ENGLISH PAPER NUTRITIONS

Dosen Pembimbing :

Edi Pujo Basuki, M.Pd

Disusun Oleh:

Nichlatun Nafisah (2330018003)

Febi Adelia Lestarianto (2330018005)

Sulis Vila Churneniya (2330018020)

Riza Rikhlatur Rohmah (2330018030)

Muchibbatul Ulumiyah Shiddiq (2330018037)

PRODI S1 GIZI
FAKULTAS KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS NAHDLATUL ULAMA SURABAYA

1
 Contents
Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2
PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Kind of Job of Graduated Nutrition Departement Students ............................................................ 4
Definition of Health ........................................................................................................................ 7
According to WHO (1947) : ............................................................................................... 7
Healthy according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health : ................................................... 7
Healthy concepts according to Parkins (1938) : .................................................................. 8
According to Dian Mohammad Anwar from Foskos Kesweis (Communication
Forum and Indonesian Islamic Mental Health Study) :............................................................... 8
Indicators of Health ......................................................................................................................... 9
Kind of Nutritions Diseases .......................................................................................................... 11
Effort to Coup nutritions Disease .................................................................................................. 12

2
 PREFACE

Nutrition is an important factor that determines the level of physical and

mental health between physical and mental development. Normal nutritional state
level is reached when optimal nutritional needs are met. A person’s nutritional level
at any given time is not solely determined by past nutritional consumption, long
before even then (Budiyanto, 2002).

The factors that directly affect nutritional status are diet and infectious
disease. The various factors underlying these factors are economic, family,
productivity and knowledge of child nutrition (Suhardjo, 2003).

Increased knowledge about nutrition can be done with the governmental

nutritional education program. The nutritional education program can affect a child’s
knowledge, attitude and behavior on his or her diet (Soekirman, 2000).

Optimal nutritional status or nutrition occurs when the body receives

sufficient nutrients. Undernutrition status can occur when the body is experiencing
one or more essential nutrients. Nutritional status is more likely when the body
receives nutrients that exceed the proper amount, resulting in harmful effects for the
body (Soekirman, 2000).

3
 Kind of Job of Graduated Nutrition Departement Students

1. Culinary Entrepreneur
To open the culinary enterprise referred to, it is a much more specific culinary
type for a particular target or market share. Not for the public, for all people,
and not for the same age.
2. Work At The Hospital
His assignment was to not only provide food but also provide food in a
manner of proper nutrition. Food conformity with nutrition is conformity and
nutritional balance in the food according to the patient’s needs. It is in this job
that the nutritionist assigned such a vital role and noble duty.
3. Nutrition Consultant
Many areas of which can be emphasized more deeply by being a nutrition
consultant, such as a nutrition consultant at a health clinic or a gym. Usually
when those in the gym or health care center have a focused diet and need a
nutritionist to help them successed.
4. Works For A Government Institution
The nutritionist working in this governmental agency should know more
about the foodstuffs and nutrients it contains. This knowledge enables them to
research any legitimate or unmarketable food products as well as consumed
by an entire society.
5. Works In The Food And Beverage Industry Companies
Nutrition facts is also one of the job fields of nutritionists who can be placed
in the food and beverage industry, like quality control. Monitor the progress
of all products produced by the company, responsible for monitoring,
analyzing, researching, testing a product.
6. Works In Restaurants and Hotels
Its job is to preserve food and to keep it healthy in the hands of the customer
when ingested.
7. Becoming a Leader and Manager
Trained in ways they can also lead and take responsibility for activities or
programs carried out, such as by the health services, a food company or on the
various concerned.
8. Being a Entrepreneur

4
 To open or set up catering for the general public, catering diets by providing
speciality dishes and direct nutritional support to clients who have a specific
disease.
9. Being a Concise
Teaching at college
10. Other Fields of Employment
 Educator : Information related to nutrition based on recent
research
 Researcher : Doing research on a food and beverage product
 Problem Solver : Is tasked with frequently addressing nutrition
problems across Indonesi

5
6
 Definition of Health

Health is a condition of prosperity from the body, soul, and social which
allows every person to live productively socially and economically. While the term
healthy in everyday life is often used to state that something can work normally. Even
inanimate objects such as motorized vehicles or machinery, if they can function
normally, they often say that the vehicle is in good health. Most people say it's
healthy if their body feels fresh and comfortable. Even a doctor will declare his
patient healthy when according to the results of the examination he does get the
patient's entire body to function normally. However, understanding the true health is
not the case. The definition of health according to the Basic Health Law No. 9 of
1960, Chapter I Article 2 is a condition that includes physical (physical), spiritual
(mental), and social health, and is not only a condition free from disease, disability,
and weakness.

 According to WHO (1947) :

Healthy itself can be interpreted as a perfect condition both physically, mentally and
socially and not only free from disease or weakness (WHO, 1947). WHO's definition
of health has the following characteristics that can improve the concept of positive
health (Edelman and Mandle. 1994): 1. Paying attention to the individual as a
comprehensive system. 2. Looks healthy by identifying internal and external
environments. 3. Appreciation of the importance of individual roles in life.

 Healthy according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health :

The concept of health and pain is actually not too absolute and universal because
there are other factors outside the clinical reality that influence it, especially socio-
cultural factors. Every understanding influences and understanding one can only be
understood in the context of another understanding. Many philosophers, biologists,
anthropologists, sociologists, medicine, and others in the field of science have tried to
provide an understanding of the concepts of health and pain in terms of each of the
disciplines. Healthy and sick problems are processes that are related to the ability or
inability of humans to adapt to the environment both biologically, psychologically
and socio-culturally. Law No.23,1992 about Health states that: Health is a condition
of prosperity from the body, soul and social which enables productive life socially
and economically. In this sense, health must be seen as an integrated whole consisting
of physical, mental and social elements and in it mental health is an integral part of
health.

7
  Healthy concepts according to Parkins (1938) :

Is a dynamic balanced state between body shape and function and various factors that
try to influence it. While obeying White (1977), healthy is a condition where a person
at the time of examination has no complaints or there are no signs of a disease and
abnormality.

 According to Dian Mohammad Anwar from Foskos Kesweis (Communication

Forum and Indonesian Islamic Mental Health Study) :

The notion of health in Islam refers more to the understanding contained in the word
afiat. The concept of Health and Nature has different meanings, although not
infrequently only called one, because each of these words can represent the meaning
contained in a word that is not called. In a dictionary of healthy Arabic interpreted as
a good condition for all members of the body and affirmed as the protection of Allah
SWT for His servants from all kinds of disasters and deceit. God's protection
certainly cannot be obtained perfectly except for those who obey His instructions.
Thus the meaning of affinity can be interpreted as the functioning of the members of
the human body according to the purpose of its creation.

8
 Indicators of Health

As mentioned in lesson 1, critics of population health status assessments have

correctly noted that the indicators used describe disease and death rather than
health. In their view, these indicators are more appropriate for communities with a
high mortality rate in younger years and a corresponding shorter life expectancy as
well as for the infectious disease era of days past. The bottom line for these critics is
that these indicators do not provide a sufficient base for effectively assessing
population health status and determining public health priorities in many countries,
including most Caribbean countries, with chronic disease patterns and long life
expectancy.

The question is not so much whether a person lived or died after experiencing a
health event. Rather, the question should be how does one avoid being at risk for
adverse health events, and how much disability is present in a population living in an
era where chronic disease predominates. There is therefore a need for new indicators
that include quality of life and a measure of the number of healthy years lived –
rather than just years lived.

New indicators are being developed to reflect health status, providing a valuable tool
for health planners and practitioners. Examples of new indicators include:

 health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

 disability-free life expectancy
 healthy life expectancy
 active life expectancy
 life expectancy in good perceived health
 Healthy Life Years (HeaLYs)

Efforts are being made in a number of sectors to operationalize indicators such as

these. As well, there is a move to combine health, education and economic indicators

9
as indexes to provide a more comprehensive health status assessment of populations
to fit the needs of today.

HeaLYs is a particularly interesting measure. It is a composite indicator that

incorporates mortality and morbidity in a single number (Last, 2001, p.
84). Proposed as a better measure than disability-adjusted life years, HeaLYs
incorporates the following types of indicators:

 Incidence and average age at onset

 Extent of disability
 Expectation of life at onset

10
 Kind of Nutritions Diseases

1. Marasmus
Marasmus is a disease caused by the body lacking proteins and
calories.
2. Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by malnutrition in infants and if
caused by acute protein deficiency.
3. Anemia
Anemia is a type of disease caused by malnutrition in infants and
toddlers. Anemia is caused due to a lack of vitamin B12. This disease
causes the body to become weaker and unable to carry out various
activities.
4. Mumps
Mumps is a disease caused by iodine deficiency. Symptoms of goiter
cause very characteristic so that it can cause swelling of the tyroid
gland.
5. Pellagra
Pellagra is a disease that arises due to lack of vitamin B3 or niacin.
Disease due to malnutrition in children under five, can also be caused
due to changes in protein metabolism in the body.
6. Rickets
Rickets are caused by the body experiencing vitamin D deficiency. As
a result the body can’t absorb calcium properly. The need for vitamin
D can actually be obtained from sunlight especially the morning sun.

11
 Effort to Coup nutritions Disease

disease (and key foods rich in key

symptoms
nutrient involved) nutrient

blindness from chronic eye liver, fortified milk, sweet

xerophthalmia infections, poor growth, dryness potatoes, spinach, greens,
(vitamin A) and keratinization of epithelial carrots, cantaloupe,
tissues apricots

weakened bones, bowed legs, fortified milk, fish oils,

rickets (vitamin D)
other bone deformities sun exposure

nerve degeneration, altered pork, whole and enriched

beriberi (thiamin) muscle coordination, grains, dried beans,
cardiovascular problems sunflower seeds

mushrooms, bran, tuna,

diarrhea, skin inflammation,
pellagra (niacin) chicken, beef, peanuts,
dementia
whole and enriched grains

delayed wound healing, internal

citrus fruits, strawberries,
scurvy (vitamin C) bleeding, abnormal formation
broccoli
of bones and teeth

meat, spinach, seafood,

decreased work output, reduced
iron-deficiency broccoli, peas, bran,
growth, increased health risk in
anemia (iron) whole-grain and enriched
pregnancy
breads

enlarged thyroid gland, poor

goitre (iodine) growth in infancy and iodized salt, saltwater fish
childhood, possible mental

12
 retardation, cretinism

Source: Gordon M. Wardlaw, Perspectives in Nutrition (1999).

13