2nd Semester Review Packet

Name: ___________________________________________________________ Period: __________________

Checkpoints + rubric
DUE
CHECKPOINT Topic(s) Pages Expectations Points
DATE:
o All pages within the topic are
accurately completed.
o Not a single question/chart has been 20
left blank.
#1 o Questions are thoroughly answered
o All pages within the topic are
accurately completed.
o Not a single question/chart has been 20
left blank.
o Questions are thoroughly answered
o All pages within the topic are
accurately completed.
o Not a single question/chart has been 15
left blank.
#2 o Questions are thoroughly answered
o All pages within the topic are
accurately completed.
o Not a single question/chart has been 15
left blank.
o Questions are thoroughly answered
o All pages within the topic are
accurately completed.
o Not a single question/chart has been 15
left blank.
o Questions are thoroughly answered
#3
o All pages within the topic are
accurately completed.
o Not a single question/chart has been 15
left blank.
o Questions are thoroughly answered

o This packet is a major grade. In order for you to stay on track, you will be completing
checkpoints along the way.
o Each checkpoint is a punctuality grade. If you miss one checkpoint, you will be assigned a
Thursday Night Live in order to catch up.
o There will be activity periods in which you may come and complete the packet in order to help
you along the way.
o Make sure to look at anything that is in black, as that will have directions for you.

1
 Political Organization of Space Topic #1

Sovereignty State

Directions: Match the term with the correct definition below.

Term Definition

The ability of the state to carry out actions or policies within its borders independently
from interference from the inside or the outside.

A politically organized territory that is administered by sovereign government and is

recognized by a significant portion of the international community.

Directions: In the space provided, draw an example that best described the boundary process below.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Definition Delimitation Demarcation

The written description of the Officially marking the boundary Officially marking the boundary
boundary - usually in a treaty on a map on the physical landscape

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Antecedent Boundary Frontier Geometric Boundary Militarized Boundary Open Boundary
Subsequent
Physical Boundary Relic Boundary (Consequent) Boundary

Directions: Match the term with the definition below.

Term Definition
A zone separating two states in which neither of the states exercises political
control

Follows a natural feature such as a river or mountain

Drawn as straight lines; sometimes follows lines of latitude or longitude

Drawn after a population has been established and evolves with the growing
population.

A boundary that’s been demarcated and fortified to separate two places; military
often present.

Boundary was drawn prior to much settlement

One that used to exist but is no longer recognized as an official boundary; no

longer formally defined

Where crossing is unimpeded

DIRECTIONS: Using the terms above, match the example with the correct term. The may be used once,
more than once, or not at all.

Examples
Treaty of 1846 between the U.S. and Canada

Great Wall of China

The linguistic boundary between Spain and Portugal separates Spanish and
Portuguese speaking cultures.

Antarctica

Boundary between North and South Korea

The straight line between Alaska & Yukon Territory follows the 141st meridian

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Directions: Label an example of each of the types of boundaries from page 4 on the map below

4
Functional (Operational) Positional (Definitional) Resource (Allocational)
Disputes Disputes Territorial Disputes
Disputes

Directions: Match the term above to the correct definition below.

Term Definition
Occurs when states argue about where the border actually is.

This arises over the ownership of a region, usually around mutual

borders.

A dispute regarding natural resources, such as mineral deposits, fertile

farmland, or rich fishing groups that lie in border areas.

Arises when neighboring states cannot agree on policies that apply in

a border area.

Directions: Using the definitions and terms above, label an example of each
boundary dispute.

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 Contiguous Zone Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Territorial Waters

Directions: Match the term above to the correct definition below.

Term Definition
Area that within 200 nautical miles from the coast of the state, all resources in this
area are controlled by that state. Passage through this territory is allowed without
authorization.
Areas of bodies of water that are under the complete control of the state. These
waters are with 12 nautical miles of the state’s coast; in this area, foreign vessels
need permission to enter and are under the laws of the controlling state
Coast states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles, where they can
enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation

Census Gerrymandering Reapportionment Redistricting

Directions: Match the term above to the correct definition below.

Term Definition

Counts the population of a nation, state, or other geographic region.

The process of allocating legislative seats among voting districts so that each legislator
represents approximately the same amount of people.

Redrawing boundaries of voting districts based on data collected by the U.S. census
every year. The number of representatives in the U.S. House is based on population
distribution.

The process of re-drawing political voting districts to favor one political party

Geopolitical Theory – Ratzel Heartland Theory – Mackinder Rimland Theory – Spykman

A country is like a living
organism. It has a life cycle of
birth and eventual death. The
only way to keep a state viable is
to continue expansion. Basis of
Nazi Germany’s expansionist
views.
Global power came from control
of the Eurasian landmass, rather
than the seas. Mackinder
believed that the interior region
of Europe and Asia was safe from
attach from the sea. He called
this area the heartland.
Counter to Heartland theory saying power
came from control of the seas. The area along
the sea in Eurasia was called the rimland. His
reasoning for believing this was because
the rimland contained resources, costal access,
as well as access to the interior, and dense
populations

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 Unitary Systems Federal Systems

Centralized government where all power is held by Powers of government are divided between a
Defined one agency central government and several local
governments

Example
countries

Advantages

Negatives

Directions: Based on the definitions above, match the correct advantages to the correct
type of government. (Match by using the letters.)

A. Uniform policies, laws throughout country E. Fewer conflicts between national and local governments
B. Local governments handle local problems F. Local governments handle local problems
C. Central government can devote more time to G. People have more influence on things like what highways
national and international issues get built, what is taught in schools, etc.

D. Greater unity and stability H. People have more influence on things like what highways
get built, what is taught in schools, etc.

Directions: Based on the definitions above, match the correct disadvantages to the correct
type of government. (Match by using the letters.)

A. Central Government out of touch with local concerns E. Disputes over national supremacy versus states’ rights

B. Duplication of Services F. States may pass laws to counter national policy

C. If central government gets too involved in local G. Citizens living in different parts of the country will be
problems, won’t meet needs of all citizens treated differently.

D. Slow in meeting local problems

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 Compact Elongated Fragmented Perforated Prorupted

DIRECTIONS: Using the terms above, match them with the correct descriptions below. You must also
draw an image to represent the type of state in the space provided.

Type of
State

Picture

Easy to govern, Easy transportation,

Can use the extended Greater water Able to pressure the
transport, extends over more
Strength region like an arm to territory, covers larger countries within and
communicate, natural features and
grab resources areas of the world “watch” over it
defend climate zones

Little expansion Hard to defend More border control Unable to do much

Hard to communicate,
Weakness space, single against other needed, longer distance within that area, small
defend, control
climate zone countries to cover, hard to control area can be nuisance

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 DIRECTIONS: Label at least two examples of states that fit the type of shapes on the previous page. Make a key and
make sure to label the countries you are using as an example.

Morphology
Compact

Prorupted

Perforated

Fragmented

Landlocked

Exclave

Enclave

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 Political Organization of Space Topic #2
Nation Nation-States Multinational States States Stateless Nations
Directions: Using the terms above, match them with the correct definition.

Term Definition in your words

A group of people that is bound together by a common political

identity.

A politically organized territory that is administered by a

sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion
of the international community.

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a

particular ethnicity that has been transformed in a nationality.

People without a state.

A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of

self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing
each other as distinct nationalities.

Directions: Using the terms above, match them with the correct example below.

United Kingdom

Kurds

French

Germany

Iceland

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 Political Organization of Space Topic #3

Term Definition

Three or more countries coming together for a common

Supranationalism purpose or goal, but with the countries sacrificing some
sovereignty.

DIRECTIONS: List at least three economic and two political supranational

organizations below.

ECONOMIC POLITICAL

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 DIRECTIONS: Based on the descriptions below, match the correct supranational organization from above.

ASEAN European Union NAFTA NATO United Nations

Supranational
Organization

 International  A political/military  Works toward  Works toward  Works toward tariff

organization founded in
1945.
 Currently made up of
193 Member States.
 Mission and work are
guided by the purposes
and principles  Today is focused
contained in
Description its founding Charter
 It brings states
together to promote
and achieve peace,
development and
respect for human
rights
organization led bringing European bringing Southeast elimination
by the United nations together to Asian nations  Involves Mexico,
States that improve efficiency of together Canada, and the United
historically was to those nations. peacefully and States
counter the  Advantages: helpful beneficially for  Imported goods are
Soviet Union to the European their economies cheaper for the
community and and citizens. consumer
on undertaking economy  It unites all the  Many factories were
crisis  Makes many allies different countries moved to Mexico;
management  Member countries within Southeast without tariffs
both militarily and may have to support Asia and functions  Foreign goods are
non-militarily struggling economies similar to the cheaper than domestic
before, during, as well as countries European Union, goods, meaning
and after conflicts desiring more bringing consumers are more
as well as the autonomy economies inclined to go after
original focus of together. foreign products
protecting
members.

1) List two advantages of being a part of a supranational organization? _______________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) List two disadvantages of being a part of a supranational organization? _____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12
 Term Definition

The process where the power within a country is transferred from the central government
Devolution
to regions of the country.

Ethnic Separatism Economic Problems Spatial

DIRECTIONS: Using the definition above, match the correct type of

devolution to the description and examples below.

(HINT: You may have to look back at your P.O.S. BOK in order to answer the examples.)
Type of Devolution How does this force cause devolution

This devolution most often occurs on the margins of the state. Distance,
remoteness, and peripheral location promote devolution.

The tendency of an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with right to
autonomy or independence.

Economic inequalities may also destabilize nation-state, particularly if the

inequalities are regional

The break-up of Yugoslavia

Catalonia in Spain

East Timor (Indonesia)

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Type of Devolution Definition
Centrifugal Forces Force that divides the people of a state

Centripetal Forces Force that units the people of a state

Centrifugal Forces Centripetal Forces

DIRECTIONS: Based on the definitions above, put the descriptions below

in the correct category.

A. Discrimination and Inequality I. Multinational States

B. Equality J. Varying Religions

C. Shared Culture K. Shared Religion

D. Strong economy L. Varying Languages

E. Shared Language M. Weak Infrastructure

F. Varying Ethnicities and Cultural Group N. Patriotism and Nationalism

G. Geographic Barriers Separating People O. Education System

H. Good Infrastructure P. Poverty

14
 Agriculture and Rural Land Use Topic #1
Term Definition

Agricultural Hearth The origin of agricultural practices.

DIRECTIONS: Label the following hearths on the maps below

o Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent)
o Southeast Asia (include Huang He valley in China)
o Americas (Meso and Andean)

What was the Columbian Exchange?

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 DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions below in the space provided.

How has new technology and increased food production led to the following…

Better diet

Longer life

More people
available for
work in factories

How the Green Revolution led to these Positive Consequences

Increased food
production

Relative
Reduction in
hunger at the
global scale

Social
Consequences

How the Green Revolution led to these Negative Consequences

Environmental
Damage from
irrigation and
chemical use

Costs of
Technology and
seeds

Regions not
impacted

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 Agriculture and Rural Land Use Topic #2

DIRECTIONS: Using the key, label the types of subsistence agriculture on the
map. You must also write the type of climate needed for each form of
agriculture.

Color on map Climate Characteristics

Shifting Cultivation

Pastoral Nomadism

Wet Rice Dominant

Wet Rice Not Dominant

DIRECTIONS: Match the characteristics to the correct form of agriculture.

A. Sometimes called Slash-and-Burn Agriculture E. Adapted to arid and semiarid

regions
B. Most commonly practiced type of agriculture F. Swidden
globally
C. Work done primarily by hand and with help of G. Occurs in areas where climate is too
animals. dry for rice
D. The combination of crop types and livestock, H. Open grazing of herd animals as the
usually a grain crop, sole or dominant farming activity.

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 Color on map Climate Characteristics

Mixed Crop and

Livestock
Dairy

Livestock Ranching

Gardening and Fruit

Mediterranean

Plantation Agriculture

A. Most labor intensive of the commercial H. Semi-arid and arid regions

agricultures
B. Cash crops I. Truck farming

C. Food is produced primarily for human J. Horticulture

consumption
D. In the Amazon region, one of the major K. Corn is the most common grown
contributors to deforestation crop
E. Predominately found in the Southeastern United L. The area that is served is the milk
States shed
F. Cultural taboos can prevent the type of M. Practiced in LDCs but owned by
agriculture being practices MDC companies
G. Labor costs are kept down by hiring migrant N. Tropics and subtropics
workers

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 Directions: Compare subsistence vs. commercial types of agriculture in the t-
chart below by writing a brief description of each.

Subsistence Commercial
Labor/mechanization/

technology

Economic Purpose

Size or scale of Farm

Level of Economic
Development

Financial Investment

Gender

Term Definition
A type of subsistence agriculture that involves the cultivation of small land plots
Intensive Agriculture
through great amounts of labor, and yields per unit.

A type of subsistence agriculture that involves large areas of land and minimal labor
Extensive Agriculture
per land unit.

Directions: Based on the definition above, list the agricultures that fit in the
correct category below.

Intensive Extensive

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 Agriculture and Rural Land Use Topic #3
DIRECTIONS: Based on the definition below, draw an image that best represents
the type of settlement.

Clustered Settlement Dispersed Settlement Linear Settlement

A village that may have more than one Village that follows major roads,
major road that they build along, and Individual farmhouses lying quite far often one single thoroughfare lined
they also may have housing that clusters apart. with houses, businesses, and public
around large public buildings. buildings.

DIRECTIONS: Match the types of agriculture to the correct zone according to

Von Thunen’s Theory.
 Forest Zones
 Intensive Agriculture
 Livestock
 Market
 Wheat and Grains

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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  The model helps to explain rural land use by emphasizing the
importance of transportation costs associated with distance
from the market.
 The model is an illustration of the balance between land cost
and transportation cost.
Von Thünen’s Theory
 As you get closer to the city, the price of land increases - The
model is an illustration of the balance between land cost and
transportation cost.
 As you get closer to the city, the price of land increases - BID
RENT

DIRECTIONS: Based on Von Thünen’s Theory above, explain how the

categories below does not apply to Von Thünen’s theory.

Explain how these categories do NOT apply to Von Thünen’s theory

Regions of Specialty
Farming

Changes brought on by
improvements in
transportation

Changes brought on by
improvements in food
preservation

Changes brought on by
the globalization of
agriculture

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 Agriculture and Rural Land Use Topic #4

Agribusiness Commodity Chain Economy of Scale

DIRECTIONS: Match the terms above to the correct definition below.

Term Definition
Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps
in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large
corporations.
Increase in efficiency of production as the number of goods being
produced increases
All steps of agricultural production - including the production on the
farm, then processing, and eventually selling and/or marketing the
product.

Term Description/Definition How affects land use/land cover change

Irrigation

Desertification

Deforestation

Wetland Destruction

Conservation Efforts

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DIRECTIONS: Based on the definitions below, describe how each factor has
impacted the environment.

How it impacts the

Environmental Issue Description/Definition
environment

The decline in the usefulness and

Soil degradation
quality of soil over time.

Excessive grazing in an area to the

Overgrazing point of permanent damage to the
vegetation and topography

The overuse of surface and ground

River and aquifer water sources so that water from
depletion these sources becomes scarce and
the sources eventually dry up

The feces produced by animals in the

Animal Wastes meat or dairy industries can pollute
the water and air.

Chemicals in fertilizers and pesticides

Extensive fertilizer and can negatively impact organisms that
Pesticide Use consume the chemicals and the
environment due to chemical run-off.

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 A GMO, or genetically modified organism, is a
plant, animal, microorganism or other organism
whose genetic makeup has been modified in a
Genetically Modified laboratory using genetic engineering or transgenic
Organism technology. This creates combinations of plant,
animal, bacterial and virus genes that do not occur
in nature or through traditional crossbreeding
methods.

DIRECTIONS: Based on the definition above, list the pros and cons of
Genetically Modifies Organisms.

PROS CONS

DIRECTIONS: In the space provided below, explain how the role of women
in food production has changed.

Role of
How has the role of women in food production changed?
Women

Food
Gathering

Farming

Managing
Agribusiness

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