Design of Counterfort Type Abutment

DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT
ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION
CONSTRUCTION OF NEW B.G. LINE FROM CHHOTA

UDEPUR TO DHAR
WESTERN RAILWAY
BRIDGE NO 110
3 x 30.5 COMPOSITE GIRDER
SUBMITTED BY,
SM CONSULTANTS,
BHUBANESWAR
CONTENTS
Sl no Descirption
1 ABUTMENT DESIGN
2 FOOTING DESIGN - ABUTMENT

INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION OF NEW B.G. LINE FROM CHHOTA UDAIPUR TO DHAR
INTRODUCTION
BRIDGE NO 110
SPAN 3 X 30.5 COMPOSITE GIRDER
Chainage of Abutment 50610

Abutment No A1
Discharge 1452 Cumecs
Velocity 3 m/sec
High Flood Level (HFL) 251.198
Max Scour Depth for Abutment 1.500 m
No of Tracks 1
Soil Particulars
Type of Soil at founding Level Rock
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Grade of Concrete M 35
Grade of Steel Fe 500
Unit weight of Concrete (T/m3) 2.5
Seismic Zone III
Exposure Condition Moderate
Basic Wind Speed 44 m/sec
ABUTMENT DETAILS
Proposed Rail Level 268.001
Proposed Rail Formation Level 267.263
Ground Level 251.038
Theoritical Scour Level 249.698
Rock Level 247.538
B/o Footing Level 246.538
High Flood Level (HFL) 251.198
Low Water Level (LWL) 251.038
SPAN DETAILS
RDSO Drawing No RDSO B 11754

Clear Span on left side 29.5
Effective Span bet c/c of Bearing 31.9
Overall Span 32.45
Span Between C/C of Expansion Joints
32.6
(L)
Bearing Type Elastomeric
` c/c of bearing across traffic 2.4
c/c of bearing along traffic 0.7
RAIL LEV TO B/O GIRDER 3.676
DL (T) for 1 tracks 200.087 (Ref B -11754/4R1)
SIDL (T/M) for 1 tracks 6.2
LOADING ARRANGEMENT
Single span Loaded

Load for Bending Moment for 1
310.97 T
tracks
Load for Shear for 1 tracks 347.95 T
Tractive force for each track 99.96 T

Braking force for each track 70.66 T
S M CONSULTANTS,BHUBANESWAR
ABUTMENT CONSTRUCTION OF NEW B.G. LINE FROM CHHOTA UDAIPUR TO DHAR
DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT ABUTMENT

BRIDGE NO 110 ABUTMENT NO. A1 Span Arrangement
1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 X 30.5 COMPOSITE GIRDER
The abutment system consists of a breast wall with 2 counterforts below the bearings with a monolithic dirt wall and solid
abutment cap.The top dimensions of the abutment cap are fixed so as to fit in the details of Composite Girder
superstucture. The counterforts are designed as columns fixed to the base where as the breast wall is designed as a
continuous slab spanning over the counterforts
2.0 REFERENCES
For the design of the abutment and its different components generally the provisions of IRS(Indian Railway Standards)
Codes have been followed. Followings are the main references.
i. IRS Bridge Rules
ii. IRS Concrete Bridge Code
iii. IRS Substructure and Foundation code
3.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS:

Proposed Rail Level RL 268.001 m
Proposed Rail Formation Level RL 267.263 m
Structural Depth of Girder + Deck Slab 2.938 m (Ref B -11754/4R1)
Bottom of Girder Level RL 264.325 m
Depth of Pedestal + Bearing 0.186 m
Top of Bed Block Level RL 264.139 m
Top of Counterfort Level RL 263.139 m
Ground Level RL 251.038 m
Top of Footing Level RL 248.338 m
Footing bottom level RL 246.538 m
High Flood Level (HFL) RL 251.198 m
Design Discharge 1452.000 cumec
Max Velocity of Flood (m/sec) 3.000 m/sec
Unit wt of concrete 2.5 T/m3
Seismic Zone III
Dimensions of different elements of Abutment :

Width of heel slab = 8.2 m Abut. Shaft thickness at top = 1.35 m
Width of toe slab = 8.2 m Abutment Shaft length = 7.85 m
Breast wall thickness at base = 1.35 m Counterfort Thickness 1.6 m
Abutment cap thick.= 1 m
Thk. of dirt wall at top = 0.600 m
Thk. of dirt wall at bottom = 0.600 m
Slab thk.at toe = 1.800 m
Slab thk. At heel = 1.800 m
Length of abutment cap = 7.85 m
Length of Dirt wall = 7.85 m
Width of abut. Cap = 1.7 m
Width of base slab= 17.75 m
Length of base slab= 7.85 m
4.0 SPAN DETAILS

The Abutment is supporting Composite Girder Superstructure of Effective Span 31.9 m. The Details of Span is given as
under
Type of Bearing used is Elastomeric
4.1 Span 1
Clear Span = 29.500 m
Effective Span bet c/c of Bearing = 31.900 m
Overall Span = 32.450 m
Span Between C/C of Expansion Joints = 32.600 m
Expansion Gap = 0.125 m
4.2 Bearing details

Bearing
Length L 0.55 m c/c distance between bearings = 2.4 m
Breadth B 0.75 m
Depth D 0.106 m
Plate Arrangement
Bottom plate Across traffic = 1180 mm = 1.18 m
Along traffic = 600 mm = 0.6 m
Height = 50 mm = 0.05 m
Top plate Across traffic = 800 mm = 0.8 m

Along traffic = 550 mm = 0.55 m
Height = 40 mm = 0.04 m
0
0
5.0 SKETCHES 267.263
0.6
1.7
C/L of Bearing 3.124
0.025
0.186 0.6 264.139
263.139 1
0 1
1.000 Back Counterfort
Front Counterfort 1.35

3.498
CG of back Counterfort
H2 18.925
9.867 H1
14.801 -0.025 2.848 15.801
251.038
CG of Front Counterfort 3.523
GL 6.53333333 0
1.35 248.338
0 5 5.000 3.200
3.200 8.875
1.8 1.8 C/L of Footing 1.8
246.538
Footing Bottom Level
8.2 1.35 8.2
`
ELEVATION
1.075
1.35 1.925
5 1.7 5
1.6
7.85 8 8.2
10 0.8
0.600 1.6
1.925
1.075 2.000 45
17.75
PLAN
6 LOAD CALCULATION FOR COUNTERFORTS AND BREAST WALL
6.1 DEAD LOAD CALCULATION

Note : Anticlockwise Moments have been Taken as Positive
Eccentricity to the left taken as Positive
6.1.1 Dead Loads from Superstructure Refer Drawing No. - RDSO B 11754
Wt. of Span = 200.087 T
Reaction on each Abutment = 100.044 T
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Counterforts, eL1 = 3.498 m
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Footing, eL2 = -0.025 m
Longitudinal Moment due to DL about C/L of Counterforts =

100.044 x 3.498 = 349.92 T m
Longitudinal Moment due to DL about C/L of Footing =
100.044 x -0.025 = -2.50 T m
(Note : Please Refer Cl: 2.5.1 of IRS:Bridge Rule for Transverse Eccentricity )
Transverse Eccentricity of Reaction, eT = = 0 m

Transverse Moment due to DL = 100.044 x 0 = 0 T-m
6.1.2 Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) from Superstructure

Intensity of SIDL = 6.2 T/m
SIDL Reaction from 32.45 m span = 6.2 x 32.45 / 2 = 100.595 T
Longitudinal Moment due to SIDL about C/L of Counterforts =
100.595 x 3.498 = 351.847 T - m
Longitudinal Moment due to SIDL about C/L of Footing =
100.595 x -0.025 = -2.515 T - m
Transverse Eccentricity of Reaction, eT = = 0 m
Transverse Moment due to SIDL = 100.595 x 0 = 0 T-m
6.1.3 Dead Load From Abutment Cap

Length of Bed Block = 7.85 m 0.600
Width of Bed Block = 1.7 m
Depth of Bed Block = 1 m 1.7
3.124
0.600
1 1
0
C/L of Bearing C/L of counterfort
1.35
[a] Dead Load of Dirt Wall
Dead Load = 0.5 x 3.124 x (0.6+0.6) x 7.85 x 2.5 = 36.785 T
Eccentricity w.r.t. counterfort CG = 2.798 m
Eccentricity w.r.t. Footing CG = -0.725 m
[b] Dead Load of Abutment Cap - Rectangular portion

Dead Load = 1.7 x 1 x 7.85 x 2.5 = 33.363 T
Eccentricity w.r.t. counterfort CG = 3.348 m
[c] Dead Load of Plates & Bearing on Abutment Cap 2 nos

Weight of each bearing = 0.481 T
Weight of bearings over abutment = 0.962 T
Eccentricity w.r.t. Counterfort CG = 3.498 m
[d] Dead Load of Inspection Platform and Railing

Volume of Inspection Plaform
3
= ( 7.85 + 2 x 0.90 + 2 x 1.7 ) x ( 0.20 x 0.90 ) = 2.349 m
Self Weight of Inspection Platform
= 2.349 x 2.5 = 5.873 T
Live Load on inspection Platform @ 250kg/m2 = 2.936 T
Self Weight of Railing = ( 7.85 + 2 x 0.90 + 2 x 1.7 ) x 0.050
(Note : Assume Self Weight of Railing as 50 kg/m ) = 0.653 T
Self Weight of OHE Mast = 1.00 T
Total Dead Load from Abutment Cap including Bearings, Plates, Railing and OHE mast
= 36.785 + 33.363 + 0 + 0.832 + 0.279 + 8.809 + 0.653 + 1 = 81.720 T
Total Longitudinal Moment about CL of Counterforts due to above Dead Load
= 36.785 x 2.798 + 33.363 x 3.348 + 0.962 x 3.498 = 217.964 T - m
Total Longitudinal Moment about CL of Footing due to above Dead Load
= 36.785 x -0.725 + 33.363 x -0.175 + 0.962 x -0.025 = -32.532 T - m
6.1.4. Dead Load of Breast Wall

The Abutment has Rectangular Section.
7.85
TRAFFIC DIRECTION 1.350
Total Height of Breast Wall = 263.139 - 248.338 = 14.801 m

Volume of Stem = ( ( 1.35 +1.35) / 2 ) * 14.8 * 7.85 = 156.854 m3
Dead Load from Stem = 156.854 * 2.5 = 392.134 T
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Counterfort, eL1 = 3.523 m
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Footing, eL2 = 0.00 m
Longitudinal Moment due to DL of abutment shaft about C/L of Counterfort =
= 3.523 x 392.134 = 1381.356 T-m
Longitudinal Moment due to DL of abutment shaft about C/L of Footing =
= 392.134 x 0 = 0.000 T - m
6.1.5. Dead Load of Back CounterForts
Sectional Area of Counterfort = 39.593 m2
Thickness of counterfort at bottom = 1.600 m
Thickness of counterfort at top = 1.600 m
Average Thickness of stem = ( 1.6 + 1.6) / 2 = 1.600 m
Weight of Two CounterForts = 2 x 39.593 x 1.6 x 2.5

= 316.741 T
Longitudinal Moment about C/L of Counterforts
= 316.741 x ( 0 ) = 0 T-m
Longitudinal Moment about C/L of Footing
= 316.741 x ( -3.523 ) = -1115.8 T - m
6.1.6. Dead Load of Front CounterForts

Sectional Area of Counterfort = 24.668 m2
Thickness of counterfort at bottom = 1.600 m
Thickness of counterfort at top = 1.600 m
Average Thickness of stem = ( 1.6 + 1.6) / 2 = 1.600 m
Weight of Two CounterForts = 2 x 24.668 x 1.6 x 2.5
= 197.347 T
Longitudinal Eccentricity of Reaction w.r.t. C/L of Footing, eL2 = 2.342 m
Longitudinal Moment about C/L of Counterforts
= 197.347 x ( 5.864 ) = 1157.30602 T-m
Longitudinal Moment about C/L of Footing
= 197.347 x ( 2.342 ) = 462.1 T - m
6.1.7 Dead Load of Wing Wall resting over Footing

Length of Wing Wall over footing = 1.08 m
Depth of Wing Wall at Junction = 2.000 m
Max height at abutment Junction = 18.925 m
Depth of Wing Wall at Footing Edge = 2.000 m
Max height at Footing Edge = 18.388 m
Weight of Two Wing Walls = 200.555 T
Location of CG of Wing wall from toe = 9.200 m
Longitudinal Eccentricity w.r.t. C/L of Counterfort = 3.198 m

Longitudinal Eccentricity w.r.t. C/L of Footing = -0.325 m
Longitudinal Moment Due to DL of Wing Wall about C/L of Counterfort

= 200.555 x ( 3.198 ) = 641.306 T - m
Longitudinal Moment Due to DL of Fly Wing about C/L of Footing
= 200.555 x ( -0.325 ) = -65.180 T - m
6.1.8 Dead Load of Footing

Length of Footing (perpendicular to track) = 10.000 m
Width of Footing (parallel to track) = 17.750 m
Depth of Footing tapered depth = 0.000 m
edge depth 1.800 m
Longitudinal Direction
17.750
10.000
Traffic Direction
PLAN of Footing
3
Volume = 385.749 m
Weight of Footing at LWL ( Without Considering buoyancy) = 964.373 T

Weight of footing at HFL ( Considering 100% buoyancy) = 578.624 T
6.2 LIVE LOAD CALCULATION
6.2.1 VERTICAL LIVE LOAD CALCULATIONS

Standard of Loading 25T LOADING - 2008
(Note : Please Refer Appendix XXIII of IRS:Bridge Rule )
Loaded Length (Edge to Edge of Superstructure) = 32.450 m
Total EUDL Load (Shear) for 32.45m span = 347.951 T
Longitudinal Eccentricity w.r.t C/L of Counterfort, eL1 = 3.498 m
Transverse Eccentricity w.r.t. C/L of Counterfort, eT = 0.100 m
Computation of CDA
(Note:Please refer clause 2.4.1.1 (a) of IRS:Bridge Rule )
CDA = (0.15 + [ 8 / (6 + L)]) Subject to Maximum of 1.0
Depth of fill = 0.35 m Therefore, CDA = 0.358
Total Live Load (Shear) with CDA = 347.951 x (1 + 0.358 )

= 472.539 T
Live Load Reaction on Abutment = 472.539 / 2.0 = 236.269 T
Longitudinal Moment due to LL on Abutment, ML =
236.269 x 3.498 = 826.391 T - m
Transverse Moment due to LL on Abutment, MT =
236.269 x 0.1 = 23.627 T - m
For Design of Foundations (Shallow Foundation)
Therefore, CDA for Foundation = 0.358

Total Live Load Reaction =
347.951 x (1 + 0.358 ) = 472.538837 T
Live Load Reaction on Abutment without CDA
= 472.539 / 2.0 = 236.269419 T
Longitudinal Moment due to LL with CDA on Footing, ML
= 236.269 x -0.025 = -5.907 T - m
Transverse Moment due to LL with CDA on Footing, MT
= 236.269 x 0.1 = 23.627 T - m
6.2.2 HORIZONTAL LOAD CALCULATION

TRACTIVE EFFORT/BRAKING FORCE
(Please Refer Appendix XXIV of IRS Bridge Rules )
Loaded Length (Edge to Edge of Superstructure) = 32.450 m
Tractive Force for 32.45 m Loaded Span = 99.960 T
Braking Force for 32.45 m Loaded Span = 70.660 T
Net longitudinal force for single track is max of tractive & braking = 99.960 T
Dispersion of Longitudinal Force = 0.000 %
(Refer to clause 2.8.3.4 IRS Bridge Rules)
Net Longitudinal Force = 99.96 x ( 1.0 - 0 / 100 ) = 99.960 T
Type of Bearing = ELASTOMERIC

Percent Force Transferred to Abutment = 50.000 %
(Refer to clause no 2.8.2.4.1 IRS bridge rules - 2008)
Therefore, Net Longitudinal Force Transferred to Abutment = 49.980 T
6.2.3 FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE DUE TO BEARING

(Please Refer Cl:5.6.2 of IRS:Bridge & Substructure Code & Cl:2.8 of IRS:Bridge Rule)
Coefficient of Friction = 0.1

Total Frictional Force = 0.1 x ( 100.044 + 100.595 + 236.269 )
= 43.6907919 T
Frictional Force = 43.69079 T < 49.980 T Tractive/Braking Force

Hence, Governing Force will be . Tractive/Braking Force 49.980 T
Lever Arm w.r.t. Base of Counterfort = 15.801 + 0.186 = 15.987 m

Lever Arm w.r.t. Bottom of Footing = 15.987 + 1.8 = 17.787 m
Moment about Base of Counterfort = 49.98 x 15.987 = 799.03026 T - m

Moment about Bottom of Footing = 49.98 x 17.787 = 888.99426 T - m
6.3 EARTH PRESSURE

6.3.1 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE DUE TO BACKFILL
Note : Please Refer CL. 5.7.1 Of IRS : Substructure & Foundation Code.
Properties of Back Fill
φ = 35 0
= 0.611 radians
0
i = 0 = 0.000 radians
δ = 11.67 0
= 0.204 radians
α = 0 0
= 0.000 radians
γ = 2.00 T / m3 (Moist Backfill)
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure

cos2 ( φ - α)
Ka =
cos2 α cos ( δ + α) 1+ sin ( φ + δ) sin(φ - i) 2
cos ( δ + α) cos (α-i)
= 0.251
267.263
(FORMATION LEVEL)
18.925
20.725
248.338 9.495
1.800 (TOP OF Footing)
246.538 10.398
(BOTTOM OF Footing)
AT Base of Counterfort
Earth Pressure Intensity at Wall Base = Ka γ H1
= 0.251 x 2 x 18.925 = 9.495 T / m2
Earth Pressure Intensity at Intermediate height H2
= Ka γ H2
= 0.251 x 2 x 9.867 = 4.950 T / m2
Note: - It is assumed that earth pressure acting on breast wall portion is also taken up by the counterforts
Total Load on Counterforts = 0.50 x 9.495 x 18.925 x 7.85 = 705.267 T

Lever Arm w.r.t. Wall Base = 18.925 / 3.0 = 6.308 m
Moment About Base of Counterfort = = 4449.05807 T/m
6.3.2 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE DUE TO SURCHARGE EFFECT

Dead Load Surcharge for each track V = 6.20 T/m
Live Load Surchage for each track S = 13.70 T/m
Surcharge Width at Formation Level B = 3.00 m
Total Width for action of surcharge pressure L = 7.85 m
Height of Counterfort H = 18.925 m
L-B = 7.85 - 3 = 4.850 m
THEREFORE, H > ( L - B )
(FORMATION LEVEL) 3.328
P1 4.85
18.925
0.636 P2
14.08 15.88
(TOP OF Footing)
(BOTTOM OF Footing) 1.800 P3
0.636
Pressure at Top = [ (S + V ) / B ] Ka x No of tracks

= [ ( 13.7 + 6.2 ) / 3 ] x 0.251 x 1
= 3.33 T / m2
Pressure at h i.e. 18.925 m below from Top
= [ (S + V ) / (L) ] Ka x No of tracks
= [ ( 13.7 + 6.2 ) / (7.85 ) ] x 0.251 x 1
= 0.64 T / m2

= [ (S + V ) / (L)] Ka x No of tracks
= [ ( 13.7 + 6.2 ) / (7.85 ) ] x 0.251 x 1
= 0.64 T / m2
P1 = ( 3.328 + 0.636 ) x 4.85

= 9.612 T/m
CG = ( 4.85 / 3 ) x ( 2 x 3.328 + 0.636 ) / ( 3.328 + 0.636 )
= 2.974 m
P2 = 0.636 x 14.075
= 8.950 T/m
CG = 14.075 / 2
= 7.037 m
P3 = 0.636 x 1.8
= 1.145 T/m
CG = 1.8 / 2
= 0.900 m
AT Base of Counterfort Wall

Total Horizontal Force at Base of Counterfort Wall
= P1 x L + P2 x L
= (9.612 x 7.85)+ (8.95 x 7.85) = 145.717 T
Moment about Base of Counterfort Wall

= [ 9.612 x ( 2.974 + 14.075 ) + 8.95 x 7.037 ] x 7.85 = 1780.92 T - m
6.4 VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO EARTH

6.4.1 VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO BACKFILL ON FOUNDATION
a Height of back fill behind breast wall (In Formation) = 18.925 m
Length of backfill behind abutment in Trans. Direction = 4.65 m
Length of backfill behind abutment in Long. Direction = 7.9 m
Volume of earth = 690.81 m3
Weight of Backfill between counterforts = 1381.61963 T
Eccentricity w.r.t. CG of Foundation = = -4.950 m
b Length of backfill beyond counterforts in Long. Direction = 3.20 m

Length of backfill beyond counterforts in Trans. Direction = 7.85 m
Weight of Backfill between counterforts = 950.792 T
c Sectional Area over the counterforts = 114.148925 m2

Total width of the counterforts = 3.2 m
Weight of Backfill over counterforts = 730.55312 T
Eccentricity w.r.t. CG of Counterforts = = -2.267 m
d Sectional Area behind breast wall = 5.18035 m2

Length of backfill behind abutment in Trans. Direction = 4.65 m
Weight of Backfill = 48.177255 T
3
e Vol of EW beyond formation 7.85 width resting over footing = 328.909687 m
Total Volume of Earth of footing = 1884.48 m3

Moment about C/L of Counterfort Wall = -1656.5201 T-m

Moment about C/L of Footing = -21168.08 T-m
6.4.2 VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO DEAD LOAD & LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE
Intensity of DL & LL Surcharge on Footing
= 13.7 + 6.2 = 19.900 T / m
Vertical Load due to DL & LL surcharge = 19.9 x 8.2 = 163.180 T
Eccentricity w.r.t. CG of Footing = = -4.950 m

Longitudinal Moment about CG of Footing =
163.18 x ( -4.95 ) = -807.741 T - m
6.4.3 VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO FRONT EARTHFILL

Spilling Length in front of Abutment = 8.2 m
Height of Spilling Earth = 2.700 m
Vertical Load Due to Front Earthfill
= ( 8.2 x 7.85 x 2.7 ) x 2 = 442.800 T
Subtract weight of front counterfort = 91.582 T
Net Weight Downward = 351.218 T
Eccentricity w.r.t. CG of Footing e2 = 4.78 m
Longitudinal Moment about CG of Footing = 442.8 x 4.775 = 1677.065 T-m
6.5 SEISMIC FORCES

(Note : Please refer Cl : 2.12 of IRS:Bridge Rule and Cl:5.12.2 of IRS:Bridge Substructure & Foundation Code. However,
Seismic Forces have been calculated base on IS:1893 (Part 3):2014)
Bridge Rules IS 1893- pt 3
Seismic Zone = III Zone Factor Z= 0.16
Basic Seismic Coefficient α0 0.04 Importance Factor I= 1
Horizontal Force H = W x αh Response Reduction Factor R= 2.5
Coefficient for soil foundation system (β) = 1 Acceleration coefficient Sa/g = 2.5
Importance Factor (I) = 1
Basic Horizontal Seismic Coefficient = 0.04
Horizontal Seismic Coefficient αh = β I α0 0.040 αh = ( Z / 2 ) ( I / R ) ( Sa / g ) = 0.080
Vertical Seismic Coefficient αv = 0.5 x αh 0.020 αv = ( 2 / 3 ) Ah = 0.053
Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient αh = 0.080

Design Vertical Seismic Coefficient αv = 0.053
6.5.1 ON SUPERSTRUCTURE DL
(Note : Seismic Force will act at Top of Bearings)
Horizontal Seismic Force
= 0.08 x 100.044 = 8.003 T
Lever Arm w.r.t. Base of Counterfort = 264.139 + 0.186 - 248.338 = 15.987 m
Lever Arm w.r.t. Bottom of Footing = 264.139 + 0.186 - 246.538 = 17.787 m

Transverse Direction
(Note : Seismic Force will act at CG of Superstructure)
Superstructure span CG Level
= 264.139 + 0.186 + 2.938 / 2.0 = 265.794 m
Lever Arm w.r.t. Base of Counterfort = 265.794 - 248.338 = 17.456 m
Lever Arm w.r.t. Bottom of Footing = 265.794 - 246.538 = 19.256 m

6.5.2 ON SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD (SIDL)

(Note : Seismic Force will act at Top of Bearings)
Horizontal Seismic Force (c/c Bearing) Span
= 0.08 x 100.595 = 8.048 T
Moment about Base of Counterfort = 8.048 x 15.987 = 128.657 T-m
Moment about Bottom of Footing = 8.048 x 17.787 = 143.143 T-m
Transverse Direction
(Note : Seismic Force will act at Rail Level)
6.5.3 ON ABUTMENT CAP

[ a ] Dirt Wall
Horizontal Seismic Force = 0.08 x 36.785 = 2.943 T
Distance of C.G. of Dirt Wall From B/O of Dirt Wall = 3.124 / 2.0 = 1.562 m
Lever Arm w.r.t. Counterfort Base = 264.139 + 1.562 - 248.338 = 17.363 m
[ b ] Abutment Cap
Distance of C.G. From B/O of Abutment Cap = 1 / 2.0 = 0.500 m
[ c ] Plates & Bearings

Distance of C.G. From T/O of Abutment Cap = 0.186 / 2.0 = 0.093 m
Total Horizontal Load Due to Abutment Cap Components = 2.943 + 2.669 + 0.077
= 5.689 T
Moment about Base of Counterfort = 2.943 x 17.363 + 2.669 x 15.301 + 0.077 x 15.894
= 93.158 T - m
Moment about Bottom of Footing = 2.943 x 19.163 + 2.669 x 17.101 + 0.077 x 17.694
= 103.397 T - m
6.5.4 ON BREAST WALL

Level of C. G. of Abutment (RL) = ( 263.139 + 248.338 ) / 2.0 = 255.739 m
Lever Arm w.r.t. Counterfort Base = 255.739 - 248.338 = 7.400 m
Lever Arm w.r.t to Bottom of Footing = 255.739 - 246.538 = 9.201 m

6.5.5 ON BACK COUNTERFORT WALL

Lever Arm w.r.t. Counterfort Base = 5.256 m

Lever Arm w.r.t to Bottom of Footing = 7.056 m

6.5.6 ON FRONT COUNTERFORT WALL

Lever Arm w.r.t. Counterfort Base = 3.289 m

Lever Arm w.r.t to Bottom of Footing = 5.089 m

6.5.7 ON FOOTING
Level of C.G. of Footing (RL) = ( 248.338 + 246.538 ) / 2.0 = 247.438 m
Lever Arm w.r.t. to Bottom of Footing = 247.438 - 246.538 = 0.900 m
6.5.8 SUMMARY OF SEISMIC FORCES DUE TO DEAD LOADS

Total Horizontal Seismic Force on Counterfort due to Dead Loads
= 8.003 + 8.048 + 5.689 + 31.371 = 21.740 T
Total Horizontal Seismic Force on Footing due to Dead Loads
= 21.74 + 25.339 + 15.788 + 77.15 = 140.017 T
Total Longitudinal Moment about Base of Counterfort due to Dead Loads
= 127.952 + 128.657 + 93.158 + 232.159 = 581.925 T - m
Total Longitudinal Moment about Bottom of Footing due to Dead Loads
= 142.358 + 143.143 + 103.397 + 288.626 + 178.805 + 80.346 + 69.435 = 1006.110 T -m
Total Transverse Moment about Base of Counterfort due to Dead Loads
= 139.709 + 158.24 + 93.158 + 232.159 = 623.265 T - m
Total Transverse Moment about Bottom of Footing due to Dead Loads
= 154.115 + 172.726 + 103.397 + 288.626 + 178.805 + 80.346 + 69.435 = 1047.450 T -m
6.5.9 ON 50% LIVE LOAD IN TRANSVERSE DIRECTION

Horizontal Seismic Force = [ 236.269 / ( 1 + 0.358 ) ] x 0.50 x 0.08 = 6.959 T
Point of Application of the Force (RL) 268.001 + 3.0 = 271.001 m
(Note: Height of CG of Live Load above Rail Level is 3.0 m)
6.5.10 SEISMIC FORCES IN VERTICAL DIRECTION DUE TO DEAD LOADS

Seismic Force on Abutment due to Dead Loads in Vertical Direction
= 21.74 x 0.053 / 0.08 = 14.493 T
Seismic Force on Footing due to Dead Loads in Vertical Direction
= 140.017 x 0.053 / 0.08 = 93.344 T
6.5.11 SEISMIC FORCES IN VERTICAL DIRECTION DUE TO LIVE LOADS

Seismic Force due to Live Load in Vertical Direction
= 6.959 x 0.053 / 0.08 = 4.639 T
6.6 DYNAMIC INCREMENT OF EARTH PRESSURE

Note : Please Refer Cl. 5.12.6 Of IRS:Substructure & Foundation Code
αh = 0.0800 φ = 35 degrees = 0.611 radians

αv = 0.0533 δ = 11.67 degrees = 0.204 radians
α = 0 degrees = 0.000 radians
i = 0 degrees = 0.000 radians
For +ve αv
λ = tan -1 [ αh / ( 1 + αv ) ]
= 0.0758 radians = 4.343 degrees
For -ve αv
λ = tan -1 [ αh / ( 1 - αv ) ]
= 0.0843 radians = 4.830 degrees
Active Earth Pressure Coefficient

(1+ αV) cos2 (φ - α - λ) 1 2
Ca =
cos λ cos2 α cos(δ + α + λ) 1 + sin(φ + δ) sin(φ − i − λ)
cos(δ + α + λ) cos(α - i)
λ Ca
0.309 Therefore, Coefficient of Dynamic Increment
0.076
0.278 Ca = Max (0.309 , 0.278 , 0.315 , 0.283 )
0.315 = 0.315
0.084
0.283
6.6.1 DYNAMIC INCREMENT DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE OF BACKFILL

AT Base of Counterfort Wall
Increment in Earth pressure coefficient = 0.064
Increment in Force = [ ( 0.064 ) / 0.251 ] x 705.267
= 180.296 T
Increment in Moment About Base of Counterfort = 1706.1 T/m
6.6.2 DYNAMIC INCREMENT DUE TO ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE OF SURCHARGE
Increment in Surcharge pressure coefficient = 0.064

Increment in Force = [ ( 0.064 ) / 0.251 ] x 145.717
= 37.252 T
Increment in Moment About Base of Counterfort = 352.5 T/m
6.7 WIND FORCE CALCULATION:

Refer IS:875-Part 3
Basic Wind Speed VB = 44 m/s

(Refer Cl 5.3)
Design Wind Speed VZ = (K1 x K2 x K3 ) X VB
(Ref. Cl. 5.3.1 table 1 of IS:875 (Part-3) - 1987)
K1 = Probability Factor = 1.07
H = (top of locomotive)-(Bottom of exposed surface)

Rail Level = = 268.001 m
Level of Top of locomotive = 268.001+0.6+4.15 = 272.751 m
Bottom of exposed surface = 251.038
H = 268.001-251.038 = 16.963 m
For Class and Terrain Category H = 16.963 m
K2 = Terrain, Height and Structure Size Factor = 1.07

(Ref. Cl. 5.3.1 table 1 of IS:875 (Part-3) - 1987)
K3 = 1 (As avg. Ground Profile is < 3 degree)
VZ = (1.07 x 1.07 x 1 ) x 44 = 50.3756 m/s
Reffer CL. 5.4 of IS:875

2
Pz = 0.6 VZ2 = 0.6 x 50.3756 x 50.3756 = 1522.62065 N/m
= 155.211075 kg/m2
So, design wind pressure = 0.155 T/m2
(As wind pressure> 150 kg/m2,, from Cl 2.11.2 of IRS Bridge Rules)
So use design wind pressure = 0.150 T/m2
6.7.1 ON SUPERSTRCTURE
Total Depth of Superstructure = 3.676 m
Towards A1
Wind Force on Superstructure = 0.15 x 3.68 x 32.45 x 0.5 = 8.946 T
Towards A2
Wind Force on Superstructure = 0.15 x 3.68 x 32.45 x 0.5 = 8.946 T
Eccentricity wrt base of Counterfort = ( 264.325 + 2.938 /2) - 248.338

= 17.456 m
Moment wrt base of Counterfort = 8.946 x 17.456 = 156.169 Tm
Eccentricity wrt base of Footing = 17.456 + 1.8 = 19.256 m

Moment wrt base of Footing = 8.946 x 19.256 = 172.273 Tm
6.7.2 ON LIVE LOAD

CASE A FULL LIVE LOAD
4.15
0.6 268.001 RAIL LEVEL
Wind force on Abutment = (0.15 x 4.15 x 32.45 )/2 = 10.100 T

Eccentricity wrt base of Counterfort = ( 268.001 + 0.6 + 4.15 /2) - 248.338
= 22.338 m
Moment wrt base of Counterfort = 10.1 x 22.338 = 225.615196 Tm
Eccentricity wrt base of Footing = 22.338 + 1.8 = 24.138 m

Moment wrt base of Footing = 10.1 x 24.138 = 243.795309 Tm
CASE B Live load behind the Abutment Wall not on Super Structure
In this case Wind force,acting on live load need not to be considered as there
is no Live Load on the Super Structure
So, Wind force on Abutment = 0 T
6.8 LWR FORCES CALCULATION

Simply supported deck with one elastic fixed support and no expansion device.
6.8.1 Parameters
Deck length L = 32.45 m
Coefficient of thermal expansion α = 1.17 x 10^-5 (Cl 2.6.2 Bridge Rules)
Temp variation of rails ΔT = ±50 ˚C (Cl 1.4.2 UIC 774-3R)
Temp variation of deck ΔT = ±35 ˚C (Cl 1.4.2 UIC 774-3R)
Deflection max. = 45.500 mm

[Refer Note no. 22 of RDSO / B- 11754 / R1 ]
Rotation of cross section at the end of the deck

Φ = TAN-1 ( 45.5 * π ) / ( 16225 * 180) = 0.00280 radians
Horizontal displacement of the deck due to roation at the end section of the deck
ΦH = 0.0028 x 3676 = 10.309 mm
Stiffness of fixed support K
For 32.45 m deck length, tractive forces from bridge rules = 99.96 T
For 32.45 m deck length, braking forces from bridge rules = 70.66 T
Net force will be max of tractive and braking force = 99.96 T
The reaction on abutment = 49.98 T

Hence force per metre = 1.540 T/m
= 15.402 KN/m
Reduction Factor β = 0.600

[From Table 1 of UIC 774-3R]
Stiffness Factor K = 15.4 x 0.6 x 32.45 / 5 = 59.976

= 59.976 / 32.45
= 1.85 L
min K = 20 x 0.6 x 32.45 / 5 = 77.88

2.4 L
So use K = 2.4 L
Interaction effects
1 Interaction forces due to temperature variations (Unloaded Condition)
ΔT deck = ±35 ˚C
K = 2.40 L
k = 25 KN/mm2 = k25
[Refer cl 2.8.2.4.3 (d) of bridge rules for k values]
L = 32.450 m
The following values have been read from the fig. 4, 5 and 6 of app. A
so σrail (fixed) [ΔT] for K2.4k25 = 4.0 N/mm2 [Fig 4, Appendix A]
σrail (moveble) [ΔT] for K2.4k25 = 11.0 N/mm2 [Fig 5, Appendix A]
Horizontal support reaction

F (support) [ΔT] for K2.4k25 = 230.0 KN
[Fig 6, Appendix A]
2 Interaction forces due to Braking effects (Loaded Condition)

K = 2.40 L
k = 50 KN/mm2 = k50
[Refer cl 2.8.2.4.3 (d) of bridge rules for k values]
L = 32.45 m
Figs in App A are drawn for the braking load case = 20.0 KN/m
The following values have been read from the fig. 1, 2 and 3 of app. A
so σrail (fixed) [Braking] for K2.4k50 = 17.0 N/mm2 [Fig 1, Appendix A]
σrail (moveble) [Braking] for K2.4k50 = 17.0 N/mm2 [Fig 2, Appendix A]

F (support) [braking] for
K2.4k50 = 120 KN
[Fig 3, Appendix A]
Considering braking force of 30.804 kN/m for present case = 92.413 KN
3 Interaction forces due to Vertical Bending of deck
ΦH = 10.3 mm
K = 2.40 L
L = 32.45 m
ϒ = 0.5 / K2.4 interpolate between 0.5/K2 and 0.5/K5
The following values have been read from the fig. 1, 3 and 5 of app. B
σrail (fixed) [8mm] = 22.000 N/mm2 ( Tension)

[Fig 1, Appendix B]
σrail (movable) [8mm] = -6.000 N/mm2 (Compression)

[Fig 3, Appendix B]
Now σrail (fixed) [10.3mm] = 22 x ( 10.3 / 8 )^ 0.86 = 27.340 N/mm2
σrail (movable) [10.3mm] = 6 x ( 10.3 / 8 )^ 0.86 = 7.456 N/mm2

K = 2.40 L
L = 32.45 m
For ϒ = 0.5 / K2.4
F (support) [8mm] = 230.00 KN [Fig 5, Appendix B]
F (support) [10.3mm] = 230 x ( 10.3 / 8 )^ 0.86 = 285.83 KN

(Cl 2.1.2.2 UIC 774-3R)
F(support) [10.3mm] = 285.83 KN
VERIFICATION OF σrail
[Refer to cl 1.5.1 and1.6.2.1 of UIC 774-3R]
according to code for simply supported decks use α = 1 , β = 1 , ϒ = 1
i. α * σrail (fixed) [ΔT] + β * σrail (fixed) [Braking] + ϒ * σrail (fixed) [10.3mm]

= ( 1 x 4) + (1 x 17) + (1 x 27.34 )
<
2
= 48.34 N/mm 75 N/mm2 ok
ii. α * σrail (mov) [ΔT] + β * σrail (mov) [Braking] + ϒ * σrail (movable) [10.3mm]
= ( 1 x 11) + (1 x 17) + (1 x 7.456 )
<
2
= 35.456 N/mm 50 N/mm2 ok
Support reactions
1 F (support) [ΔT] = 230.0 kN
2 F (support) [braking] = 92.413 kN
3 F (support) [10.3mm] = 285.832 kN
F(support) [Total] = ( 1 x 230) + (1 x 92.413) + (1 x 285.832 )

= 608.245 KN
= 60.8245 T
So Support reactions on the abutment due to LWR forces 60.825 T

7 SUMMARY OF LOAD AND MOMENT
7.1 AT CG of COUNTERFORTS
LOAD No LOAD DESCRIPTION VL ML MT HL HT
6.1 DEAD LOAD
6.1.1 Superstructure 100.04 349.92 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.2 SIDL 100.60 351.85 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.3 Abutment Cap 81.72 217.96 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.4. Breast Wall 392.13 1381.36 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.5. Back Counterforts 316.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.2 LIVE LOAD
6.2.1 Vertical Live Load 236.27 826.39 23.63 0.00 0.00
6.2.2 Horizontal Live Load 0.00 799.03 0.00 49.98 0.00
6.3 EARTH PRESSURE
6.3.1 AEP-Backfill 0.00 4449.06 0.00 705.27 0.00
6.3.2 AEP-Surcharge 0.00 1780.92 0.00 145.72 0.00
6.4 VERT LOAD DUE TO EARTH
6.4.1 Due to backfill 730.55 -1656.52 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.4.2 Due to DL & LL surcharge 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.4.3 Due to Front earthfill 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.5 SEISMIC FORCES
6.5.1 On Superstructure DL 4.00 127.95 139.71 8.00 8.00
6.5.2 On SIDL 4.02 128.66 158.24 8.05 8.05
6.5.3 On Abutment Cap 2.84 93.16 93.16 5.69 5.69
6.5.4 On Breast Wall 15.69 232.16 232.16 31.37 31.37
6.5.4 On Back Counterfort 12.67 133.19 133.19 25.34 25.34
6.5.5 50% LL in Trasverse direc 3.48 0.00 157.71 0.00 6.96
6.6 DYNAMIC INCREMENT OF AEP
6.6.1 Of Backfill 1706.05 180.30
6.6.2 Of Surcharge 352.49 37.25
6.7 WIND FORCE
6.7.1 On super structure 0.00 0.00 156.17 0.00 8.95
6.7.2 On live load 0.00 0.00 225.62 0.00 10.10
6.8 LWR FORCES
0.00 972.41 0.00 60.83 0.00
7.2 AT CG of Footing
LOAD No LOAD DESCRIPTION VL ML MT HL HT
6.1 DEAD LOAD
6.1.1 Superstructure 100.04 -2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.2 SIDL 100.60 -2.51 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.3 Abutment Cap 81.72 -32.53 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.4. Breast Wall 392.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.5 Back Counterforts 316.74 -1115.77 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.6 Front Counterforts 197.35 462.12 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.7 Wing wall 200.55 -65.18 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.1.8 Footing 964.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.2 LIVE LOAD
6.2.1 Vertical Live Load 236.27 -5.91 23.63 0.00 0.00
6.2.2 Horizontal Live Load 0.00 888.99 0.00 49.98 0.00
6.3 EARTH PRESSURE
6.3.1 AEP-Backfill 0.00 4449.06 0.00 705.27 0.00
6.3.2 AEP-Surcharge 0.00 1780.92 0.00 145.72 0.00
6.4 VERT LOAD DUE TO EARTH
6.4.1 Due to backfill 3768.96 -21168.08 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.4.2 Due to DL & LL surcharge 163.18 -807.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.4.3 Due to Front earthfill 442.80 1677.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.5 SEISMIC FORCES
6.5.1 On Superstructure DL 4.00 142.36 154.12 8.00 8.00
6.5.2 On SIDL 4.02 143.14 172.73 8.05 8.05
6.5.3 On Abutment Cap 2.84 103.40 103.40 5.69 5.69
6.5.4 On Breast Wall 15.69 288.63 288.63 31.37 31.37
6.5.5 On Back Counterforts 12.67 178.81 178.81 25.34 25.34
6.5.6 On Front Counterforts 7.89 80.35 80.35 15.79 15.79
6.5.7 On Footing 38.57 69.43 69.43 77.15 77.15
6.5.8 50% LL in Trasverse direc 3.48 0.00 170.24 0.00 6.96
6.6 DYNAMIC INCREMENT OF AEP
6.6.1 Of Backfill 1706.05 180.30
6.6.2 Of Surcharge 352.49 37.25
6.7 WIND FORCE
6.7.1 On super structure 0.00 0.00 172.27 0.00 8.95
6.7.2 On live load 0.00 0.00 243.80 0.00 10.10
6.8 LWR FORCES
0.00 1081.89 0.00 60.83 0.00
8 COMBINATION OF LOADS
CASE I Normal (DL+SIDL+LL)
CASE II a Normal + Wind (DL+SIDL+LL+ WL)
CASE II b Normal + Longitudinal & Vertical Seismic (DL+SIDL+LL+ EL)
CASE II c Normal + Transverse & Vertical Seismic (DL+SIDL+LL+ EL)
CASE III Normal + LWR FORCES (DL+SIDL+LL+ LWR)
(Note: As per Cl 4.4 of BS 114 Ver 2- RSI Case is an SLS check. - Hence the above load case is used for
serviceability/stability checking only)
Loads are to be considered in following combinations:

Ref Cl 11.2 & 11.3 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code
From TABLE 12 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code
Load Limit State Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
ULS 1.25 1.25 1.25
Dead Weight of Concrete
SLS 1 1 1
ULS 2 2 2
SIDL
SLS 1.2 1.2 1.2
Wind with DL + SIDL + other appropriate ULS - 1.25 -
combination 2 loads SLS - 1 -
Earthquake with DL + SIDL + other appropriate ULS - 1.25 -
combination 2 loads SLS - 1 -
ULS 1.7 1.7 1.7
Earth pressure
SLS 1 1 1
ULS 1.75 1.4 1.4
Live Load
SLS 1.1 1 1
ULS - - 1.5
Temperature Effectes
SLS - - 1
9.0 Combination of Loads and Moments at Base of Abutment

9.1 Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
9.1.1 Case - I (Normal Load Case)
Vertical Load (V) = = 2001.802 T

Longitudinal Moment (ML) = = 8732.875 T-m
Transverse Moment (MT) = = 25.990 T-m
Horizontal Load in Longitudinal Direction (HL) = = 905.962 T
Horizontal Load in Transverse Direction (HT) = = 0.000 T
9.1.2 Case - II a (Normal Load Case+ WL)

9.1.3 Case - II b (Normal Load Case+ Longitudinal Seismic & Vertical Seismic)

9.1.4 Case - II c (Normal Load Case+ Transverse Seismic & Vertical Seismic)

9.1.5 Case - III (Normal Load Case+ LWR FORCES)

Horizontal Load in Transverse Direction (HT) = = 0 T
9.2 Ultimate Limit State (ULS)





10.0 Combination of Loads and Moments at Base of Footing

10.1 Serviceability Limit State (To Determine Footing capacity)

Longitudinal Moment (ML) = = -13854.27 T-m



10.1.5 Case - III (Normal Load Case+ LWR FORCES)

10.2 Ultimate Limit State (For Design of Footing)





14.1 Summary of Forces at Base of Abutment

Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
Case - I Case - II a Case - II b Case - II c Case III
V (T) 2001.80 1661.43 2020.88 2020.88 1978.18
ML (T - m) 8732.87 7188.98 11344.00 8570.33 9542.74
MT (T - m) 25.99 405.41 23.63 937.80 23.63
HL (T) 905.96 900.96 1196.96 900.96 961.79
HT (T) 0.00 19.05 0.00 85.41 0.00
Ultimate Limit State (ULS)

Case - I Case - II a Case - II b Case - II c
V (T) 2969.90 2887.21 2924.75 2924.75
ML (T - m) 13759.61 13190.71 14931.10 13190.71
MT (T - m) 41.35 510.31 33.08 1309.37
HL (T) 1534.14 1516.65 1886.64 1276.34
HT (T) 0.00 23.81 0.00 106.76
14.2 Summary of Forces at Base of Footing

Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
Case - I Case - II a Case - II b Case - II c Case III
V (T) 7209.02 6984.84 7081.90 7081.90 7185.39
ML (T - m) -13854.27 -13942.6 -10797.6 -13942.58 -12860.68
MT (T - m) 25.99 439.70 23.63 1321.66 23.63
HL (T) 905.96 900.96 1305.69 900.96 961.79
HT (T) 0.00 19.05 0.00 242.67 0.00
Ultimate Limit State (ULS)

V (T) 11118.90 11036.20 11157.54 11157.54
ML (T - m) -23318.88 -23709 -19778 -23709.44
MT (T - m) 41.35 553.16 33.08 1655.62
HL (T) 1534.14 1516.65 2022.55 1133.70
HT (T) 0.00 23.81 0.00 242.67
15.0 DESIGN OF BACK COUNTERFORTS
a) Design as per Column Analogy

The Abutment section is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Counterfort Section at Base Counterfort Section at Top
1.6 1.6
5.00 0.35
Average width = 2.675 m

Critical Axial Compressive load = 2969.900
In Plane Bending Moment = 14931.095 T - m
Out of Plane Bending Moment = 33.078 T - m
Resultant Moment MR = SQRT (ML2 + MT2) = 14931.1319 T - m

Design Axial Load per counterfort = 2969.9 / 2
= 1484.95013 T
Design Moment per counterfort = 14931.132 / 2
= 7465.566 T - m / m
Material Property
2
Grade of Concrete fck = 35 N/mm
2
Grade of Reinforcement fy = 500 N/mm
Chart 47 of SP 16
Section Property
Width of Section = 2675.00 mm
Length of Section = 1600.00 mm
Clear Cover to any Reinforcement = 75 mm
Diameter of Outer Links = 16 mm
Diameter of Main Vertical R/F Outer Layer = 32 mm
Effective Cover (d') = 75 + 16 + 32 / 2 = 107 mm
d' / D = 107 / 2675 = 0.040
Critical Load Cases
Axial Load Moment Refer Chart 47

Load Case ( Pu ) ( Mu ) Pu / fck bD Mu / fck bD2 from SP-16 p
(T) (T-m) p / fck (%)
I 1484.95 7465.57 0.166 0.186 0.082 2.87
Thus, p = 2.87 %
2
Therefore, Asc = 122836 mm
Let us Provide
In Layer - I 80 Nos. 32 mm diameter bars as main R/F in Outer Layer
In Layer - II 80 Nos. 32 mm diameter bars as main R/F in Outer Layer
Provide 16 @ 210 mm C/C as Lateral Ties.
Check For Reinforcement Percentage

Gross Concrete Area = 4280000 mm2 Minimum R/F Actual R/F Remarks
(mm2) (mm2)
122836 < 128680 OK

2
Total Reinforcement Area = 128679.6 mm
Perimeter (mm) = 8250.00 mm
Spacing of Reinforcement (C/C) = 8250 / 80 = 103.13 mm
Provide 32 mm dia bars all around in2 layers at spacing of 103.13 mm C/C
b) Design as per Cantilever Slab Analogy
The Abutment section is checked for Ultimate Limit State

Charecterestic Compressive Strength of Concrete fck = 35 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement fy = 500 Mpa
Counterfort Wall can be treated as a Cantilever Slab where the Ultimate Axial Load is less than 0.1 fck Ac . and shall be
designed in accordance with Cl: 15.4.2.1.2 of IRS:Concrete Bridge Code.
2
Base Section Area of Counterfort Ac = 5 x 1.6 = 8.000 m
Therefore; 0.10 x fck x Ac = ( 0.10 x 35 x 8 ) x 100
= 2800 T
Maximum Ultimate Axial Compressive Load Pmax on each counterfort = 1484.950 T
Therefore; 0.1 x fck x Ac = 2800 > Pmax = 1484.950 T
Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Moment ML = 14931.10 T - m
Corresponding Ultimate Transverse Moment MT = 33.078 T - m
2
Resultant Moment MR = SQRT (ML + MT2)
= SQRT ( 14931.095^2 + 33.078^2 )
= 14931.1319 T - m
Design Moment per Counterfort = 14931.132 / 2
= 7465.566 T - m
Overall Width B = 1600.00 mm
Overall Depth D = 5000.00 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 32 mm
Effective Cover = 50 + 0 + 32 / 2 = 66 mm
Effective Depth, d = 5000 - 66 = 4934 mm
2
Area of Tension Steel Provided Ast = 38300 mm
As per Cl: 15.4.2.2.1 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code;

For Sections without Compression Reinforcement the Ultimate Moment of Resistance may be taken as the lesser of the
1 0.87 fy As z
2 0.15 fck b d2
where; z = ( 1 - 1.1 fy Ast / (fck b d ) ) d

= ( 1 - 1.1 x 0 x 38300 / (103 x 1000 x 4934 ) ) d
= 1.00 d
Limiting to = 0.95 d
= 0.95 x 4934
= 4687.3 mm
Section Capacity as per Equation 1

= 0.87 x 500 x 38300 x 4687.3 x 1.0E-06
= 78092.76 KN - m
= 7809.28 T - m
= 0.15 x 35 x 1600 x 4934^2 x 1.0E-06
= 204492.6 KN - m
= 20449.26 T - m
Design Section Capactiy = Minimum of ( 7809.28 , 20449.26 )
= 7809.3 T - m > 7465.566 T - m
OK
As the Design Section Capacity is greater than the Ultimate Moment the Section is OK
[Ref: As per Cl: 15.9.4.1 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code]
Minimum Reinforcement percentage in a wall section = 0.2 % of bd
Ast_min = ( 0.2 / 100 ) x 4934 x 1600
= 15788.8 mm2
Provide T- 32 @ 105 mm c/c IN LAYER I on Earth Face

Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )32^2 x 1000 / 105 = 7660.000 mm2
Provide T- 32 @ 105 mm c/c IN LAYER II on Earth Face
Provide T- 32 @ 105 mm c/c IN LAYER III on Earth Face
Area of Steel provided = ( π / 4 )32^2 x 1000 / 105 = 7660.000
Provide T- 32 @ 105 mm c/c IN LAYER IV on Earth Face
Provide T- 32 @ 105 mm c/c IN LAYER V on Earth Face
Total area of Longituidinal Steel provided, Ast = 7660 + 7660 + 7660 + 7660+7660
2
= 38300 mm
2 2
Therefore, Ast = 38300 mm > 15788.8 mm OK
Minimum secondary reinforcement = 0.12 % of bd

= ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 4934 x 1000
= 5920.8
Reinforcement on outer face

Provide T- 32 @ 105 mm c/c Vertically LAYER 1
2
Therefore, Ast_trans = ( π / 4 )32^2 x 1000 / 105 = 7660 mm / m
Provide T- 0 @ 105 mm c/c Vertically LAYER 2

2
OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR

Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Force HL = 1886.642 T
Corresponding Ultimate Transverse Force HT = 0.000 T
Resultant Force HR= SQRT (HL2 + HT2)
= SQRT ( 1886.642^2 + 0^2 )
= 1886.642 T
Therefore, Ultimate Shear Force per Counterfort, Vu = 1886.642 x 10 / 2
= 9433.212 KN / m
As per Cl: 15.4.3 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code.
Direct Shear Stress τ = Vu / bd
= ( 9433.21 x 1000 ) / ( 1600 x 4934 )
= 1.195 N/mm2
Maximum Shear Stress = τmax

(τ max = 0.75 sqrt(f ck ) or 4.75 N / mm 2 whichever is less ) % steel For M35
0.15 0.37
0.75 sqrt ( fck ) = 0.75 x 35^0.5 0.25 0.44
= 4.44 N / mm2 0.5 0.56
1 0.7
Therefore; τmax = Minimum of ( 4.44 , 4.75 ) 2 0.89
= 4.44 N /mm2 > 1.195 N / mm2
OK
As per Table: 15 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code.
100 As / bd = 100 x ( 38300 ) / ( 1600 x 4934 )
= 0.49 %
2
Ultimate Shear Stress in Concrete τc = 0.55 N/mm
(Read from Table: 15 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code.)
As per Table : 16 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code.

Depth Factor s = ( 500 / d )1/4 Subject to Minimum 0.70
= ( 500 / 4934 )^0.25
= 0.564
Therefore; Depth Factor s = 0.700
As per Cl: 15.5.4.1.1 s τc = 0.7 x 0.55

= 0.387 N/mm2
As per Table: 14 of IRS : Concrete Bridge Code.

Area of Lateral Shear Reinforcement to be provided is as follows:
For τ <= s τc Asv >= 0.4 b sv / 0.87 fyv
For τ > s τc Asv >= b sv ( τ + 0.4 – sτc ) / 0.87 fyv
Remark : f yv should not be more than 415 N/mm 2
From the above Values we find that τ > s τc
Diameter of Shear Reinforcement = 16 mm
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement in Vertical Direction = 210 mm
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement in Horizontal Direction = 210 mm
Therefore, Asv_provided = ( π /4 ) x 16^2 x 5
= 957 mm2 / m
Asv_required = 1600 x 210( 1.195 + 0.4 - 0.387)/(0.87*I1426)

= 933.076 mm2 / m
Since, Asv_provided is > Asv_required The Section is OK
BALLAST WALL CONSTRUCTION OF NEW B.G. LINE FROM CHHOTA UDAIPUR TO DHAR
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT BREAST WALL

The Breast Wall is designed as a continuous slab fixed to the counterforts
Design Parameters
Height from Top of Foundation to Formation = 18.925 m

Projection of wall above formation level = 0.000 m
Height of Earth retention H = 18.925 m
Angle of Internal Friction φ = 35.0 degree
Angle of Wall Friction δ = 11.7 degree
Active EP Coefficient Ka = 0.251
Density of Backfill material γ = 2.0 T / m3
Thickness of wall at top = 1.350 m
Thickness of wall at bottom = 1.350 m
Load Calculation
2.1 Earth Pressure Coefficient
φ = 35.0 degrees = 0.611 radians

δ = 11.67 degrees = 0.204 radians
α = 0.00 degrees = 0.000 radians
cos2 ( φ - α)
Ka =
= 0.251
1 Active Earth Pressure Due to Backfill

Pressure at top of Foundation 0.251 x 2 x 18.925 = 9.495 T/m2 /m
Outer Span = 1.925 m
Inner Span = 0.800 m
Outer Span Shear = 18.278 T
Outer Span negative Moment = 17.592 T-m
Inner Span positive moment = 0.253 T-m
Inner Span negative moment = 0.506 T-m
Considering ULS Load Factor 1.7

Factored Horizontal Force 18.277875 x 1.7 = 31.072 T /m
Factored Moment 17.5924546875 x 1.7 = 29.907 T-m/m
2 Active Earth Pressure Due to Surcharge

Length of Abutment L = 7.85 m
Height of Earth Retention H = 18.925 m
L-B = 7.85 - 3 = 4.850 m
THEREFORE, H < ( L - B )
(TOP OF BALLAST WALL) 1.664
18.925
(BOTTOM OF BALLAST WALL)

0.23

= [ ( 13.7 + 6.2 ) / 3 ] x 0.251 x 1
= 1.66 T / m2
= [ (S + V ) / (B + h) ] Ka x No of tracks
= [ ( 13.7 + 6.2 ) / (3 + 18.93 ) ] x 0.251 x 1
= 0.23 T / m2
Average Pressure = 0.95 T / m2
at Base of Wall
Total Shear = 1.821 T
Total Moment = 1.752 T - m

Forces and Moments

Total Design Horizontal Force on wall = 34.168 T / m
Total Design Moment about base of wall = 32.886 T - m / m
Reinforcement Calculation

Overall Depth at base D = 1350 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods (Horizontal) = 16 mm
Effective Cover = 75 + 20 / 2 = 85 mm
Effective Depth, d = 1350 - 85 = 1265 mm
Area of Tension Steel Provided on Each Face (per m width), Ast
= 2992 mm2 / m

For Sections without Compression Reinforcement the Ultimate Moment of Resistance may be taken as the
1 0.87 fy As z
2 0.15 fck b d2
where z = ( 1 - 1.1 fy Ast / (fck b d ) ) d

= ( 1 - 1.1 x 500 x 2992 / (35 x 1000 x 1265 ) ) d
= 0.96 d
= 0.95 x 1265
= 1201.75 mm

= 0.87 x 500 x 2992 x 1201.75 x 1.0E-06
= 1564.1017 KN - m
= 156.410 T - m
= 0.15 x 35 x 1000 x 1265^2 x 1.0E-06
= 8401.1813 KN - m
= 840.118 T - m
= 156.410 T - m > 32.886 T - m
OK
Minimum Reinforcement percentage in a wall section
Ast_min = 0.2 % of bd
= ( 0.2 / 100 ) x 1265 x 1000
= 2530 mm2 / m
Provide T- 20 @ 105 mm c/c
IN LAYER I on Earth Face
IN LAYER II on Earth Face
Area of Steel provided 25 ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 105 = 0.000
Total area of Longituidinal Steel provided, Ast = 2992 + 0

= 2992 mm2 / m
2 2
Therefore, Ast = 2992 mm / m > 2530 mm / m OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR

Therefore, Ultimate Shear Force per unit Width, Vu = 34.168 T/m
= 335.184 KN / m
= ( 335.18 x 1000 ) / ( 1000 x 1265 )
= 0.265 N/mm2
(τ max = 0.75 sqrt(f ck ) or 4.75 N / mm 2 whichever is less )
0.75 sqrt ( fck ) = 0.75 x 35^0.5

= 4.44 N / mm2
Thereτmax = Minimum of ( 4.44 , 4.75 )

= 4.44 N /mm2 > 0.265 N/mm2
OK
As per Table: 15 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code. % steel For M35
100 As / bd = 100 x ( 2992 ) / ( 1000 x 1265 ) 0.15 0.37
= 0.24 % 0.25 0.44
2
Ultimate Shear Stress in Con τc = 0.555 N/mm 0.5 0.56
(Read from Table: 15 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code.) 1 0.7
2 0.89
= ( 500 / 1265 )^0.25
= 0.793
As per Cl: 15.5.4.1.1 s τc = 0.793 x 0.55

= 0.440 N/mm2

From the above Values we find that τ < s τc

= 374 mm2 / m
Asv_required = 0.40 x 1000 x 210 / ( 0.87 x 415 )

= 232.655 mm2 / m
FOOTING CONSTRUCTION OF NEW B.G. LINE FROM CHHOTA UDAIPUR TO DHAR
A RCC DESIGN OF FOOTING IN BETWEEN COUNTERFORTS

Note: SLS combinations are used to check foundation pressure and stability against Overturning and
Sliding. ULS combinationsa are used to design foundation reinforcement
1.0 Design Data
Bearing Capacity = 385 t/m2
Length of Footing (Trans Direction) = 10.00 m
Width of Footing (Longitudinal Direction) = 17.75 m
Depth of Footing = 1.8 m
Weight of Footing = 964.37 T
Area of Footing = 177.5 m2
Section Modulus
Longitudinal Direction = 525.104 m3
Transverse Direction = 295.833 m3
Summary of Loads at Bottom of Footing
SLS Case - I Case - II a Case - II b Case - II c Case - III
V (t) 7209.02 6984.84 7081.90 7081.90 7185.39
ML (t) -13854.27 -13942.58 -10797.57 -13942.58 -12860.68
MT (t) 25.99 439.70 23.63 1321.66 23.63
HL (t) 905.96 900.96 1305.69 900.96 961.79
HT (t) 0.00 19.05 0.00 242.67 0.00
ULS Case - I Case - II a Case - II b Case - II c

V (t) 11118.90 11036.20 11157.54 11157.54
ML (t) -23318.88 -23709.44 -19778.19 -23709.44
MT (t) 41.35 553.16 33.08 1655.62
HL (t) 1534.14 1516.65 2022.55 1133.70
HT (t) 0.00 23.81 0.00 242.67
2.0 Bearing Pressure
A C
10.00
B D
17.75
Bearing
Pressure (in Case - I Case - II a Case - II b Case - II c Case - III
T/m2) at
A 14.318 14.285 19.415 17.814 16.069
B 14.142 11.313 19.255 8.878 15.910
C 67.086 67.390 60.541 70.918 65.053
D 66.910 64.417 60.381 61.982 64.893
SBC Check safe safe safe safe safe
2.1 List of Forces causing Resisting Moments at toe of footing
Moment
about toe (T-
Sl Force Magnitude (T) Lever Arm(m) m) ML
1 Superstructure DL 100.044 8.525 852.871
2 SIDL 100.595 8.525 857.572
3 DL of dirt wall 36.785 9.250 340.262
4 DL of abutment Cap 33.363 8.875 296.092
5 DL of pedestals 1.111 8.525 9.472
6 DL of abutment shaft 392.134 8.875 3480.189
7 DL of Splayed wing wall 316.741 12.283 3890.640
9 DL of footing(at HFL) 578.62 8.875 5135.284
10 DL of backfill soil 3768.96 13.650 51446.323
11 DL + LL Surcharge 163.18 13.650 2227.407
12 DL of Front fill 442.8 4.100 1815.480
2.2 List of Forces causing Overturning Moments at toe of footing
Sl Force (ML)Moment about toe(T-m)

1 Tractive force 888.994
2 AEP due to backfill 4449.058
3 AEP due to surcharge 1780.918
4 WL on Superstructure 172.273
5 WL on Live Load 243.795
6 EL on superstructure 142.358
7 EL due to SIDL 143.143
8 EL on Cap 103.397
9 EL on Abutment Shaft 288.626
10 EL on splayed wing wall 178.805
11 EL on Footing 69.435
12 LWR Forces 1081.894
3 Factor of Safety
3.1 Against Overturning Case - I Case - II a Case - II b Case - II c Case - III
Overturning Moment 7118.97 7535.04 8044.73 8044.73 8200.86
Resisting Moment 72326.28 72326.28 72326.28 72326.28 72326.3
Factor of Safety 10.16 9.60 8.99 8.99 8.82
Comments OK OK OK OK OK
3.2 Against Sliding Co - efficient of Friction 0.55

Sliding Force 905.962 901.166 1305.687 933.072 961.789
Resisting Force 3964.960 3841.661 3895.047 3895.047 3951.966
Factor of Safety 4.377 4.263 2.983 2.983 4.109
Comments OK OK OK OK OK
4.0 Design Soil Pressure

Soil Pressure Acting Upward (For Design Bending Moment & Shear Force)
Pressure at Toe (t/m2) 14.32 14.29 19.42 17.81
Pressure at Heel (t/m2) 66.91 64.42 60.38 61.98
At Critical Section for flexure (span side ) 38.614 37.445 38.340 38.218
At Critical Section for Shear (span side) 38.614 37.445 38.340 38.218
At Critical Section for flexure (earth side) 42.614 41.258 41.456 41.578
At Critical Section for Shear (earth side) 42.614 41.258 41.456 41.578
Point for Max Moment & Shear (span side) 8.20 m

Effective Span for Shear (span side) 1.925 m
Point for Bending Moment (earth side) 9.55 m
Effective Span for Max moment & shear (earth side) 1.925 m
5.0 Design Bending Moment and Shear Force at Critical Section

5.1 Span Side
U/WBending Moment due to Soil Pressure 71.545 69.378 71.037 70.812
D/W moment due to DL of Footing at HFL 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3
D/W moment due to Front Earth fill 10.005 10.005 10.005 10.005
Net Bending Moment U/W (t-m/m) 53.202 51.035 52.694 52.469
U/W Shear Force due to soil pressure (t/m) 74.332 72.081 73.805 73.570
D/W Relieving Effect due to DL of Footing at 8.663 8.663 8.663 8.663
D/W Relieving Effect due to Front Earth fill 10.395 10.395 10.395 10.395
Net Shear Force U/W (t/m) 55.275 53.024 54.747 54.513
5.2 Earth Side

U/W Bending Moment due to Soil Pressure 78.956 76.443 76.810 77.036
D/W Relieving Effect due to Earth fill 70.129 70.129 70.129 70.129
D/WRelieving Effect due to surcharge 15.706 15.706 15.706 15.706
D/W Net Bending Moment (t-m/m) -15.217 -17.730 -17.363 -17.137
U/W Shear Force due to soil pressure (t/m) 82.032 79.421 79.803 80.037
D/W Relieving Effect due to Earth fill 88.479 88.479 88.479 88.479
D/W Relieving Effect due to surcharge 3.831 3.831 3.831 3.831
D/W Net Shear Force (t/m) -18.940 -21.551 -21.169 -20.935
5.3 Critical Design Values Case - I Case - II a Case - II b Case - II c

Bending Moment for Bottom Reinforcem 53.202 51.035 52.694 52.469
Bending Moment for Top Reinforcement 15.217 17.730 17.363 17.137
Shear Force (t/m) 55.275 53.024 54.747 54.513
6.0 Design of Footing

Diameter of main Bars at Bottom 25 mm
Diameter of main Bars at Top 25 mm
No. of Layers of Main Reinforcement at Bottom 2
Diameter of Spacer Bars 20 mm
Diameter of Secondary Bars 20 mm
Diameter of Shear Reinforcement 12 mm
Clear Cover 75 mm
Grade of Concrete M 35
Grade of Steel 500 N/mm2
Effective Depth (Bottom) 1690 mm
Effective Depth (Top) 1712.5 mm
Width 1000 mm
Moment Resisting Capacity of Concrete section 1499.4525 t-m/m
7 DESIGN OF FOOTING AT TOP : HEEL SLAB

Footing is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Charecterestic Compressive Strength of Concrete
fck = 35 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement
fy = 500 Mpa
Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Moment per mML = 94.173 T - m/m
Overall Depth D = 1800 mm

Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Rods = 25 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods = 20 mm
Effective Cover = 75 + 20 + 25 / 2 = 107.5 mm
Effective Depth, d = 1800 - 107.5 = 1692.5 mm
2
Area of Tension Steel Provided on Each Face (per m width), = 4675 mm / m
For Sections without Compression Reinforcement the Ultimate Moment of Resistance may be
taken as the lesser of the values obtained from the following equations.
1 0.87 fy As z
2 0.15 fck b d2
= ( 1 - 1.1 x 500 x 4675 / (0 x 1000 x 1692.5 ) ) d
= 0.96 d
= 0.95 x 1692.5
= 1607.875 mm
= 0.87 x 500 x 4675 x 1607.88 x 1.0E-06
= 3269.815 KN - m
= 326.981 T - m
= 0.15 x 0 x 1000 x 1692.5^2 x 1.0E-06
= 15038.92031 KN - m
= 1503.892 T - m
Design Section Capactiy
= Minimum of ( 326.98 , 1503.89 )
= 326.981 T - m > 94.173 T - m
OK
As the Design Section Capacity is greater than the Ultimate Moment
the Section is OK

= 0.2 % of bd
Ast_min = ( 0.2 / 100 ) x 1692.5 x 1000
= 3385 mm2 / m


2
= 4675 mm / m
2 2
Secondary Reinforcement
Minimum secondary reinforcem = 0.12 % of b d
= ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 1692.5 x 1000
= 2031
Provide T- 20 @ 105 mm c/c as Transverse R/F
Therefore, Ast_trans
= ( π / 4 )20^2 x 1000 / 105 = 2992 mm2 / m
Therefore, Ast_trans 0
2
= 2992 mm / m > 2031 mm2 / m
OK
8 DESIGN OF Footing AT BOTTOM : TOE SLAB

Footing is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Charecterestic Compressive Strength of Concrete
fck = 35 Mpa
Charecterestic Tensile Strength of Reinforcement
fy = 500 Mpa
Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Moment per meter width

ML = 52.694 T - m/m
Overall Depth D = 1800 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Rods = 25 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods = 20 mm
Effective Cover = 75 + 20 + 25 / 2 = 107.5 mm
= 4675 mm2 / m

For Sections without Compression Reinforcement the Ultimate Moment of Resistance may be
taken as the lesser of the values obtained from the following equations.
1 0.87 fy As z
2 0.15 fck b d2

= ( 1 - 1.1 x 500 x 4675 / (35 x 1000 x 1692.5 ) ) d
= 0.96 d
= 0.95 x 1692.5
= 1607.875 mm

= 0.87 x 500 x 4675 x 1607.88 x 1.0E-06
= 3269.814797 KN - m
= 326.981 T - m
= 0.15 x 35 x 1000 x 1692.5^2 x 1.0E-06
= 15038.92031 KN - m
= 1503.892 T - m
Design Section Capactiy
= Minimum of ( 326.98 , 1503.89 )
= 326.981 T - m > 52.694 T - m
OK
= 0.2 % of bd
Ast_min = ( 0.2 / 100 ) x 1692.5 x 1000
= 3385 mm2 / m

Area of Steel = ( π / 4 )25^2 x 1000 / 105 = 4675.000 mm
2

Area of Steel = ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 105 = 0.000 mm2
Total area of Longituidinal Steel provided, Ast = 4675
2
= 4675 mm / m
2 2
So, Ast = 4675 mm / m > 3385 mm / m OK
Minimum secondary reinforcement
= 0.12 % of b d
= ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 1692.5 x 1000
= 2031
Prov T- 20 @ 105 mm c/c as Transverse R/F
= ( π / 4 )20^2 x 1000 / 105 = 2992 mm2 / m
= 2992 mm2 / m > 2031 mm2 / m
OK
Therefore, Ultimate Shear Force per unit Width, Vu

= 1009.719 KN / m
Direct Shear Stress = Vu / bd
= ( 1009.72 x 1000 ) / ( 1000 x 1692.5 )
= 0.597 N/mm2
Maximum Shear Stress = τmax % steel For M35

0.15 0.37
( τ max = 0.75 sqrt(f ck ) or 4.75 N / mm 2 whichever is less ) 0.25 0.44
0.75 sqrt ( fck ) = 0.75 x 35^0.5 0.5 0.56
= 4.44 N / mm2 1 0.7
2 0.89
Therefore; τmax = Minimum of ( 4.44 , 4.75 )
= 4.44 N /mm2 > 0.597 N/mm2
OK
As per Table: 15 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code.

100 As / bd = 100 x ( 4675 ) / ( 1000 x 1692.5 )
= 0.28 %
2
Ultimate Shear Stress in Concr τc = 0.453 N/mm
(Read from Table: 15 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code.)

= ( 500 / 1692.5 )^0.25
= 0.737
Therefore; Depth Fa s = 0.737
As per Cl: 15.5.4.1. s τc = 0.737 x 0.45

= 0.334 N/mm2

From the above Values we find τ > s τc

Spacing of Shear Reinforcement in LL Direction = 210 mm
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement in Transverse Direction = 210 mm
Therefore, Asv_provide = ( π /4 ) x 12^2 x 4.76
= 539 mm2 / m
Asv_required = 1000 x 210( 0.597 + 0.4 - 0.334)/(0.87*H393)

= 320.069 mm2 / m
B RCC DESIGN OF FOOTING IN BEYOND COUNTERFORTS
1.7
0.6
1
Back Counterfort
Front Counterfort
18.925
9.867
GL
14.55
A 2.7 1.35 B
3.200 5 5 3.2
1.8 1.8
8.2 1.35 8.2

17.75
Cantilever Beyond Counterfort Toe Side = 3.200 m
Cantilever Beyond Counterfort Heel Side = 3.200 m

2
Pressure at Toe T/m 0 14.32 14.29 19.42 17.81
Pressure at Heel T/m2 17.75 66.91 64.42 60.38 61.98
Pressure at point A 23.80 23.32 26.80 25.78
Pressure at point A B 57.43 55.38 53.00 54.02
Toe Slab
Force about A T = 60.99 60.17 73.95 69.74
Relieving Effect of Earth = -21.60 -21.60 -21.60 -21.60
Relieving Effect of Self wt = -10.80 -10.80 -10.80 -10.80
LA from A m = 1.467 1.4718 1.5148 1.5026
Moment about A T-m/m = 41.95 40.88 62.93 56.11
Heel Slab
Force about B T = 198.94 191.67 181.40 185.60
Relieving Effect of Earth = -151.40 -151.40 -151.40 -151.40
Relieving Effect of Self wt = -10.80 -10.80 -10.80 -10.80
LA from B m = 1.641 1.640 1.635 1.637
Moment about B T-m/m = 60.28 48.34 31.39 38.30
Design Constants
Grade of Concrete = M 35
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Clear Cover = 50 mm
R fy
fck 415 500
30 4.14 3.99
35 4.83 4.65
2
R = 4.65 N/mm
474.006116 T/m
2
=
BM Reinforcement Calculation
Eff. Depth Eff depth Ast Ast

Location Moment Dia Spacing
Required Provided Required Provided
Toe Slab Cantileve 41.949 0.297 1.738 3475.00 4674.99 25 105
0.00 0 190
Heel Slab Cantileve 60.282 0.357 1.738 3475.00 4674.99 25 105
0.00 0 190
C RCC DESIGN OF FRONT COUNTERFORTS
Front Counterfort Projection = 5 m

C/C Spacing Between Counterforts = 2.4 m
Pressure at Breast Wall Face 38.61 37.44 38.34 38.22
Pressure at Point A 23.80 23.32 26.80 25.78
Average Pressure between A & Wall 31.21 30.38 32.57 32.00
Total Moment from Breast Wall Face 1872.41356 1823.0413 1954.2229 1919.845
Moment on each Counterfort 936.206781 911.52065 977.11144 959.9227
Eff. Depth Eff depth Ast Ast

Location Moment Dia Spacing
Required Provided Required Provided
Bottom Steel 977.111 1.436 4.902 9804.83 5167.09 25 95
3306.94 20 95
3306.94 20 95
11780.97
DESIGN OF BALLAST WALL
Design Parameters
Height from Bed Block to Formation = 3.124 m

Projection of wall above formation level = 0.000 m
Angle of Internal Friction φ = 35.0 degree
Angle of Wall Friction δ = 11.7 degree
Active EP Coefficient Ka = 0.251
Density of Backfill material γ = 2.0 T / m3
Thickness of dirtwall at top = 0.600 m
Thickness of dirtwall at bottom = 0.600 m
Load Calculation
2.1 Earth Pressure Coefficient
φ = 35.0 degrees = 0.611 radians

δ = 11.67 degrees = 0.204 radians
α = 0.00 degrees = 0.000 radians
cos2 ( φ - α)
Ka =
= 0.251
1 Active Earth Pressure Due to Backfill

Pressure at top of Bed Block 0.251 x 2 x 3.124 = 1.567 T/m2 /m
Horizontal Force due to Backfill 0.5 x 1.567 x 3.124 = 2.448 T /m
Point of application of force due to Backfill 3.124 / 3 = 1.041 m
Moment due to above Force 2.448 x 1.041 = 2.548 T-m/m

2 Active Earth Pressure Due to Surcharge

Length of Abutment L = 7.85 m
Height of Earth Retention H = 3.124 m
L-B = 7.85 - 3 = 4.850 m
THEREFORE, H < ( L - B )
(TOP OF BALLAST WALL) 1.664
3.124
(BOTTOM OF BALLAST WALL)

0.82

= [ ( 13.7 + 6.2 ) / 3 ] x 0.251 x 1
= 1.66 T / m2
= [ (S + V ) / (B + h) ] Ka x No of tracks
= [ ( 13.7 + 6.2 ) / (3 + 3.12 ) ] x 0.251 x 1
= 0.82 T / m2
P = 0.50 x (1.664 + 0.815 ) x 3.124

= 3.872 T / m
CG = ( 3.124 / 3 ) x ( 2 x 1.664 + 0.815 ) / ( 1.664 + 0.815 )
= 1.740 m
at Base of Ballast Wall

Total Horizontal Force at Base of Ballast Wall = 3.872 T / m
Moment about Base of Ballast Wall
= 3.872 x 1.74 = 6.739 T - m

3 Longitudinal force due to Tractive Effort
Longitudinal Force at the top of ballast wall for single track = 49.980 T
Width of uniform distribution (including ballast) = 3.700 m
Maximum Braking force per meter 49.98 / 3.7 = 13.508 T/m
Total height of wall = 3.124 m
Moment about Base of Ballast Wall
= 3.124 x 13.508 = 42.199 T - m / m

Forces and Moments

Total Design Horizontal Force on wall = 34.384 T / m
Total Design Moment about base of wall = 89.637 T - m / m
Reinforcement Calculation

Overall Depth at base D = 600 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods (Horizontal) = 16 mm
Effective Cover = 50 + 25 / 2 = 62.5 mm
= 4675 mm2 / m

For Sections without Compression Reinforcement the Ultimate Moment of Resistance may be taken as the
1 0.87 fy As z
2 0.15 fck b d2
where z = ( 1 - 1.1 fy Ast / (fck b d ) ) d

= ( 1 - 1.1 x 500 x 4675 / (35 x 1000 x 537.5 ) ) d
= 0.86 d
= 0.86 x 537.5
= 464.03571 mm

= 0.87 x 500 x 4675 x 464.04 x 1.0E-06
= 943.67463 KN - m
= 94.367 T - m
= 0.15 x 35 x 1000 x 537.5^2 x 1.0E-06
= 1516.7578 KN - m
= 151.676 T - m
= 94.367 T - m > 89.637 T - m
OK
Ast_min = 0.2 % of bd
= ( 0.2 / 100 ) x 537.5 x 1000
= 1075 mm2 / m
IN LAYER I on Earth Face
IN LAYER II on Earth Face
Area of Steel provided 25 ( π / 4 )0^2 x 1000 / 105 = 0.000

= 4675 mm2 / m
2 2
Minimum secondary reinforcement % of b d = 0.12
= ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 537.5 x 1000
= 645
Provi T- 16 @ 210 mm c/c as Transverse R/F
2
2 2
Therefore, Ast_trans = 957 mm / m > 645 mm / m
OK
Reinforcement on outer face
Provi T- 16 @ 210 mm c/c Vertically
2
2 2
OK
Provi T- 16 @ 210 mm c/c as Transverse R/F

2
2 2
OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR

Therefore, Ultimate Shear Force per unit Width, Vu = 34.384 T/m
= 337.305 KN / m
= ( 337.3 x 1000 ) / ( 1000 x 537.5 )
= 0.628 N/mm2
(τ max = 0.75 sqrt(f ck ) or 4.75 N / mm 2 whichever is less )
0.75 sqrt ( fck ) = 0.75 x 35^0.5

= 4.44 N / mm2
Thereτmax = Minimum of ( 4.44 , 4.75 )

= 4.44 N /mm2 > 0.628 N/mm2
OK
As per Table: 15 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code. % steel For M35
100 As / bd = 100 x ( 4675 ) / ( 1000 x 537.5 ) 0.15 0.37
= 0.87 % 0.25 0.44
2
Ultimate Shear Stress in Con τc = 0.675 N/mm 0.5 0.56
(Read from Table: 15 of IRS Concrete Bridge Code.) 1 0.7
2 0.89
= ( 500 / 537.5 )^0.25
= 0.982
As per Cl: 15.5.4.1.1 s τc = 0.982 x 0.68

= 0.663 N/mm2

From the above Values we find that τ < s τc

= 374 mm2 / m
Asv_required = 0.40 x 1000 x 210 / ( 0.87 x 415 )

= 232.655 mm2 / m
RCC RETURN WALL
DESIGN OF WING WALL OVER FOOTING
Design Set - At Max height
1.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS:

Wing Wall height above GL = 16.225 m (from figure)
Loading Standard = 25 T - 2008
3
Unit wt of concrete = 2.5 T/m (IS 875:1987 Part 1)
Unit wt of moist backfill = 2 T/m3 (IS 875:1987 Part 1)
Seismic Zone = II (Appendix XV, Bridge Rules)
Width of formation = 7.85 m
o
Splay Angle = 45
o
Wall angle = 7.00 (from figure)
Angle of Repose = 35.00 o (Table 1. As per soil report)
Wall Friction = 1/3 x Ф ( Cl 5.7.1Substructure & Foundation

= 11.67 o Code)
Slope of earth backfill = 0 (1 / (2 /cos 45)) (from figure)
o
= 0.00
Earth Fill Height above Abut = 0 m (assumed)
Distance of wall from Edge of Abut = 0 m
Length of sleeper = 2.75 m
Live Load Surcharge = 13.7 T/m (Table 3. Substructure & Foundation
Code, CS 28)
(From Autocad calculation for wt of
sectional area of ballast &
Dead Load Surcharge = 6.75 T/m considering sleeper density
Ballast Cushion = 350 mm 1660/km, 60 kg rails)
= 3 m (Table 3. Substructure & Foundation
Width of uniform distribution of surcharge Code, CS 28)
Grade of concrete = M 35
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Maximum Bearing Pressure = 24 T/m2
1.2 Dimensions of different elements of Wing Wall :

Width of heel slab = 0 m (from figure)
Width of toe slab = 0 m (from figure)
Wall thickness at base = 2 m (from figure)
Wall thickness at top = 0.35 m (from figure)
Base Slab thk near toe = 1.800 m (from figure)
Base Slab thk near wall = 1.800 m (from figure)
Width of base slab = 2.00 m (from figure)
Length of base slab = 1.00 m (calculated per unit width)
Wing Wall Shaft length = 1.00 m (calculated per unit width)
=
RCC RETURN WALL
2.1 SKETCHES Formation Level
0 m Fill height
Top of Abut Level
0.35
i= 0.00
20.725
18.925 16.225
GL
2
4.5 0
1.8 1.8 1.8
A 2
Founding Level
TYPICAL ELEVATION
1.00 2
2.00
TYPICAL PLAN
RCC RETURN WALL
3 LOAD CALCULATION
3.2 EARTH PRESSURE CALCULATION
3.2.1 Active Earth Pressure due to Backfill

(Ref CL. 5.7.1 and 5.8.4 of IRS : Substructure & Foundation Code)
Properties of Back Fill
φ = 35.00 0
= 0.611 radians
0
i = 0.00 = 0.000 radians
δ = 11.67 0
= 0.204 radians
α = 7.00 0
= 0.122 radians
γ = 2.00 T / m3 (moist backfill)
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure

cos2 ( φ - α)
Ka =
= 0.301
(EARTH LEVEL)
18.925
20.725
11.390
1.800 (TOP OF Footing)
10.398
(BOTTOM OF Footing)
i) Pressure at Base of Stem

(Note :-The height h for action of pressure is considered as stem height only)
Earth Pressure at Wing Wall Base Ka γ h
= 0.301 x 2 x 18.925 = 11.390 T / m2
Total Force at Wing Wall Base ( Pa) 0. 5 x kaϒ h × h

0.50 x 11.39 x 18.925 x 1 = 107.773 T
Angle of inclination of Pa with Horizontal (δ + α) = 18.67 o
Horizontal Component ( Pah) = 107.773 x cos (18.67) = 102.104 T
Vertical Component ( Pav) = 107.773 x sin (18.67) = 34.494 T
Earth Pressure due to sloping surcharge Ka ϒ h h3 - in presence of fill

h = 18.925
h3 = 1/3 cotΦ × tanα × h
cotΦ = 1.428
tanα = 0.000
h3 = 0.000
Ka ϒ h h3 = 0.000 T
Angle of inclination of Pa with Horizontal (δ + α) = 18.67 o
Horizontal Component ( Pah) = 0 x cos (18.67) = 0.000 T

Vertical Component ( Pav) = 0 x sin (18.67) = 0.000 T
RCC RETURN WALL
3.2.2 Active Earth Pressure due to Surcharge

(Ref - Cl 5.8 of SubStructure and Foundation Code )
Total Barrel Length of Abut = 7.85 + 2 x 2 x 0 = 7.850 m
Distnace from edge of sleeper to face of Wing Wall = (7.85/2 - 2.75/2 + 2 x 0 + 0 ) = 2.550 m
Depth from top h = 18.925 m
Depth from top where 45˚ dispersion line meets Wing Wall D = 2.550 m
Hence
surcharge pressure acts on Wing Wall
0.350
0.000
B
D
h 18.925 45°
h1
3.925
i) Pressure at Base of Stem

P1 = (S + V) h1 x ka - if 45˚ surcharge acts on Wing Wall
(B + 2D)
Live Load surcharge = S = 134.397 kN/m

Dead load surcharge = V = 66.2175 kN/m
width of uniform distribution = B = 3 m
Coeff of earth pressure = Ka = 0.301
h = = 18.925
h1 = = 16.725 m
D = = 2.550 m
P1 = = 124.647 kN/m
Total Force on base of Wing Wall = 12.706 T
RCC RETURN WALL
RCC RETURN WALL
RCC RETURN WALL
RCC RETURN WALL
5.0 DESIGN MOMENTS AND SHEAR

Forces Force (T) ULS Factor LA from Moment (T-
AEP - Backfill (Horizontal Component) 102.104 1.7 6.31 1094.98
AEP - Sloping Surcharge (Horizontal Component) 0.000 1.7 9.4625 0.00
AEP - Train + Track Surcharge 12.706 1.7 8.3625 180.63
114.810 1275.615
Maximum Design Moment 1275.615 Tm

Maximum Design Shear 114.810 T
6.0 REINFORCEMENTS
Grade of concrete = 35 M
Grade of steel = 500 Fe
Grade of steel for stirrup/ shear links = 415 Fe
Exposure Condition = Moderate
Clear Cover = 50 mm
2
Mu lim coeff ( R ) = 3.99 N/mm R fy
= 406.728 T/m2 fck 500
20 2.66
25 3.33
30 3.99
35 4.65
Eff. Depth Eff depth Ast

Description Moment
Required Provided Ast Required Provided Dia Spacing
Stem Main bars- Inner face 1275.615 1.771 1.934 17308.8 7659.5 32 105
7659.5 32 105
4675.0 25 105
Stem Main bars- Outer face - - 1.940 2328.0 2992.0 20 105
Stem Distribution- Inner face - - 1.934 2320.8 2992.0 20 105
Stem Distribution- Outer face - - 1.940 2328.0 1914.9 16 105
7.0 Shear Reinforcement Calculation
Eff depth Shear Ult. Shear Depth

Location Shear Force Provided Stress % steel Pt Stres factor s S x Vc
Stem 114.810 1.934 0.582 0.396 0.484 0.713 0.345
Spacing W -
Location Asv Required Asv provided Dia Spacing L -wise wise
Stem 370.534 538.559 12 210 210 OK

Design of Counterfort Type Abutment

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Design of Counterfort Type Abutment

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT

ABUTMENT AND FOUNDATION

CONSTRUCTION OF NEW B.G. LINE FROM CHHOTA

2 FOOTING DESIGN - ABUTMENT

SPAN 3 X 30.5 COMPOSITE GIRDER

Chainage of Abutment 50610

RDSO Drawing No RDSO B 11754

Single span Loaded

Tractive force for each track 99.96 T

DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT ABUTMENT

3.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS:

Dimensions of different elements of Abutment :

4.0 SPAN DETAILS

4.2 Bearing details

Top plate Across traffic = 800 mm = 0.8 m

Front Counterfort 1.35

6 LOAD CALCULATION FOR COUNTERFORTS AND BREAST WALL

6.1 DEAD LOAD CALCULATION

Longitudinal Moment due to DL about C/L of Counterforts =

Transverse Eccentricity of Reaction, eT = = 0 m

6.1.2 Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) from Superstructure

6.1.3 Dead Load From Abutment Cap

C/L of Bearing C/L of counterfort

[b] Dead Load of Abutment Cap - Rectangular portion

[c] Dead Load of Plates & Bearing on Abutment Cap 2 nos

[d] Dead Load of Inspection Platform and Railing

6.1.4. Dead Load of Breast Wall

TRAFFIC DIRECTION 1.350

Total Height of Breast Wall = 263.139 - 248.338 = 14.801 m

Weight of Two CounterForts = 2 x 39.593 x 1.6 x 2.5

6.1.6. Dead Load of Front CounterForts

6.1.7 Dead Load of Wing Wall resting over Footing

Location of CG of Wing wall from toe = 9.200 m

Longitudinal Eccentricity w.r.t. C/L of Counterfort = 3.198 m

Longitudinal Moment Due to DL of Wing Wall about C/L of Counterfort

6.1.8 Dead Load of Footing

Weight of Footing at LWL ( Without Considering buoyancy) = 964.373 T

6.2 LIVE LOAD CALCULATION

6.2.1 VERTICAL LIVE LOAD CALCULATIONS

Total Live Load (Shear) with CDA = 347.951 x (1 + 0.358 )

For Design of Foundations (Shallow Foundation)

Therefore, CDA for Foundation = 0.358

6.2.2 HORIZONTAL LOAD CALCULATION

Type of Bearing = ELASTOMERIC

6.2.3 FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE DUE TO BEARING

Coefficient of Friction = 0.1

Frictional Force = 43.69079 T < 49.980 T Tractive/Braking Force

Lever Arm w.r.t. Base of Counterfort = 15.801 + 0.186 = 15.987 m

Moment about Base of Counterfort = 49.98 x 15.987 = 799.03026 T - m

6.3 EARTH PRESSURE

Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure

Total Load on Counterforts = 0.50 x 9.495 x 18.925 x 7.85 = 705.267 T

Moment About Base of Counterfort = = 4449.05807 T/m

6.3.2 ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE DUE TO SURCHARGE EFFECT

L-B = 7.85 - 3 = 4.850 m

Pressure at Top = [ (S + V ) / B ] Ka x No of tracks

Pressure at h i.e. 20.725 m below from Top

P1 = ( 3.328 + 0.636 ) x 4.85

AT Base of Counterfort Wall

Moment about Base of Counterfort Wall

6.4 VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO EARTH

b Length of backfill beyond counterforts in Long. Direction = 3.20 m

c Sectional Area over the counterforts = 114.148925 m2