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LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
URBAN DESIGN
AND
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF
SPECIFIC PLACES IN TOWNS
AND CITIES
SUBMITTED BY:
CAPISTRANO, ALEXANDER
CATINOY, MA. TERESSA
JAVIER, ERICA MAE R.
SEMERA, JAM
SUBMITTED TO:
AR. WILKIE B. DELUMEN
OCTOBER 2018
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN URBAN DESIGN
AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIFIC
PLACES IN TOWNS AND CITIES
Roadway Design
Roadway design is a planning principle that can be used to reduce impervious
surface cover by reducing the lengths and widths of roadways, turnarounds and cul-de-
sacs. In many communities, streets are designed and installed at a greater width than
necessary.
Implementing alternative street layouts can often reduce the total length of streets
and significantly minimize the impervious surface cover of a development site
Look for associated landscaping measures that will provide additional infiltration of
storm water runoff discharging from impervious surface areas
Minimum required pavement width that is needed for travel lanes, on-street
parking, and emergency vehicle access
Implementing single lane, one-way loop roads
Using parking bays to accommodate the parking requirements of local residents
Providing enough turnaround area for different types of vehicles that may need to
use cul-de-sacs and turnarounds
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN URBAN DESIGN
AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIFIC
PLACES IN TOWNS AND CITIES
Building Footprints
The principle behind building footprints is to reduce the impervious footprint of
commercial buildings and residences by constructing taller buildings while maintaining
the same building floor-to-soil surface area ratio.
Maximizes the amount of pervious surface area for storm water infiltration
Use building designs that are taller in order to reduce the impervious footprint of
buildings
The building unit-to-lot relationship is a facet of site planning too often accepted as
a given, even though it offers a good opportunity to reduce runoff volumes, runoff
velocities, and peak discharges.
Using alternative building designs and constructing taller buildings helps minimize
the amount of impervious surface cover
Combining or consolidating the functions of a building or segmenting a facility can
also be effective methods for reducing individual building footprints
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN URBAN DESIGN
AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIFIC
PLACES IN TOWNS AND CITIES
There are several methods that can be used to minimize impervious surface cover
associated with parking lot footprints. Some of these methods are:
Setting maximum sizes for parking spaces
Minimizing individual parking stall dimensions
Incorporating efficient parking lanes
Constructing multi-level parking structures
Sharing parking lots
Installing alternative porous surfaces in overflow parking areas
Housing
The land use component of a plan is related to a plan’s housing element in three
important ways:
It helps to determine how much land will be set aside for housing and, therefore,
how much housing will be available in a community
It influences what types of housing will be considered in the plan, such as how
many apartments versus single-family homes may need to be accommodated
It helps determine the best locations for housing in relation to other important
elements, like transportation routes and shopping areas
Transportation
The land use component of a plan and planning for infrastructure and public
services have a back-and-forth relationship. Typically, a land use plan is used to
determine the parts of the city that require services such as sewer systems or public
schools.
A land use plan typically classifies all the different land uses in a city using methods
that blend local needs with various professional and technical standards. Land
classification standards vary from place to place because all places are different from
each other.
Land use plans also include additional classes or subclasses depending on what
activities are present in the community, such as recreational areas, airports, or hospitals.
Here’s an overview of land use classes and subclasses that you’ll usually find in local
plans:
Residential: These areas are used for various types of housing. Subtypes of
residential land uses are usually based on either the density of housing units or
their physical characteristics, such as being detached single family homes or
connected town houses
Commercial: These areas are used by businesses, including retailers, service
businesses, and offices
Industrial: This category typically includes land used for manufacturing,
warehousing, wholesaling, some public or private transportation facilities, and
some public or private utilities
Agricultural areas and open space: Many smaller communities, as well as some
major cities and metropolitan areas, have significant agricultural and undeveloped
lands at their outer margins
Mixed land use: A single building or development site may offer a variety of uses,
especially in larger cities where mixed-use developments are more common. A
land use plan may use one or more subclasses to describe mixed-use areas
Public and institutional uses: This group includes a wide range of land uses that
are generally characterized as being either public services or government owned.
Common subclasses include:
- Government buildings
- Parks, public open spaces, and land preserves
- Churches
- Colleges and universities
- Transportation routes and public rights-of-way
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN URBAN DESIGN
AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIFIC
PLACES IN TOWNS AND CITIES
Streets
Designing city streets is a challenging task because streets serve two functions
that are sometimes at odds with each other. Street design considers some diverse
elements, including the following:
Traffic flow and layout: The
layout of a street considers
what features are needed to
manage traffic flow through
the street and what features
are needed by the other
activities happening on the
street
Appearance: A variety of design features can be used to increase the visual
appeal of streets.
Streetscape elements: Additional street features such as decorative lighting, bike
racks, seating benches, planter boxes, and even lowly rubbish bins are referred to
by urban planners as streetscape elements. Good streetscaping helps encourage
greater use of sidewalks by pedestrians and creates streets that are more
attractive to shoppers and other visitors.
Open Space
Well-landscaped open spaces with a balance mix
of hard and soft landscape should be encouraged to meet
the functional requirements for active and passive
recreational uses. Detailed micro-scale landscape design
should be site specific to maximize legibility, to create a
comfortable environment and to green the city.
LIST OF REFERENCES