial COM for debugging

SIM800.begin(9600); //Software serial called SIM800 to speak with SIM80
0 Module
delay(1000); //wait for serial COM to get ready
responce = SIM800_send("ATE1"); //Enable Echo if not enabled by default

Serial.print ("Responce:"); Serial.println(responce);
delay(1000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+CGATT=1"); //Set the SIM800 in GPRS mode

delay(1000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"CONTYPE\",\"GPRS\" "); //Activat

e Bearer profile
delay(1000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"APN\",\"RCMNET\" "); //Set VPN o

ptions => 'RCMNET' 'www'
delay(2000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=1,1"); //Open bearer Profile

Serial.print ("Responce:"); Serial.println(responce); //Open bearer Pro
file
delay(2000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=2,1"); //Get the IP address of the bea

rer profile
delay(1000);
}

Note that we have not used the last AT command in the list which will actually fetch the
location co-ordinates. This is because we will use them only when a call is placed to the GSM
module.
Inside the loop function, we check if the Module is saying anything. If the module receives a
call it will print out “RING”. So, we make out program to check for RING buy combining all the
output char to string and compare it directly to “RING”. The code for the same is shown below.
if (SIM800.available()) { //Check if the SIM800 Module is telling anyth

ing
char a = SIM800.read();
Serial.write(a); //print what the module tells on serial monitor
incoming = incoming + String(a);
if (a == 13) //check for new line
incoming =""; //clear the string if new line is detected
incoming.trim(); //Remove /n or /r from the incomind data
if (incoming=="RING") //If an incoming call is detected the SIM800 mo

dule will say "RING" check for it
{
If a RING is detected, it is time to fetch the location data, trim the data and converter it to a
google map link and nally send it as an SMS. But before that we need to hang up the
incoming call, to do this we use the command “ATH”. Then we disable echo using ATE0 and
use the “AT+CIPGSMLOC=1,1” command to get the location data from the internet.

Serial.println ("Sending sms"); delay(1000);
responce = SIM800_send("ATH"); //Hand up the incoming call using ATH
delay (1000);
responce = SIM800_send("ATE0"); //Disable Echo
delay (1000);
responce = ""; Latitude=""; Longitude=""; //initialise all string to
null
SIM800.println("AT+CIPGSMLOC=1,1"); delay(5000); //Request for locat
ion data
Again, we use the same while loop technique to convert the output characters to string.This
time the string will have the response from the AT+CIPGSMLOC=1,1 command which will
contain the latitude and longitude information as we discussed already. We will use the
prepare_message() function to trim the value of latitude and longitude. As you can see in the
below sample message
+CIPGSMLOC: 0,75.802460,26.848892,2019/04/23,08:32:35
The value of longitude is followed by the first command and ends with second command.
Similarly the value of latitude starts with second command and ends with third comma. We
can make use of these characteristics to fetch the latitude and longitude values form the
program. Using the below code

void prepare_message()
{
//Sample Output for AT+CIPGSMLOC=1,1 ==> +CIPGSMLOC: 0,75.802460,26.8
48892,2019/04/23,08:32:35 //where 26.8488832 is Lattitude and 75.802460 i
s longitute
int first_comma = responce.indexOf(','); //Find the position of 1st com
ma
int second_comma = responce.indexOf(',', first_comma+1); //Find the pos
ition of 2nd comma
int third_comma = responce.indexOf(',', second_comma+1); //Find the pos
ition of 3rd comma
for(int i=first_comma+1; i<second_comma; i++) //Values form 1st comma t

o 2nd comma is Longitude
Longitude = Longitude + responce.charAt(i);
for(int i=second_comma+1; i<third_comma; i++) //Values form 2nd comma t

o 3rd comma is Latitude
Latitude = Latitude + responce.charAt(i);
Now that we have our latitude and longitude value we just have toattach it to our Link with a
comma in-between to form the Link. The code for the same is given below.
Serial.println(Latitude); Serial.println(Longitude);
Link = Link + Latitude + "," + Longitude; //Update the Link with latitu
de and Logitude values
Finally we can send the Link as SMS to a mobile number. Here I have hardcoded the mobile
number with the command AT+CMGS="907923XXXX", make sure you replace the command
with your phone number.

SIM800.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //Set the module in SMS mode
delay(1000);
SIM800.println("AT+CMGS=\"907923XXXX\""); //Send SMS to this number

delay(1000);
SIM800.println(Link); // we have send the string in variable Link

delay(1000);
SIM800.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z - used to terminate

the text message
delay(1000);
Testing the GPRS Tracking Device

Make the connections as discussed and upload the code to your Arduino Nano board. Insert
the SIM card and make sure your network signal is established. One way to do this by
monitoring the LED on your GSM module, which should flash once in every 3 seconds. Now
open the serial monitor and you should see the following messages in your screen

This means that your GSM module is set for fetching co-ordinates and is ready to take
incoming calls. You can simply call to your GSM SIM number from any number and you will
notice the call getting hanged up after rst few rings and you will get a message to number
which you have entered in the program. The text message will be contain the Google map link
as shown below

Click on the link and you phone will automatically take you to Google maps and plot the
received location on your phone with a red color pin. You can then navigate to the location or
get the address of that location. The above link when opened appears like this

As you can see the blue dot is the location fetched by my phone’s GPS and thered marker is
the location given by our GSM module. As expected it is not as accurate as GPS but it would
still work fine for our application and is very effective since the same module can be used to
receive calls and send SMS. If you want to track location using GPS then follow the link.
The complete working of the project can be found in the video linked below. Hope you liked the
project and enjoyed building it. If you have any questions leave them in the comment section
or use the forums for other technical discussions.

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Code
/*Program to send Latitude and Logitute Information from SIM800 to Phone via SMS on call request
* Code by: B.Aswinth Raj
* For: www.circuitdigest.com
* Dated:23-04-2019
* Sample Output for AT+CIPGSMLOC=1,1 ==> +CIPGSMLOC:
0,75.802460,26.848892,2019/04/23,08:32:35 //where 26.8488832 is Lattitude and 75.802460 is
longitute
* Link to send: https://www.google.com/maps/place/26.8488892,75.802460 //where 26.8488832 is

Lattitude and 75.802460 is longitute
*/
#include <SoftwareSerial.h> //Software Serial header to communicate with GSM module
SoftwareSerial SIM800(10, 11); // RX, TX
String Link = "The current Location is https://www.google.com/maps/place/"; //we will append the
Lattitude and longitude value later int the program

String responce = "";
String Longitude = "";

String Latitude = "";
String SIM800_send(String incoming) //Function to communicate with SIM800 module

{
SIM800.println(incoming); delay(100); //Print what is being sent to GSM module

String result = "";
while (SIM800.available()) //Wait for result

{

result = result + String(letter); //combine char to string to get result
return result; //return the result

}
void setup() {
//PWRKY pin of GSM module has to be pulled low for 1sec to enable the module
pinMode(12,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(12, LOW); //Pull-down

delay(1000);
digitalWrite(12, HIGH); //Release

Serial.begin(9600); //Serial COM for debugging
SIM800.begin(9600); //Software serial called SIM800 to speak with SIM800 Module
delay(1000); //wait for serial COM to get ready
responce = SIM800_send("ATE1"); //Enable Echo if not enabled by default

delay(1000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+CGATT=1"); //Set the SIM800 in GPRS mode

delay(1000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"CONTYPE\",\"GPRS\" "); //Activate Bearer profile

delay(1000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"APN\",\"RCMNET\" "); //Set VPN options => 'RCMNET'

'www'

delay(2000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=1,1"); //Open bearer Profile
Serial.print ("Responce:"); Serial.println(responce); //Open bearer Profile
delay(2000);
responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=2,1"); //Get the IP address of the bearer profile

delay(1000);
void prepare_message()
{
//Sample Output for AT+CIPGSMLOC=1,1 ==> +CIPGSMLOC:
0,75.802460,26.848892,2019/04/23,08:32:35 //where 26.8488832 is Lattitude and 75.802460 is

longitute
int first_comma = responce.indexOf(','); //Find the position of 1st comma
int second_comma = responce.indexOf(',', first_comma+1); //Find the position of 2nd comma

int third_comma = responce.indexOf(',', second_comma+1); //Find the position of 3rd comma
for(int i=first_comma+1; i<second_comma; i++) //Values form 1st comma to 2nd comma is
Longitude
Longitude = Longitude + responce.charAt(i);
for(int i=second_comma+1; i<third_comma; i++) //Values form 2nd comma to 3rd comma is Latitude
Latitude = Latitude + responce.charAt(i);
Serial.println(Latitude); Serial.println(Longitude);
Link = Link + Latitude + "," + Longitude; //Update the Link with latitude and Logitude values
Serial.println(Link);
}
String incoming = "";
void loop() {
if (SIM800.available()) { //Check if the SIM800 Module is telling anything

char a = SIM800.read();
Serial.write(a); //print what the module tells on serial monitor

incoming = incoming + String(a);
if (a == 13) //check for new line

incoming =""; //clear the string if new line is detected
incoming.trim(); //Remove /n or /r from the incomind data
if (incoming=="RING") //If an incoming call is detected the SIM800 module will say "RING" check for

it
{
Serial.println ("Sending sms"); delay(1000);
responce = SIM800_send("ATH"); //Hand up the incoming call using ATH

delay (1000);
responce = SIM800_send("ATE0"); //Disable Echo

delay (1000);
responce = ""; Latitude=""; Longitude=""; //initialise all string to null

SIM800.println("AT+CIPGSMLOC=1,1"); delay(5000); //Request for location data
while (SIM800.available())
{

responce = responce + String(letter); //Store the location information in string responce
}
Serial.print("Result Obtained as:"); Serial.print(responce); Serial.println("*******");
prepare_message(); delay(1000); //use prepare_message funtion to prepare the link with the
obtained LAT and LONG co-ordinates
SIM800.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //Set the module in SMS mode
delay(1000);
SIM800.println("AT+CMGS=\"9079259794\""); //Send SMS to this number

delay(1000);
SIM800.println(Link); // we have send the string in variable Link

delay(1000);
SIM800.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z - used to terminate the text message
delay(1000);
}

}
if (Serial.available()) { //For debugging

SIM800.write(Serial.read());
Video
TAGS ARDUINO ARDUINO NANO GSM PCB LOCATION TRACKER

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Location Tracker Using GSM Sim800 and Arduino

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Location Tracker Using GSM Sim800 and Arduino

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DIY Location Tracker using GSM SIM800 and

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Serial Communication Protocols

DIY Location Tracker using GSM SIM800

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AT+CGATT=1 Connect SIM to GPROS

Activate bearer profile with connection type

AT+SAPBR=3,1,"APN","RCMNET" Set VPN for bearer Profile

AT+SAPBR=1,1 Open Bearer profile

AT+SAPBR=2,1 Get the IP address of the bearer profile

Request for location Pincode, latitude and

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String SIM800_send(String incoming) //Function to communicate with SIM800

Serial.begin(9600); //Serial COM for debugging

delay(1000); //wait for serial COM to get ready

responce = SIM800_send("ATE1"); //Enable Echo if not enabled by default

responce = SIM800_send("AT+CGATT=1"); //Set the SIM800 in GPRS mode

responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"CONTYPE\",\"GPRS\" "); //Activat

responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=3,1,\"APN\",\"RCMNET\" "); //Set VPN o

responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=1,1"); //Open bearer Profile

responce = SIM800_send("AT+SAPBR=2,1"); //Get the IP address of the bea

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if (SIM800.available()) { //Check if the SIM800 Module is telling anyth

if (incoming=="RING") //If an incoming call is detected the SIM800 mo

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for(int i=first_comma+1; i<second_comma; i++) //Values form 1st comma t

for(int i=second_comma+1; i<third_comma; i++) //Values form 2nd comma t

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