PAILAN COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY

Subject: Electrical & Electronics Measurement, Code: CE 705B

Syllabus: Theory
Module-I-
Measurements:
· Method of measurement, Measurement system, Classification of instruments, Definition of accuracy,
Precision, Resolution, Speed of response, Error in measurement, Classification of errors, loading effect
due to shunt and series connected instruments.

Analog meters:
· General features, Construction, Principle of operation and torque equation of Moving coil, Moving iron,
Electrodynamometer, Induction instruments, Principle of operation of the Electrostatic, Thermoelectric,
Rectifier type instruments, Extension of instrument ranges and multipliers.
Module-II

Instrument transformer:
· Disadvantage of shunt and multipliers, Advantage of Instrument transformers, Principle of operation of
Current & Potential transformer, errors.
Measurement of Power:
· Principle of operation of Electrodynamic & Induction type wattmeter. Wattmeter errors.
Measurement of resistance: Measurement of medium, low and high resistances, Megger.
Module-III
Measurement of Energy:
· Construction, theory and application of AC energy meter, testing of energy meters.
Potentiometer:
· Principle of operation and application of Crompton’s DC potentiometer, Polar and Coordinate
type AC potentiometer. Application.
AC Bridges: Measurement of Inductance, Capacitance and frequency by AC bridges.
Module-IV
Cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO):
· Measurement of voltage, current, frequency & phase by oscilloscope. Frequency
limitation of CRO. Sampling and storage oscilloscope, Double beam CRO.
Electronic Instruments:
· Advantages of digital meter over analog meters, Digital voltmeter, Resolution and
sensitivity of digital meters, Digital multimeter, Digital frequency meter, Signal generator.
Sensors & Transducers:
· Introduction to sensors & Transducers, Strain gauge, LVDT, Temperature transducers,
Flow measurement using magnetic flow measurement.
Syllabus: LAB (CE 793B)
List of Experiments:
1. Instrument workshop- Observe the construction of PMMC, Dynamometer, Electrothermal and Rectifier type of
instruments, Oscilloscope and Digital multimeter.
2. Calibrate moving iron and electrodynamometer type ammeter/voltmeter by potentiometer.
3. Calibrate dynamometer type wattmeter by potentiometer.
4. Calibrate AC energy meter.
5. Measurement of resistance using Kelvin double bridge.
6. Measurement of power using Instrument transformer.
7. Measurement of power in Polyphase circuits.
8. Measurement of frequency by Wien Bridge.
9. Measurement of Inductance by Anderson bridge
10. Measurement of capacitance by De Sauty Bridge.
11. Measurement of capacitance by Schering Bridge.
Text Books:
1. A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation, A.K. Sawhney, Dhanpat Rai & sons.
 Introduction to the subjects (Both Theory & lab)

Classification of Measuring Instruments

The electrical measuring instruments can be classified as below
Electrical Measuring Instruments

Absolute Secondary
instruments instruments

Indicating Recording Integrating

Instruments Instruments Instruments

Absolute Instruments
Absolute instruments show the quantity to be measured interms of instruments
constant and its deflection and they require no comparison with any other standard
instruments.
Tangent Galvanometer, Raleigh Current and Absolute electrometer are
examples of absolute instruments. They are mostly used in laboratories as
standardizing instruments.
Secondary Instruments
Secondary instruments are those which gives the value of the quantity on its
scale or its display unit directly by a pointer. The scale is calibrated by
comparison with absolute instruments. Most of the measuring instruments, which
are generally used are of “Secondary Type”.
The ordinary Voltmeter, Ammeter, Energy meter are examples for Secondary
instruments
Indicating instruments
Indicating instruments are those which indicate the magnitude of the
instantaneous value being measured by means of a pointer over a calibrated
scale.
Ex: Ammeter, Voltmeter, Wattmeter, Frequency meter.
Recording instruments
The instruments which not only read the instantaneous value but also make a record continuously is
called Recording instruments. The magnitude of the Quantity is recorded on a paper for certain period
of time. These instruments are generally used in power houses and factories where continuous
information is required about the changes in magnitude of the electrical quantity, such that to keep them
within well specified limits.
Integrating Instruments:
These instruments measures and registers the total quantity of electricity in a circuit over a
specified time. It gives cumulative value of electrical quantity.
Eg: Energy meter.

Effects of Electric Current Utilized in Measuring Instruments:

Effects Type of Instruments utilizing these

used measurements effects
Magnetic Effect Current, Voltage, Power and Ammeter, Voltmeter,
Energy on both A.C.and Integrating meters and other
D.C. System. Electrical instruments
Thermal effect Current, Voltage on both Ammeter, Voltmeter
A.C. and D.C. system
Electromagnetic Voltage, Current, Power Voltmeter, Ammeter, Watt
Induction Effect Energy in A.C. system Meter ,Energy meter
Chemical Effect Ampere hours in D.C. Voltmeter, Ammeter
System
Electro Static Voltmeter on both A.C. and Voltmeter
effect D.C. System