Evidence of Instrument Sample Characteristics, Validity and Reliability to Self-Care Heart Failure Index

Study Sample (n) Scoring Instrument details Face Content Construct Criterion Reliability
Reference Characteristics system validity validity validity validity

Chriss et 66 Chronic Heart Standardize Self-care maintenance Not Not stated Yes Not stated Adequate Internal
al., 2004 Failure Patients score to measure predictors stated consistency
Adult, English of self-care Coefficient alpha
speaking,2 .76 reported
hospitals in
Southern
California; Mean
age 71; 37
Females, mostly
un married,
Mostly greater
than high school
education
Riegel et 154 Community Standardized Version 6.2 Self-care Not Not Stated Tested as part Tested as part Tested as part of
al., 2009 dwelling Score maintenance (10 item), Stated of this study of this study the study
outpatients (34 management (6 item), with adequate Concurrent Coefficient alpha
for testing with and confidence (6 results validity poor for
HF 66.5% Male item) Measured maintenance, Cronbach alpha
average age monthly over time. management, Self-Care (SC)
63.87 13.89 yrs. Prospective Cohort. and confidence Maintenance- .55
of formal Sessions Audiotaped (compared to
education. 64.3 % Convergent European
White, 33.8% validity data Heart Failure SC Management
African American from 3 mixed Self-care .60
3.2% NY Heart method Behavior Scale
Associations studies to SC Confidence .83
class I, 22.6% cross validate Conformity
Class II, 56.1% factor analysis
Class III, 18.1% CFI .726, NFI
IV .554, RMSEA
.07
𝝌² 356.92
Congruence
between
quantitative
evidence and
qualitative
Study 1 64%;
 Study 2- 77% ,
and 90% in
Study 3
Cameron et 1202 CHF mean Standardized Self-care Maintenance Not Yes Yes Tested as part Tested as part of
al., 2009 age 70-73; 55% scale score (behaviors to maintain Stated of this study the study
male New York health), Self-care Nurses and with significant
Heart Association management Cardiologist results Stability- changes
classification II or (decision-making experts in scores did not
III American and related to symptom Exploratory differ significantly
European changes), self-care Factor
confidence (confidence Analysis (Self-
to manage symptoms Homogeneity-
care Adequate internal
and evaluate actions Maintenance 4
implemented) reliability
of 5 items, self- (Cronbach alpha
care 0.76 for overall
management index score;
and confidence Selfcare
all items Management .60;
loaded good for self-care
substantively) confidence 0.83;
Self-care
Confirmatory maintenance low
FA validated 0.55)
self-care
maintenance, Equivalence
self-care (interrater reliability
management, not reported)
and self-
confidences
comparative fit
index
adequate 0.73

Concurrent
validity weak
with EHFSCBS
and SCHFI
global scores
and moderate
for self-care
maintenance
scale
 Predictive
validity- not
tested
Vellone et 659 HF Adults Standardized SCHFI v. 6.2 - 22 Item Not Not Stated Tested as part Tested as part Tested as part of
al., 2013 (18 and older) scale score Self-care: maintenance Stated of the study of the study the study with
from ambulatory (10 items symptom with with significant significant results
cardiovascular monitoring and significant results
centers across adherence), results Internal
Italy (diagnoses management (6 items Confirmatory Consistency
confirmed by ability to recognize Contrasting Factor adequate (factor
echocardiography symptoms; treatment groups Analysis score determinacy
and clinical implementation in CFI .92, all coefficients
evidence); response to RMSEA .05 for above .70 ranging
medically stable symptoms), and Subsample of SC from .74-.90)
confidence (6 item 50 HF Maintenance;
perceived ability to Specialty CFI .95, Test-retest (Self-
engage in self-care) Clinic RMSEA, .07 Care Management
(statistically for SC scale (ICC>.80)
higher) Management
compared to and CFI .99,
50 patients RMSEA .02
from general SC Confidence
cardiovascular scale;
clinic
Concurrent
validity
Compare with
European
Heart Failure
Self-care Scale
Behavior
Scalle
(EHFScBS)
significantly
related ( r=-
.65, p<.001)
Higher scores
on
SCHFI mean
better SC
Higher
EHFScBS
means worst
SC
 Exploratory
factor analysis
Barbaranelli 629 Adults with Standardized SCHFI v6.2- 22 Item Not Not Stated Not Stated Tested as part Tested as part of
et al., 2014 HF secondary Scale Score (3) Scales: HF selfcare Stated of the study this study
analysis from measured by: with significant
three studies Maintenance (10 Items results Reliability
from the measuring symptom coefficients:
northeastern and monitoring and Confirmatory standardized
northwestern adherence to Factor Cronbach Alpha;
United States behaviors ex. Analyses Composite
Monitoring weight, reported reliability, maximal
Sample 1- 280 eating low salt diet, reliability, and
adults from and exercising) and SC factor determinacy
outpatient Management (6 Items Maintenance reported
settings in treatment MLM .82
Philadelphia, implementation when WLS-MV .83 Internal
Pennsylvania, recognized symptoms consistency
and Newark, occur); and SC coefficients
Delaware Confidence- influence Management SC Management
(longitudinal of self-care (6 Items- MLM Scale .75-.83
descriptive test patients perceived
relationship ability to participate in Comparative SC Maintenance
between HF SC SC) Fit Index (CFI) Scale .66- .77
and excessive
day-time SC Management score SC SC Confidence
sleepiness) calculation occurs only Maintenance .84- .90
Confirmed HF when patients are Four Factor
diagnosis by symptomatic Analysis Global reliability
echocardiography without item 8- index for
and clinical CFI .96 multidimensional
evidence, 18 RMSEA .049 scales:
years and older, SC Maintenance
medically stable. SC .75
Older Adult, Management Model-based
Male, and mostly Two-Factor internal
Caucasian Analysis consistency
without item 14 coefficient: SC
CFI .98 Maintenance: .76
Sample 2- 202 RMSEA .050
Adults from HF
clinic in Portland, SC Confidence
Oregon. One-Factor
Prospective CFI .99
cohort study RMSEA 0.50
identifies gender
 differences in HF
symptoms,
behaviors, and
event free
survival.
Diagnosed by
echocardiograph
and physical. 21
Years or older
NYHA class II-IV.
Middle age
adults, Mostly
Caucasian

Sample 3- 146
adults Outpatient
HF Clinic in
Portland, Oregon
Identify patterns
of change In HF
SC Management
and association
with quality of life.
Diagnosed by
echocardiograph
and physical, 21
years, NYHA
class II-IV,
Mostly Male,
Caucasian, and
middle adult

Riegel et 631 Adults (18 or Standardized 29 items (v 7.2) Self- Not Not Stated Not Stated Tested as part Tested as part of
al., 2019 older) diagnosed scale score care maintenance (10 Stated of the study the study with
with HF- mean behaviors measured in with significant significant results
age 65 (20-104), frequency), symptom results with 3
63% male, mostly perception (9 items on scales: Self- .70 or greater for
white non- frequency and 2 items Care all scales
Hispanic and on how quick Maintenance;
married, some symptoms identified as Symptom
college education HF related), and self- Perception and Test-retest
5 sites in US care management (8 reliability
northeast, items-(7 on how likely adequate;
southeast and to try behaviors to Self-Care Cronbach alpha
southwest control HF symptoms Management (.66 or greater),
inpatient and and 1 how sure is the global reliability
outpatient sites. patient that the Confirmatory index (,70 or
treatment last used to Factory greater)
manage symptoms Analysis
helped feeling better)
Predictive
Health-related quality Validity-
of life (HRQOL) (SF)- significant
36 v2 correlations
with HRQOL
(better general
health with
higher self-
care and
higher
symptom
perceptions;
Mental health
better in higher
self-care
maintenance
and higher
symptom
perception
scores.
Physical health
better with
higher
symptom
perception
scores.