New Era University

Integrated School
Senior High School Department
No.9 Central Avenue, New Era Quezon City

INSTUMBLER: The 3-in-1 tumbler

John Ginnuel Duka (Leader)

Joanna Marie Ortiz

Fredinbert Aguilar (Leader)

Sherie Pearl Corpuz

John Aurelia

Winbelle Ramos

Alexandra Ann Bulanadi

Charis Anasarias

Ariane Damot

Francis Hipolito

Group 2 – 12 STEM AM5

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Background of the study

The world of design has continued to bring new technologies and

innovations that have been helpful to the everyday lives of the people. Following

the trend of instant tools, many countries have made kinds of stuff that are all-in-

one to save and make things easier to be done. All-in-one materials have

become essential to people’s lives. This evolution has produced a very

interesting mix of available product experiences that are improving the way our

environment helps and entertains us ( Massimo Micocci & Marco Ajovalasit,

2014). Water tumblers have evolved into human lives and became

indispensable. Following the track of this magnificent idea, the researchers have

developed a 3-in-1 tumbler, containing a detachable filtration system lid, flash

light, and a whistle. Journeys won’t always turn to how we wanted and pictured it

to be, that’s why this tumbler was produced to come in handy in times of

emergencies. Given the facts of frequent disasters that have been happening

worldwide, lots of crisis are breaking out. Numerous people are being affected to

the aftermaths of every commotion; one is the proper ingestions of water as it is

being contaminated by the said event. Water in the wild often contains harmful

microorganisms, bacteria and parasites that can cause a variety of ailments,

such as giardia, dysentery, hepatitis, and hookworms

(www.wildernessawareness.org/articles/how-purify-water-water-purification-

process). Also, this tumbler was not just created for those survivors out there but
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also for the hikers who are out in the wild. The Instumbler will come in handy

because it contains four of the needed tools that will be useful for their rocky

paths.

Review of related literature

Priyadarsini (2013) developed a study on low cost water purification

technique. In the project, sand filter, charcoal, bone char, clay and banana

residue were used. According to the study, activated carbon with smaller sizes

would significantly be better for filtration. Also, the cheapest material, sand was

very capable of removing iron ions from water which concludes to its filtration

power to be superb.

Sepe et al. (2014) conducted a study about the impact of biosand water

filter to household poverty alleviation in the Philippines. The goal of the research

study is to determine the effectiveness of this innovative bio technology to

improve clean access to water in Philippines. In their findings, the BSF product

has improved rural parts in the country to gain access to safe and non-exposed

water. The product also helped in saving finance and time as for water to boil, we

need wood and charcoal. Cleanliness is also improved amongst household.

Britton (2014) ,told in his study, that due to the scarcity of quality source

water, communities must use reclaimed water. Communities obtain their potable

water mostly from surface or underground sources. Both types of water can
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become contaminated by biological and chemical pollutants originating from point

and nonpoint sources. In water treatment plants, microbial pathogens and

parasites can be physically removed by processes such as coagulation,

precipitation, filtration, and adsorption, or they can be inactivated by disinfection

or by the high pH resulting from water softening. Nano materials are also

promising for the removal of chemical pollutants from drinking water.

Logsdon (2006) stated that water filtration research has been undertaken

for a variety of reasons. Studies have been performed to develop information for

filtration theories and for design of filtration plants to remove suspended matter

such as clays, algae, suspended matter in general, and asbestos fibers from

water. Filtration studies related to removal of microorganisms have generally

been motivated by the need to learn about the removal of pathogens or indicator

organisms, or both. Reducing the risk of waterborne disease has been a goal of

microbiologically related filtration research for nearly 100 years.

Palermo (2014) suggests that bivalves such as clams, mussels, and oysters

serve as a useful tiny water filtration system. It’s constantly sieving the water

around them in their hunt for a meal of bacteria or microscopic algae known as

phytoplankton. As they filter water, the bivalves' tissues absorb some of the

chemicals and pathogens that are present - things like herbicides,

pharmaceuticals and flame retardants - according to researchers at Stanford

University in California.
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Kohler et al (2009) found that pouring metal and acid-laden water over a

bed of crushed clam or mussel shells provides an easy fix. The shells are made

of aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate (CACO3) that readily swaps out its

calcium atoms in favor of heavy metals, locking them into a solid form.

Williams (2015) said that one of the oldest methods of water treatment is

slow sand filtration (SSF) also known as biological sand filtration (BSF). The

method is adapted from nature’s own way of treating water by filtration and has

been used artificially by humans since the beginning of the nineteenth century.

By contingent valuation method, the efficiency of BSF as a system to eliminate

total coliform is high at 92.22%. Iron, Copper and Lead removed 100.00%,

Manganese more than 75.00%, Zinc more than 54.90%, and Arsenic more than

83.33%. Clearness of effluent water improved by more than 58.19% and

potential hydrogen (pH) improved by more than 13.22% (Sepe et al, 2011). The

Pebble Matrix Filtration has been found to be satisfactory in addressing the high

turbidity problem, initially in a laboratory in the United Kingdom, and later infield

trials conducted first in Papua New Guinea and subsequently in Montenegro and

Serbia. A PMF has two layers namely, the top layer consisting of pebbles and the

bottom layer consisting of pebbles and a sand mixture. The upper part consisting

of pebbles has a pre-filtering effect that removes only a small amount of

suspension particles while it is the lower part consisting of the pebble-sand mixed

bed that mostly removes the suspension particles. (Jayalath, C.P.G.,

Miguntanna ,N.S. and Perera, H.A.K.C. 2016).

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Activated carbon has been used as water filtering medium for purification of

drinking water for many years. It is widely used for the removal contaminants in

water due to their high capacity for adsorption of such compound, arising from

their large surface area and porosity. Activated carbons have varied surface

characteristics and pore sizes distribution, these characteristic of activated

carbon play an important role in adsorption of contaminants in water (Ismadji &

Bhatia,2001). These contaminants produce bad tastes and odors, and also may

constitute a source of infection. Activated carbon can remove the total

suspended solids (TSS) and the biological oxygen demand (BOD) effectively

over 99%, to 1 mg/l and also improve the tastes and odors of the drinking water

(March & Reinoso, 2006). This must be the reason why it is widely recognized,

because of its ability to absorb various contaminants from waters.

Statement of the Problem

1. How would the hikers benefit from the product?

2. How will the community benefit from the product?

3. What are the differences/advantages between INSTumbler and the other

tumbler products?

4. For what water body would the filtration be appropriate for?

5. How would the filtration system reduce contaminants to increase safety of

drinking filtered water?

6. How would the researchers check the reliability of the filtration?

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Objectives

1. The tumbler acts with 3-in-1 purpose to save time and space for hikers

and community especially in remote areas.

2. To act as a survival kit for hikers (Flashlight and Filter system)

3. To act upon emergency (for e.g. in remote areas, the Flashlight system

could be used if there was a circuit malfunction)

4. For disaster and risk prevention (e.g. If a subject is at risk, the whistle

could be used to call for help)

5. The filter system for hikers: To help them have a cleaner water source

(river/tap water to clean water).

The filter system for emergency: To use ground water, river water or tap

water for instant filtration to provide drinking water.

Hypothesis

The researchers assume that they can create systems that will fit in a

tumbler. Researchers will create an innovative multipurpose tumbler that is

portable hand-carry that will solve the problem of many hikers/adventurers.

NH: The systems will not fit and work with the tumbler

AH: The systems will fit and work with the tumbler
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Scope and Delimitation

This project covers a large scope and scape. As a multipurpose project

built-in for convenience in everyday life of hikers, the product is designed for its

versatility. From the hikers’ benefits for the use to emergency purposes it serves,

this project can be used by not just the hikers, but almost anyone in the

community. Evacuees from disaster affected areas could use the tumbler for

emergency light, emergency whistle and emergency drinking water (filtrated).

The project is delimited by the researchers in the waters used for the

filtration system. It is advisable to limit the types of water it is intended to.

Therefore, the researchers intend this product, the tumbler to only be limited for

only rivers and tap water, not canal and creek water.

Significance of the Study

This study is conducted to bring great benefit the following:

This project will benefit those people who have very sensitive digestion. It will

help them to avoid having problems from drinking water. They don't need to

worry anymore if their drinking is clean enough to avoid digestive problems.

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 The campers and hikers will benefit from this project. Campers are really

adventurers who always use the environment to fulfil their needs to keep

on the adventure. With the help of this project, Campers can drink filtered

emergency water with reduced contaminants for safety.

 Hiking could be difficult to pursue especially if there’s not enough supply to

quench your needs; particularly, your thirst .This project will come in

handy because the project projects filtering of waters in a tumbler which

basically tumblers are convenient because it’s a space saver. Also, with

this filtering tumbler, hikers could get waters from wherever they want and

still be able to ingest safer and clean drinking water than drinking straight

from rivers.

 Surely we know that parents only want what’s best for their children,

rather, their family, especially when it comes to the talks of health. Some

children get diarrheal diseases because of intaking dirty or contaminated

waters. Now, parents don’t need to worry because this project would make

them sure their children are drinking safe water.

 People who lives in a dirty area have the higher risk of having diseases

caused by bacterial ingestions in your body; one of it is the water. But with

the help of this project, people who live here have the chance to cleanse

the waters and for it to be potable.

Conceptual Framework

BRAINSTORMING DESIGNING AND

(TEAM) PLANNING
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CONSULTATION PROJECT
(PROFESSIONALS) DEVELOPMENT

GATHERING OF CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS OF PRODUCT

TESTING AND PRODUCT

OPERATION EVALUATION

WATER QUALITY COLLECTION OF

DATA AND
TEST
RESULTS

Figure 2.2

--PEBBLES
WHISTLE
--SAND

FILTER SYSTEM
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Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the design and question of the research. It also

tackles the different methods used in this study. The data source gathered,

testing and the processes of the study to have output. The main objective of this

chapter is to produce enough data and information for the future researchers to

replicate the study.

PROJECT DESIGN

Figure 3.1

Design of the Product

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The project design shown in Figure 3.1 illustrates the 3D model and

design of the project/product. The four models include the PLA base, whistle, lid

and flashlight casing.

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

Planning

During the planning stage, information were obtained from related literature.

The researchers communicated different ideas. The project started with the

development of statement of the problems. Questions were formulated that

formed direction for the process of creating the project.

Questions example:

1. What is the difference of INSTumbler from other tumblers sold in the

market?

2. Who are your beneficiaries for the purpose of the product?

3. How would your beneficiaries benefit from the use of the product?

4. What is the main objective of INSTumbler?

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Collection of Materials

Materials were collected from their respective sources. The material for

the outside base of the tumbler was from Puzzlebox 3D (3D printing

company). For the filtration system, activated charcoal, fine sand and pebbles

were from flower and aquarium shops. The mussel shells were bought from

market.

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION QTY.

1 Tumbler (450 ml) 1

2 PLA Base N/A

Flashlight
3 (6)
Rechargeable:

3.1 Reflector 1

3.2 LED Bulb 1

3.3 Wires 2

3.4 Switch 1

3.5 Adaptor for Charging 1

4 Whistle (3D Printed) 1

FILTRATION SYSTEM

5 Mussel Shells 1kg

6 Activated Charcoal 1 pack

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7 Fine Sand 1 pack

Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5

Activated Charcoal Mussel Shells Fine sand

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Designing Process

Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7

Draft Design Battery Positioning

The draft on figure (?) was the previous design for INTumbler. The

components remained the same but the filtration system was required to have

more length, to become longer for the shells, activated charcoal, fine sand and

pebbles to fit.
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Tumbler and Flashlight

The researchers experimented with the positioning of the tumbler and the

flashlight. The aim was to transform the tumbler material and flashlight system to

a one product that has to be portable and not spacious. Cardboard was used as

the prototype for the measurement process.

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3D Model: Components

Flashlight Cap Tumbler Lid Whistle

PLA Base Filtration System

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INSTumbler: Official Scale of Components

The product consist of the tumbler with the flashlight system, the lid with

the whistle and the filtration system. The materials are in PLA base material; the

base, lid, whistle, filtration system and flashlight casing. The 3D product printed is

for the prototype and not for the official base of the product.
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Plastic Molding Base: Consultation

Companies such as Manly Plastics, Tupperware Brands are plastic

molding companies. The researchers consulted these companies for the exterior

base molding of our tumbler. Unfortunately, plastic molding companies rejected

the project as they are not working for individual projects but for companies that

produces mass amount of product; companies such as businesses and

manufacturers.

Plastic Base: 3D Printing

Puzzlebox 3D is a 3D printing company and the last company the

researchers consulted for this project. The 3D model the researchers developed

and designed was sent through e-mail. The product’s exterior PLA base including

the whistle, lid and filtration base were printed.

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Figure 3.8

Photographs of Puzzlebox 3D
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Water Collecting Process

In this part of the paper, Figures 3.9, 4.0

Figure 3.9

Wawa River

Marikina River
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Marikina Water Wawa River

PROJECT COMPONENTS

The product is composed of different components including:

1. Filtration system

2. Flashlight system

3. Whistle

4. Tumbler

1.1 Filtration System

The filtration system of the project involves the use of various materials.

These materials are mainly used for water treatment and filtration. For hikers,

drinking water is a need, moreover in times of emergencies. The filtration system

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is designed as a survival tool and emergency kit when there is a shortage of

drinking water.

How do water filers work?

The improvement of water quality always involve sort of filtration treatment

and process. Through filtration, larger particles are removed by filtration barriers,

also those formed by coagulation. Filters remove particles from water. There are

various systems of filtration that are specifically designed for their respective

water uses such as; household community, drinking water, agriculture and

industrial uses.

Within the process of filtration, there are commonly used materials as

filters; sand and charcoal. Dangol (2018) from Environment and Public Health

Organization suggested that sand filters have high removal of pathogens

characteristic. Sand has been used for filters such as the biosand filter. Biosand

filters were used as water treatment for communities for hundreds of years.

(CAWST 2009).

The researchers decided to use fine sand, pebbles, activated charcoal

and
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Figure 4.1

Mussel Shells

Shells are calcium rich source that could be used to produce lime (calcium

oxide). This calcium oxide is used in several different environmental technologies

and according to Dr. Darell Patterson from University of Bath (2013), his study

showed hydroxyapatite formed from them is an effective, green and potentially

cost-efficient alternative photocatalyst for waste water treatment.

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Figure 4.2

Mussel Shells

Pebble's physical properties make it among the finest available in the

world for water filtration applications. The rocks and pebbles are used to trap the

larger organisms and filter them out through the process. In the process of

filtrating water from river or tap water, having different sized filtering media

particles works as a leverage in removing different sized particles while allowing

unrestricted flow.
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Figure 3: Fine Sand

Sand filters are used for water treatment of water purification. Filtration

with the material is used for the removal of suspended organisms and floating,

other organisms and particles that sink. These particles are removed by way of

absorption and encapsulation.

Sectors where sand filtration is implemented include drinking water

purification, pools, car wash, treatment of ground water, drinks and food industry

and for fruit and vegetable processing industries. These are the various sectors

and process in which far-reaching removal of suspended matter from wastewater

is required.

Implementation examples include: removal of iron from water,

sedimentation and metal precipitation to remove traces of residues, greenhouse

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horticulture as water disinfectant for slow sand filters and used as final

purification technique prior to charcoal.

Figure 4: Activated Charcoal

Activated charcoal is charcoal that has been treated with oxygen to open

up millions of tiny pores between carbon atoms. This type of charcoal on carbon

filters are most effective at removing particles like sediments, volatile organic

compounds and chlorine using chemical adsorption. Also, it removes the taste

and odor from untreated water.

This charcoal is a powerful material to purify water. However, it does not

remove all possible contaminants such as ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, sodium,

fluoride and other heavy metals that shells would filter up. In addition, activated

charcoal have other uses in daily living. They include: for kidney health, water
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filtration, diarrhea, teeth whitening and oral health, deodorant and for skin care.

On the filtration side, activated charcoal is great at trapping other carbon-based

and organic materials/chemicals, and also chlorine.

Activated carbons have varied surface characteristics and pore sizes

distribution, these characteristic of activated carbon play an important role in

adsorption of contaminants in water (Ismadji & Bhatia,2001). These

contaminants produce bad tastes and odors, and also may constitute a source of

infection. Activated carbon can remove the total suspended solids (TSS) and the

biological oxygen demand (BOD) effectively over 99%, to 1 mg/l and also

improve the tastes and odors of the drinking water (March & Reinoso, 2006).

This must be the reason why it is widely recognized, because of its ability to

absorb various contaminants from waters.

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PROJECT CONSTRUCTION

The process of making the product involved different levels.

The first level was to gather the materials listed above. The second

stage is constructing the flashlight system. The aim was to decrease

the area of the flashlight system for increased portability of the whole

tumbler.

The next level was making a prototype of the tumbler out of

cardboard for the measurements. The flashlight system and the

aluminum tumbler were combined in one housing of the product. The

measurements were taken by a ruler.

The construction of the base of the tumbler and flashlight is

printed through the use of 3D printer. The used material is PLA, for

3D printing. The filtration system on the other hand was built through

a prototype. The researchers used water bottle as the 3D model was

being built. The water bottle was a model, replicating the final design

of the product. Activated charcoal, fine sand, shells and finally

pebbles were added to the bottle.

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TESTING AND OPERETATION

For the testing of potability of water filtration, the researchers used pH

meter/sensor and TDS meter to measure the pH and total dissolved solids level

of the unfiltered and filtered water.

FILTERED SAMPLES:

Wawa river water (pH test)

(Figure 1.1)

Marikina River (pH test)

(Figure 2.1)
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Poso (pH test)

Total Dissolved Solids (Example of taken levels)

Marikina River
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PROJECT EVALUATION METHODS

CHAPTER 3

Project Description

INSTumbler is a 3-in-1 survival product and emergency kit. The

tumbler is composed of 3 systems in one product: flashlight system,

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whistle and filtration system (detachable). The filtration system is

acceptable to be used on clear river and tap water.

Project Structure

The structure of the product is designed for the 3 systems to fit

in one product. The researchers managed to combine the flashlight

system, whistle and the tumbler in one quantity. The water filtration

system is detachable from the tumbler.

Data and Results

The pH test is one of the required parameters to know if the sample is acidic or

alkaline, for the sample to be potable. Drinkable water is with the pH of 6-8.75.

Water Sample (Filtered) Value (pH)

1. Marikina River 6.8

2. Marikina River (No Shells) 6.7

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3. Wawa River 6.75

4. Poso 6.54

5. Marikina River (Boiled) 6.25

(Table 1: Filtered Water Samples)

Table 1 shows the results of the pH test for the filtered water samples. All filtered

samples are in the potable pH value, which makes the pH value of each valid for

drinking.

Water Sample (Unfiltered) Value (pH)

1. Marikina River 5.1

2. Wawa River 4.9

3. Poso 5.5

(Table 2: Unfiltered Water Samples)

As compared, table 2 suggests pH value of unfiltered water samples are not

potable to drink.

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TEST):

Marikina River (Unfiltered):

Trial TDS Level

1 218 ppm

2 230 ppm

3 228 ppm
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4 219 ppm

5 218 ppm

Average 234 ppm

Marikina River (Filtered)

Trial TDS Level

1 151 ppm

2 153 ppm

3 151 ppm

4 151 ppm

5 151 ppm

Average 151.4 ppm

Marikina River (Filtered and boiled):

Trial TDS Level

1 148 ppm

2 150 ppm

3 151 ppm

4 148 ppm
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5 147 ppm

Average 149 ppm0

Total Filtered Solids/Substances:

234 ppm – 151.4 ppm (not boiled) = 82.6 ppm

234 ppm – 149 ppm (not boiled) = 75 ppm

Wawa River (Unfiltered)

Trial TDS Level

1 152

2 149

3 149

4 150

5 153

Average 151 ppm

Wawa River (Filtered)

Trial TDS Level

1 114

2 112

3 114
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4 114

5 114

Average 113 ppm

Total Filtered Solids/Substances:

151 ppm – 113 ppm = 38 ppm

Poso (Unfiltered):

Trial TDS Level

1 164

2 164

3 164

4 162

5 164

Average 163 ppm

Poso (Filtered):

Trial TDS Level

1 132

2 131

3 131
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4 132

5 132

Average 132 ppm

Total Filtered Solids/Substances:

163 ppm – 132 ppm = 31 ppm

PHOTOGRAPHS OF WATER SAMPLES

Figure

Marikina River (Left: Unfiltered Right: Filtered)

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DISCUSSION

Summary

In summary, INSTumbler is a product that helps campers to act as a

survival kit, in times of emergencies.

Conclusion

1.

Recommendation

1. For the campers, the researchers recommend to

2. For the community, the researchers recommend in times of emergencies,

to filter ground water as much as possible then river water as it is less

contaminated.

References

Priyadarsini, L., (2013). Development of Low Cost Water Purification Technique,

8, 43-44.
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Lee, R., Kiong, C. C., Huang, C. T., Kulkarni, R., (2017). Development and

Testing of Hot Cold Tumbler Operating on Peltier Effect, 1,5.

Sepe, M. B., Sagadal, J. N., Lange, R. D., Porras, J. D., (2014). Biosand Water

Filter: Impact to Household Poverty Alleviation in the Philippines.

Bitton,G.(2014). Waste water microbiology (3rd ed). Retrieved from

https://books.google.com.ph/books?isbn=0471717916

Logsdon, G.S. (2006). Microbiology and drinking water filtration. Drinking Water

Microbiology, pp 120-146. Retrieved from

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-4464-6_6

Palermo, E. (2014). Mussels and clams can clean up polluted water.

Retrieved from https://www.seeker.com/mussels-and-clams-can-clean-

up-polluted-water-1768972732.html

Kohler, S. et al (2009).Using sea shells to remove heavy metals from water.

Retrieved from https://www.treehugger.com

Williams, H.(2015). Slow sand filtration as a water treatment method.

Retrieved from http://www.diva-

portal.org/smash/get/diva2:839319/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Sepe, M.B. et al( 2011). Impact of biosandffilter on access to safe drinking

water in the rural communities of the Philippines. doi: 10.17158/175

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Jayalath , C.P.G., Miguntanna ,N.S. and Perera ,H.A.K.C. (2016). Burnt clay

bricks as an alternative filter media for pebble matrix filters (pmf). 44(3),

1-9. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/Kabagis/Downloads/7071-24589-1-

SM%20(1).pdf

Siong , Y. K., Idris ,J. and Atabaki M.M (2001). Performance of activated

carbon in water filters. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234060484_Performance_of_

activated_carbon_in_water_filters

Marsh,H.and Reinoso, F.R.(2006). Activated Carbon (1 st ed). Retrieved from

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 New Era University
Integrated School
Senior High School Department
No.9 Central Avenue, New Era Quezon City

https://emis.vito.be/en/techniekfiche/sand-filtration