arK-kw-c£

- W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ
Dev]m-Z\
- hpw hn]-W\
- hpw

tUm. Sn.-]n.-tk-Xp-am-[h
- ≥

F‚¿{]-W¿jn∏v hn`mKw
tI-cf sh‰dn\dn B‚ v A\n-a¬ kb≥kkv bqWn-th-gvkn‰n
Title : Mrigasamrakshana Farming Reethikal- Ulpadhanavun Vipananavum
(arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ˛ D¬∏m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-\hpw)

Published by : Dr. S. Ramkumar

Director of Entrepreneurship
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Pookode, Wayanad
Kerala State
www.kvasu.ac.in

Author : Dr. T.P.Sethumadhavan

Head, Publications
Directorate of Entrepreneurship
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Year of Publication : 2014

No. of Copies : 1000

Price : Rs. 60/- (Rupees Sixty only)

Layout & Design : Santhosh Joeboy, Thrissur

Printed @ KBPS, Kakkanaad, Kochi
 arK-kw-c£
- W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ
Dev]m-Z\
- hpw hn]-W\
- hpw

cmPysØ samØw Im¿jnI B`y-¥c Dev]m-Z-\-Øns‚ aq∂n-

sem-t∂mfw kw`m-h\ sNøp∂ arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bn¬ ]m¬, ap´,
Cd®n F∂n-h-bpsS Dev]m-Z-\-Ønepw D]-t`m-K-Ønepw XΩn¬ h≥
A¥cw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS hmßm-\p≈ tijn, P¥p-
P\y Dev]-∂-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Xmev]cyw F∂nh h¿≤n®p hcp∂ C°m-
eØv `£y-kp-c-£, `£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw, imkv{Xob hn]-W-\w, Ib-
‰p-aXn F∂nh Gsd {]m[m\ya¿ln-°p-∂p.
]c-º-cm-KX coXn-bn¬ \n∂pw kwcw`-I-Xz-Øn-te-bv°p≈ am‰w
IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ tZiob Im¿jnI hnI-k\ \bw e£y-an-Sp∂
hn]Wn e£y- a n- ´ p≈ Dev ] m- Z \ {]{In- b - b v ° v Du∂¬ \¬IWw.
P¥pP\y Dev]-∂-߃ KpW-ta-∑-tbmsS Dev]m-Zn-∏n-®m¬ am{Xta A¥m-
cmjv{S hn]-Wn-bn¬ apt∂-dm≥ km[n-°q. sNehp Ipd™ Dev]m-Z\
{]{Inbbpw BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ Dev]m-Z\ coXn-Ifpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.
ÿe hnkvXrXn Ipd™ tIc-f-Øn\v kmº-Øn-Ihpw, kmaq-
ln-I-hpw, ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-hp-amb LS-I-߃ kwtbm-Pn-∏n®psIm≠p≈
kpÿnc arKkwc-£-W coXn-Iƒ Bh-iy-am-Wv. Ch-bv°m-h-iy-amb
hnh-c-߃ Dƒs°m-≈n®p sIm≠p≈ arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-
Iƒ ˛ Dev]m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-\hpw F∂ tUm. Sn.-]n. tkXp-am-[-h≥
cNn® ]pkvXIw arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bn¬ Dev]m-Z\w, hn]-W\w
F∂n-h-bn¬ ]pXnb Znim-t_m[w hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.
hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-I¿, sXmgn¬ kwcw-`-I¿, Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]-
\-ß-fnse `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ, Kth-j-I¿, I¿j-I¿ F∂n-h¿°v CXv Gsd-
D-]-Im-c{]Zam-bn-cn-°pw. Cu taJ-e-b-nse kºq¿Æ hnh-c-߃ Dƒs°m-
≈n-°m≥ ]cn-{i-an® {KŸ-I¿Ømhv {]tXyI A`n-\-µ-\-a¿ln-°p-∂p.

F∂v
hniz-kvX-XtbmsS,

tUm. _n. AtimIv

]qt°mSv sshkvNm≥k-e¿
01.01.2014 sh‰-dn-\dn k¿∆-I-em-ime
 ]pkvXI
- s
- Ø-°p-dn®v

P\- k w- J y- b n¬ ap≥\nc- b n¬ \n¬°p∂ C¥y- b n¬

`t£ym¬]m-Z\w, kwkv°-c-Ww, hnX-cWw F∂nh Db¿Øp∂ sh√p-
hn-fn-Iƒ \nc-h[n-bm-Wv.
]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂n-h-bpsS Dev]m-Z\w apX¬ D]-t`mKw hsc
imkv{Xob Dev]m-Z\ coXn-Iƒ A\p-h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. BtKm-f-h-
XvIr-X-bp-K-Øn¬ Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ssIh-cn-°m≥ CXv
AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-W-v. ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂n-h-bv°p-th≠n [m\y-
߃, ]b-dp-h¿§-߃, ]®-°-dn F∂n-h-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ sNe-hn-Sp-
∂-Xmbn IW-°p-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssPh-Ir-jn, {]Ir-Xym-ep≈ Irjn
F∂n-hbv°pw BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ {]m[m-\y-tadnhcp-∂p. ^pUv tk^v‰n
B‚ v Ãm≥tU¿Uvkv BIvSv 2006 {]m_-ey-Øn¬ h∂-tXmsS Dev]-
∂-ß-fpsS KpW-ta-∑, Btcm-Ky-Zm-bI ÿnXn F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v D]-
t`m-‡m-°-fn¬ Xm¬]cyw h¿≤n®p hcp-∂p.
P\-km-{µX IqSp-Xepw, `qhn-kvXrXn Ipd-hp-ap≈ tIc-f-Øn¬
kpÿnc Irjn-coXnbneq-∂n-bp≈ hnI-k-\-Øn\v km[y-X-I-tf-sd-bp≠v.
]mcn- ÿ n- X nI {]iv \ - ß ƒ ]cn- l - c n- ° m≥ imkv { Xob amen\y
\n¿am¿÷\ coXn-Ifpw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu cwKØv hn]Wn e£y-an´p≈
hn⁄m\ hym]-\-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬In-sIm≠v tUm. Sn.-]n. tkXp-am-
[-h≥ cNn® F‚¿{]-W¿jn∏v hn`mKw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ arK-kw-c-
£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ˛ Dev]m-Z-\hpw hn]-W-\hpw F∂ {KŸ-
Øn\v Gsd {]k-‡n-bp-≠v. sXmgn¬ kwcw-`I¿, I¿j-I¿, hnI-k\
{]h¿Ø-I¿, hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ F∂n-h¿°v ]c-º-cm-KX coXn-bn¬ \n∂pw
kwcw`I-Xz-Øn-te°v amdn Nn¥n°m≥ Cu ]pkvXIw D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂v
Rm≥ {]Xo£n-°p∂p
F∂v
hniz-kvX-XtbmsS,

tUm. Fkv. cmwIp-am¿

Ub-d-IvS¿
]qt°mSv F‚¿{]-W¿jn∏v hn`mKw
01.01.2014 sh‰-dn-\dn k¿∆-I-em-ime
 BapJw

cmPyØv t{]m´o≥ \yq\X aqe-ap≈ tcmK߃ h¿≤n®p hcp-

tºmƒ Chbv°v sNe-hp-Ip-d-™-Xpw, Ffp-∏-Øn¬ A\p-h¿Øn-°m-
hp∂Xpamb am¿§w ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂n-h-bpsS Dev]mZ\w h¿≤n-∏n-
°p-I-bm-Wv. cmPyØv kkym-lm-c-tØ-°mƒ P\-߃ amwkm-lm-c-
tØmSv Xmev]cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂v IW-°p-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
Cu cwKsØ hf¿®m \nc°v Im¿jnI taJ-e-tb-°mƒ 1.5 Cc´n IqSp-
X-em-Wv. `£y-kp-c-£, £y-kp-c-£n-X-Xzw, kmº-ØnI amµyw XpS-
ßnb BtKmf {]iv\-߃ \ne-\n¬°p-tºmƒ X\Xv ssien-bn¬ \n∂p
amdn arK-kw-c-£W cwKØv kpÿnc hnI-k\w A\p-h¿Øn-t°-≠Xv
Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ambn amdn-°-gn-™p.
D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS Xm¬]-cyw, hn]Wn F∂nh e£y-an-´p-≈
Dev]m-Z\ {]{Inb-bv°v Iq-Sp-X¬ {]m[m\yw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. ssPh-
Ir-jn, `£y-kp-c-£n-XXz \n_-‘-\-Iƒ, ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]iv\-߃,
hn]-W\ km[y-X-Iƒ, KpW-\n-e-hmcw apX-emb Imcy-߃°v Du∂¬
\¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Ch-bv°m-h-iy-amb hnh-c-߃ ÿnXnhnh-c-°-W-°p-
Iƒ klnXw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ ^manßv coXn-Iƒ ˛ hymh-km-bnI
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ F∂ {KŸ-w arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bp-ambn _‘-
s∏´v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°v Gsd {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Rm≥ hniz-
kn-°p-∂p.

F∂v
hniz-kvX-XtbmsS,

tUm. Sn.-]n. tkXp-am-[h-≥

slUv, ]ªn-t°-j≥kv
]qt°mSv F‚¿{]-W¿jn∏v hn`mKw
01.01.2014 sh‰-dn-\dn k¿∆-I-em-ime
 D≈-S°w

1 ]pXnb kao-]\w 11
2 arK-kw-c-£WØn\v km[y-Xtbdp∂p 17
3 hyh-km-b-h-XvI-c-Whp Ib-‰p-aXnbpw 23
4 hntZ-i- ^manßv co-Xn-Iƒ 26
5 BtKmf km[y-X-Iƒ 29
6 Dev]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°m-≥ 33
7 hn]W\w imkv{XobamIWw 35
8 ssPh-Irjn XpS-ßp-tºmƒ 39
9 Cd®n hyh-kmbw˛km[y-X-Iƒ 44
10 tImgn-bn-d®n Cd-°p-a-Xn°v km[y-X-tb-dp∂p 47
11 _men D®tImSnbn¬ C¥y°v t\cnb t\´w 49
12 Ubdn ^man¬ \n∂v sshZypXnbpw 52
12 £oc-hn-]-Wn-bnse am-dp∂ {]h-W-X-Iƒ 54
 ]pXnb kao-]-\w

ImeØns\mØ am‰Øn\\pkcn®v Dev]mZ\w, hn]W\w

F∂nhbn¬ imkv{Xob kao]\w A\ph¿Øn®m¬ am{Xsa BtKmf
XeØnep≈ hnIk\w ayKkwc£W cwKØv C¥ybnepw
kyjvSn°m≥ Ignbp. BtKmfXeØn¬ a\pjycnepw ayK߃°pw
'Hscm‰ BtcmKyw'- One Health F∂ BibØn\v {]m[m\yw
e`n°ptºmƒ ayKkwc£W taJebn¬ tcmK\nb{¥Øn\v IqSpX¬
{]m[m\yw e`nt°≠Xp≠v. ASpØ ImeØmbn Xangv\mSv, I¿ÆmSI,
tIcfw,]pXpt®cn, B{‘ F∂o Z£ntW¥y≥ kwÿm\ßfn¬
I∂pImenIfn¬ hym]Iambn I≠phcp∂ Ipfºp tcmKw
]mepev ∏ mZ\sØ {]XnIqeambn _m[n®n´p≠v . F∂m¬ tZiob
kºZv h yhÿbn¬ ayKkwcw£Ww, £ochnIk\w F∂nh
D]Poh\am¿§ambn amdptºmƒ Ipdbp∂ Dev]mZ\£aX cmPysØ
samØw B`y¥c Dev]mZ\sØ {]XnIqeambn _m[n°pw. Im¿jnI
taJebnse HcpiXam\w hf¿®bv°v 3--4% tØmfw ayKkwcw£W
taJe hf¿® ssIhcnt°≠Xp≠v.
ayKkwcw£W taJebnse hf¿®m\nc°v `£y[m\y
D¬]mZ\tØ°mƒ IqSpXemsW∂v ]T\߃ kqNn∏n°p∂p. ]m¬,
ap´, Cd®n, a’y Dev∏mZ\Øn¬ hf¿®m\nc°v 5% ¬ \n∂v 10% ambn
Db¿∂n´p≠v. temIØn¬ sh®v G‰hpw IqSpX¬ I∂pImenIfp≈
C¥ybnse 70% P\ßfpsSbpw hcpam\am¿§w Iyjnbpw
ayKkwcw£WhpamWv.
cmPysØ samØw B`y¥c Dev]mZ\Øn¬ 18000 tImSn cq]
kw`mh\sNøp∂ taJebmWv ayKkwcw£Ww. CXn¬ ]m¬,
]mep¬∏∂߃ F∂nh 70% tØmfw hcpw. Cd®n, Cd®nbp¬∏∂߃,
F∂nh 11.5% hpw, tImgnbnd®n 8.8% hpw NmWIw 7.8% hpw, ap´, XpI¬

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 11

F∂nhbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p. cmPyØv 70% P¥Pp\yD¬∏∂ßfpw
hn]WnbnseØn°p∂Xv 67% tØmfw sNdpInS \maam{X I¿jIcpw
`qclnX I¿jI sXgnemfnIfpamWv. ayKkwcw£W taJebn¬
\n∂p≈ Dev∏∂ßfpsS aqeyw 2011-˛12 ¬ 4,59051 tImSntbmfw hcpw.
CXv samØw Im¿jnI Dev∏∂ßfpsS aqeyØns‚ 25.6% tØmfw hcpw.
C¥y temIØn¬ sht®‰hpw IqSpX¬ ]mepev∏mZn°p∂ cmPyamWv.
{]Xnh¿j ]mep¬∏mZ\w 127.9 Zie£ IW°mWv . ]mens‚
{]Xnio¿j D]t`mKw 281 {KmamWv. CXv 2013 Ahkm\tØmsS 133
Zie£w IW°m°n Db¿Øm\mWv e£yan´ncn°p∂Xv. 2011-˛12 ¬
Dev]mZn∏n® ]mens‚ aqeyw 3,05,484 tImSn cq]bmWv.
C¥ybnse Cd®nbpev]mZ\w Xo¿Øpw AkwLSnX
taJebnemWv. h¿≤n®phcp∂ \Kch¬°cWw. Db¿∂ hcpam\w,
PohnX ssienbnep≈ am‰w, ]m°v sNbvX Cd®n, Cd®nbpev∏∂߃
F∂nhtbmSp≈ Xmev ∏ cyw F∂nh h¿≤n®p hcp∂p. 2011- ˛ 12 ¬
Cd®nbpev ∏ ∂Ønse hm¿jnI hf¿®m\nc°v 13 iXam\Øn
e[nIamWv. C¥ybn¬ Dev]mZn∏n® Cd®nbn¬ 54% hpw B´nd®nbpw,
sNΩcnbmSns‚ Cd®nbpw (a´¨) 20% t]mØnd®nbpw, 13%
tImgnbnd®nbpw, 7% ]∂nbnd®nbpamWv. samØw Cd®nbpev]mZ\w
5.5 Zie£w SÆmWv.
tImgnbnd®n Dev ] mZ\taJebn¬ hf¿®m \nc°v hfsc
IqSpXemWv. 2011˛12 ¬ Dev]mZn∏n® Cd®nbpsS aqeyw 83641 tImSn
cq]tbmfw hcpw. Dev]mZn∏n°s∏Sp∂ ap´bpsS aqeyw 17,803 tImSn
cq]bmWv. ap´bpsS Ib‰paXnbneqsS 457.82 tImSn cq] hcpam\w
e`n®p hcp∂p.
Hcp ]iphn¬ \n∂pw {]XnZn\w 10˛20 Intem{Kmw NmWIw
e`n°pw. ]mNIØn\mbn 640 Zie£w S¨ NmWIw
D]tbmKn®phcp∂p. cmPyØv 25 Zie£w t]cmWv ayKkwc£W
taJebpambn _‘s∏´v {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv . tImgn hf¿Ø¬
taJebn¬ 1.5 Zie£w t]¿ sXmgn¬ sNøp∂p. CXneqsS \nch[n
t]¿°v t\cn´pw ]tcm£ambpw sXmgn¬ e`n°p∂p.Dev]mZ\w, aqey
h¿≤nX Dev]∂\n¿ΩmWw, Ib‰paXn F∂nhbn¬ ayKkwc£W
taJebn¬ Gsd km[yXIfmWp≈Xv.
C∂v ]mepev∏mZ\sNehv A\pZn\w h¿≤n®p hcnIbmWv.
tIcfØn¬ ]mens‚ hnebn¬ 56% h¿≤\hp≠mIptºmƒ Ign™
aq∂c ]Xn‰m≠p Imebfhn¬ Xo‰bpsS hnebnep≠mb h¿≤\hv

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 12

225% Øne[nIamWv. £oc taJe kpÿncX ssIhcn°Wsa¶n¬
]pXnb am‰ßƒ Dƒs°m≠ps°m≠p≈ \b kao]\w ]≤Xn
cq]nIcWØn¬ BhiyamWv.
tIcfØn¬ ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂nhbpsS {]Xnio¿j
D]t`mKØnepw, e`yXbnepw h≥ A¥cw C∂v \ne\nev°p∂p. Ch
Ipd°m\p≈ am¿§ßƒ°v ap≥KW\\evtI≠Xp≠v
D]t`mKw h¿≤n∏n°m≥ Dev]mZ\w h¿≤n∏nt® aXnbmIp. F∂m¬
Ipd™ sNehn¬ IqSpX¬ Dev]mZ\w km[yamIm\p≈ am¿§ßƒ°v
ap≥KW\ \evIWw.ÿmbnbmb ayKkwc£W coXnIƒ
kmºØnIw, kmaqlnIw, ]mcnÿnXnIw F∂o aq∂p LSIßsf
B{ibn®ncn°p∂p.

hn]Wn e£yan´p≈ Dev]mZ\{]{Inb

tZiob Im¿jnI hnIk\\bØns‚ `mKambn hn]Wn
e£yan´p≈ Dev]mZ\ {]{Inb°v {]m[m\yw \¬Inhcp∂p. CXn\mbn
hn]Wnbv°v Du∂¬ \¬Inbp≈ hn⁄m\hym]\ {]h¿Ø\߃
BhiyamWv.
BtKmfhXvIyX bpKØn¬ Km´v/ Bknbm≥
Icmdnepƒs∏SpØn Dev∏∂ßfpsS Ib‰paXn, hym]mcw F∂nhbv°v
km[yXItfsdbp≠v. F∂m¬ Ch KpWta∑tbmsS
hn]WnbnseØnt°≠Xp≠v . `£ykpc£, `£ykpc£nXXzw
F∂nhbv°v IqSpX¬ {]m[m\yw e`n®p hcp∂ C°meØv A¥mcmjv{S
hn]Wn ssIøS°Wsa¶n¬ Dev∏∂߃ KpWta∑tbmsS
D]t`m‡mhns‚ ssIIfnseØn°Ww.

`£ykpc£, `£ykpc£nXXzw
Food safety and standards act 2006 A\pkcn®p≈ \n_‘\Iƒ
]men°Ww. `£ykwkvIyX taJebn¬ cmPyØns‚ hf¿®m\nc°v
18% Øne[nIamWv. B‚ n_tbm´n°pIƒ, IoS\min\nIƒ,
temlmwi߃ XpSßnbh Dev ∏ ∂ßfn¬ ip]m¿i sNøp∂
Afhnepw Ipdhmbncn°Ww.

Customized Production
aqeyh¿≤nX Dev∏∂\n¿ΩmWØn\v IpSpX¬ t{]m’ml\w
BhiyamWv . D]t`m‡m°ƒ°mbnWßnb Dev ] ∂ßfmWv

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 13

hn]WnbnseØnt°≠Xv. sImgp∏v Ipd™ ]m¬, ]mepev∏∂߃,
Cd®n, Cd®nbpev ∏ ∂߃, t^m¿´nss^Uv ap´Iƒ F∂nhbn¬
NneXmWv. Customized Production \v {]m[m\yw \¬IWw. Ip´nIsf
e£yan´p≈ tNmIvtf‰pIƒ CXn\pZmlcWamWv.
BtcmKyZmbIhpw t]mjIkw]pjv S hpamb Dev ∏ ∂߃
\n¿Ωn°Ww. P¥pP\y `£y hkvXp°fpsS Cd°paXn h¿≤n®p
hcptºmƒ KpWt∑abp≈ Dev∏∂߃ `£y kpc£nXXz
\nbaa\pkcn®v hn]WnbnseØn°p∂Xn\p≈ am¿§ßƒ°v
ap≥KW\\¬IWw. ]m¬s∏mSn, t]mØnd®n F∂nhbv°v
A¥mcmjv{S hn]Wnbn¬ km[yXItfsdbp≠v. C¥y≥ t]mØnd®n
\mcpIfp≈Xpw, sImgp∏pIpd™Xpw kzmZnjvShpamWv.
AWpIpSpw_߃ h¿≤n®p hcp∂ C°meØv BhiyØn\nWßnb
D¬∏∂߃ e`yam°m≥ Divisibility X{¥ßƒ {]mh¿ØnIam°Ww.
sImgp∏pIpd™ Cd®n e`yam°m≥ apb¬, ImS hf¿Ø¬
t{]m¬kmln∏n°Ww. Hcp Iyjnbn¬ \n∂p≈ AhinjvS߃ a‰p
Iyjn°p≈ AkwkvIyX hkvXphmIp∂ kwtbmPnX Iyjn coXn
hn]pes∏SpØWw. apb¬, Xmdmhv, ]®°dn Iyjn, a’yw, Xmdmhv
I∂pImen hf¿Ø¬ XpSßnbh kwtbmPnX Iyjnbnepƒs∏SpØmw.
Htc ÿeØv hnhn[ ^manwKv coXnIƒ A\ph¿Øn°p∂
kΩn{iIyjn {]mh¿ØnIam°mhp∂XmWv.
`£y kpc£m {]Xnk‘n \ne\nev°ptºmƒ Dev∏mZ\w
h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\p≈ am¿§ßƒ°v IqSpX¬ Du∂¬ \¬IWw.
I∂pImenIfpsS FÆw h¿≤n∏n®pw Dev∏mZ\£aX Db¿Ønbpw
CXvv km[yam°mw.

Dev∏mZ\w IqSpXepw sNdpInS kwc`ßfn¬ \n∂pw

Dev ∏ mZ\w IqSpXepw sNdpInS kwc`ßfn¬ \n∂pamWv .
sFIycmjv{S kwLSbpsS Iognep≈ `£y Im¿jnI kwLS\ `£y
kpc£ Dd∏p hcpØm≥ 70% Øne[nIhpw sNdpInS I¿jIsc
t{]m’mln∏n°psa∂v \njv°¿jn°p∂p. km{ib kwL
ßfneqsSbp≈ ayKkwc£W {]h¿Ø\߃°v {]m[m\yw
\¬t°≠Xp≠v.
tZiob £oc hnIk\ t_m¿Uv Dev ∏ mZ\w h¿≤n∏n°p
∂Xn\mbn Dev ∏ mZI klIcW kwL߃ Bcw`n®p hcp∂p.
Dev]mZI klIcW kwL߃, Dev∏∂߃ e£yan´p≈ com-

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 14

modity interest group F∂nh t{]m’mln∏n°Ww.

sXmgn¬ kwc`IXzw
hyhkmbnImSnÿm\Ønep≈ ^manwKv t{]m’mln∏n°m≥
sXmgn¬ kwc`IXzw (Entrepreneurship) \v IqSpX¬ ]cnKW\
BhiyamWv . Ch kpÿnc Iyjnbv ° v {]m[m\yw e`n°p∂
coXnbnembncn°Ww. ]pXnb kwc`I¿°v ]cnioe\w
AXy¥mt]£nXamWv. Dev∏mZ\£aX Db¿Øm\p≈ kmt¶XnI
hnZyIƒ KthjW ÿm]\ßfn¬ \n∂pw I¿jIcnseØnbncn°Ww.
DZmlcWambn Idh ]ip°ƒ°v {]khØn\v Hcp amkw aptºm
{]khn®v 10˛masØ Znhkhpw hnc acp∂v \¬Ip∂Xv hgn
]mepev]mZ\Øn¬ {]XnZn\w Ht∂Im¬ en‰dns‚ h¿≤\hp≠mIpw.
IqensNehv h¿≤n®p hcp∂ C°meØv b{¥hXv I yX ^manwKv
coXnIƒ A\ph¿Øn°mw. Dev∏mZ\sNehv Ipd°m\pw Dev∏∂߃
KpWta∑tbmsS e`yam°m\pw CXv D]Icn°pw. F∂m¬ ]q¿Æambpw
b{¥hXv°cn® sslsS°v ^mapIƒ°v sNethsdbmWv.
AanXamb B‚n_tbm´n°pIfpsSbpw IoS\min\nIfpsSbpw
D]tbmKw Ipd®ps°m≠p≈ ssPh Iyjn tImgn hf¿Ø¬, t]mØn≥
Ip´n hf¿Ø¬, kwtbmPnX Iyjn taJeIfn¬ {]mh¿ØnIam°mw.
ssPhfw D]tbmKn®p≈ kotdm_P‰v Iyjn°v km[yXItfsdbp≠v.
Cd®n imkv{Xob coXnbn¬ Dev∏mZn∏n°m≥ imkv{Xob
AdhpimeIƒ, Adhp ]cntim[\Iƒ, Adhp {]{InbIƒ F∂nh
BhiyamWv. Cd®nbpsS D]t`mKw tIcfØn¬ h¿≤n®p hcp∂Xmbn
IW°pIƒ kqNn∏°p∂p. KpWta∑tbmsS ]m°v sNbvX Cd®n
D]t`m‡m°ƒ°v e`yam°m\p≈ \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂XneqsS
P¥pP\y tcmK߃ \nb{¥n°mw.

Ãm¿´∏v Iº\nIƒ
sFSn taJebn¬ Ãm¿´∏v Iº\nIƒ Bcw`n°p∂Xpt]mse
I∂pImen hf¿Øenepw Ãm¿´∏v kwc`߃°v {]k‡nbp≠v tImƒ
\neßfn¬ Iyjn, ayKkwcw£Ww, a’yIyjn F∂nh
ka\bn∏n®p≈ Ãm¿´∏v kwc`߃ XpSßmhp∂XmWv. tImgnbnd®n,
]m¬, ]mepev ∏ ∂߃, tImgnap´, ]®°dn XpSßnb \nch[n
Dev∏∂߃ hn]W\w \SØmw.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 15

]mcnÿnXnI {]iv\߃ ]cnlcn°m≥ imkv{Xnb am¿§ßƒ
]mcnÿnXnI {]iv\߃ ]cnlcn°m≥ sXmgpØv
\n¿ΩmWØnepw ]cn]me\Ønepw imkv{Xnb am¿§ßƒ
Ahew_nt°≠Xp≠v . ayKkwc£W ^manwKv coXnIƒ C∂v
IqSpXembn aen\oIcW `ojWn t\cnSp∂p. kpÿnc Iyjnbn¬
amen\y \n¿Ωm¿÷\Øn\v {]m[m\yw \¬IWw. ^manse
AhinjvS߃ ^e{]Zambn kwkv°cn®v hnetbdnb Dev∏∂߃
\n¿Ωn°mw. _tbmKymkv πm‚neqsS ]mNI hmXIw, sshZyqXn
F∂nh \n¿Ωn°mw. Cd®nt°mgn AhinjvSßfn¬ \n∂v •nkdn≥,
_tbmUok¬ F∂nh \n¿Ωn°mw. ssPhhfw kwkv°cn®v
DZym\Iyjnbv°pw, ]®°dnIyjnbv°pw th≠n hn]W\w \SØmw.
tKmaq{Xw, ]©Khyw F∂nh ssPhIyjnbv°pw,Bbp¿t∆Zacp∂p
\n¿ΩmWØn\pw D]tbmKn°mw. ^man¬ \n∂pw ]mgmbnt∏mIp∂
sh≈w kwkv°cn®v ho≠pw D]tbmKn°mw. Adhpimebn¬ \n∂p≈
Ahinjv S ßfn¬ \n∂v hnetbdnb F√ps∏mSnbpw, acp∂pIfpw
\n¿Ωn°mhp∂XmWv.
kmw{IanI tcmKßfmb IpfºptcmKw, IpceS∏≥ apXembh
\nb{¥n°m≥ tcmK\nb{¥Ww, ]cythjWw F∂nhbv°v ap¥nb
]cnKW\\¬IWw. Dev∏mZ\w h¿≤n∏n°m≥ km‰sse‰v ^manwKv
coXnIfpw XpSßmhp∂XmWv. hntI{µIyXmkq{XWØn¬
`qanimkv { X]]camb {]m[m\yw IW°nseSpØps°m≠p≈
ayKkcw£W coXnIƒ Bhojv°cn°p∂Xv `£y kpc£
\ne\n¿Øm≥ klmbn°pw.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 16

 arK-kw-c£
- WØn\v km[y-Xtbdp∂p

cmPyØv arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-Je Im¿jnI taJ-e-sb-°mƒ H∂c

Cc´n hf¿®m \nc°v tcJ-s∏-SpØn hcp-∂p. I∂pImen hf¿Ø¬
]cºcmKXambn cmPysØ Im¿jnI hrØnbpsS `mKamWv. C¥y≥
kºZv hyhÿbn¬ Cu taJ-e-bpsS kzm[o\w Nn√-d-b-√. 2010 se
tZiob kmºnƒ k¿s∆-b\p-k-cn®v 16.5 Zi-e£w P\-ß-fmWv cmPyØv
arK-kw-c-£W taJ-ebn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂-Xv. 90 Zi-e£w Id-h-am-Sp-
Isf hf¿Øn hcp- ∂ p. 73% tØmfw {KmaoW P\X I∂p- I m- e n-
hf¿Øente¿s∏´p hcp-∂p.
kv{XoI-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw Cu taJ-e-bn¬ 77% amWv. Im¿jnI
taJ- e - b n- e nXv 33% am{X- a m- W v . Irjn- b n¬ 3 Zi- e £w kv { XoIƒ
sXmgn¬ sNøp-tºmƒ arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bn-enXv 75 Zi-e-£-am-Wv.
arK-ß-fpsS kz`m-hw, Xo‰, Xo‰{Iaw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®pw Ch¿°v hy‡-
amb [mc-W-bp-≠v. cmPysØ samØw Im¿jnI hcp-am-\-Øns‚ 28.4%
kw`m-h\ sNøp-∂Xv arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bmWv. CXv samØw B`y-
¥c Dev]m-Z-\-Øns‚ 5.26%tØmfw hcpw.
Arid taJ-e-bn¬ Im¿jnI taJ-e-bpsS 11% hpw, Semi Arid taJ-
e-bn¬ 40% hpw arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e- kw`m-h\ sNøp-∂p. t]mj-I-
k-ºp-jvS-amb `£-Ww, XpI¬, tcmaw, F√v, c‡w, sImgp∏v, a‰p Dt]m-
ev]-∂-߃ F∂nh Cu taJ-e-bpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv.
2011˛12 se samØw ]mens‚ hne 2,62214 tImSn cq]tbmfw
hcpw. CXv s\√v, tKmX-ºv, Icnºv F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈ samØw hcp-
am-\-sØ-°mƒ IqSp-X-em-Wv. arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂p≈
samØw hcp-am\-Øn¬ 67% ]mepw, ]mep-ev]-∂-ßfpamWv. CXv samØw
Im¿jnI B`y-¥c Dev]m-Z-\-Øns‚ 18%tØmfw hcpw. temI-Øn¬
sht®-‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]mep-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ C¥ybnse hm¿jnI ]mep-

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 17

ev]m-Z\w 121.8 Zi-e£w SÆn-e-[n-I-am-Wv. ]mens‚ {]Xn-io¿j D]-
t`mKw 267 {Kmam-Wv. samØw Dev]m-Z-\-Øn¬ 17% P¥p-P\y Dev]∂ß-
fm-Wv. ap´-bpsS Dev]m-Z-\-Øn¬ C¥y°v temIØv 3˛mw ÿm\-am-Wp-
≈-Xv. 63 _n√y\mWv hm¿jn-I- ap-´-bp¬]m-Z\w. temI-Øn¬ sht®-
‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Fcp-a-I-fp-≈Xv C¥ybn-emWv (56.7%) ]ip-°fpsS FÆw
12.5% amWv. C¥y°v kz¥-ambn 34 I∂p-Imen P\p- p-Ifpw 12 Fcpa
P\p- p-I-fp-ap-≠v.
]mepw, ]mep-ev]-∂-ßfpw Ncn-{Xm-XoXImew apX¬s° C¥y≥
kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ `m-K-ambn amdn-°-gn-™p. ssXcv, tbmK¿´v, shÆ,
s\øv, ]\o¿, Nokv, tImh, ]mbkw F∂nh X\Xv ]mep-ev]-∂ßfmWv.
ssPh- I r- j n- b v ° p≈ apJy LS- I - ß - f n- s em- ∂ mWv NmW- I w. CXv
samØw arK-kw-c-£W taJ-ebpsS B`y-¥c Dev]mZ\-Øns‚ 9%
tØmfw hcpw. tKmaq-{X-Øn\v Bbp¿t∆-Z-Øn¬ hn]-W\ km[y-X-tb-
sd-bm-Wv. Dg-hp-ti-jn-bn-eqsS 440000 MW sshZyp-Xn°v Xpey-amb
Du¿÷w Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ Ignbpw.
F∂m¬ arK-kw-c-£W taJ-e-bnse ]≤-Xn-hn-lnXw Im¿jnI
taJ-esb At]-£n®v Ipd-hm-Wv. 12% Public expenditure on Agriculture
am{Xsa Cu taJ-ebv°v e`n-bv°p-∂p-≈q.
arK-Nn-In’m cwKØpw ]cn-an-Xn-I-tf-sd-bp-≠v. DØ-tc-¥y≥
kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ tkh\ e`y-X-bn¬ anI® A¥cw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.
samØw Irjn sNøm-hp∂ ÿe-Øns‚ 4.6% ÿeØv am{Xsa Xo‰-
∏p√v Irjn sNbvXp hcp-∂p-≈q. ssht°m¬, Jcm-lm-cw, ]®-∏p√v F∂n-
h-bpsS £maw bYm-{Iaw 10, 33, 35 iX-am-\-am-Wv. Xo‰-s®-ehv A\p-
Zn\w h¿≤n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. {]P-\-\-cw-KØpw ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp≠v.
C¥y-bnse X\Xv P\p- p-I-ƒ Ata-cn-°, Bkvt{S-en-b, \yqkn-em‚ v,
{_ko¬, _ƒtK-dnb F∂o cmPy-ß-fn¬ anI® P\p- p-I-fmbn amdn-
°-gn-™p. kln-hmƒ, Kn¿, Im≥I-sd-Pv, Xm¿]m¿°¿, lcn-bm\ F∂n-
h-Chbn¬s∏-Spw. Ir{Xn-a-_oP k¶-e-\w, _oPw kq£n-°¬, {]h¿Ø-
\-an-I-hns‚ A`mhw F∂n-hbpw Cu cwK-Øp-≠v.
]mep-ev]m-Z-\-s®-ehpw A\p-Zn\w h¿≤n®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. Cu
taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂p≈ em`hn-lnXw Ipd™p hcp-∂p. Imem-hÿm hyXn-
bm-\w, aÆns‚ -^e`q-bn-jvT-X-bn-ep≈ Ipd-hv, h¿≤n® P\-km-{µX
apX-embh Xo‰-∏p¬ Irjn-bv°p≈ ]cn-an-Xn-I-fn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬
D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ ]m¬hne Db¿Øp-tºmƒ FXn¿∏v {]I-Sn-∏n®p hcp-
∂p.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 18

 imkv{Xob hn]- W \ kwhn- [ m\w P¥p- P \y Dev]- ∂ -
߃°mhiy-am-Wv. Ib-‰p-a-Xn, Cd-°p-a-Xn, kwkv°-c-Ww, hn]-W-\w,
hmbv], hne, apX¬ apS°v, `uXoI kuI-cy-߃ F∂n-h-bn¬ anI®
X{¥-߃ Dcp-Øn-cn-s®-Sp-°-Ww.
P\-ß-fpsS hmßm-\p≈ tijn h¿≤n-°p∂Xpw Bh-iy-IX
Db-cp∂Xpw arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-ebv°v Icp-tØ-Ip-∂p. `£-Ww, t]mj-
Ww, Xo‰, Xo‰-∏p-√v, ^e`q-bn-jvT-X, PohnX \ne-hm-cw, ]mcn-ÿn-XnI
kpc£ F∂nhbneq-∂nbp≈ X{¥-߃ cq]o-I-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
I∂p-Im-en-h-f¿Ø¬ I¿j-I-cpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\pw, kpÿn-c-Xbv°pw
Du∂¬ \¬In-bmte `£y kpc£ Dd∏p hcp-Øm≥ km[n°q!
`£y-kp-c-£ -_n¬ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-b-tXmsS C¥y-bn¬ Gsd
km[y-X-I-fp≈ taJ-e-I-fn-sem-∂mWv- arK-kw-c-£-Ww. Irjn B≠n¬
120 sXmgn¬ Zn\-߃ am{Xw {]Zm\w sNøp-tºmƒ arK-kw-c-£W taJ-
e-bn¬ \n∂pw 365 sXmgn¬ Zn\-߃ e`n-°p∂p F∂Xv Cu taJ-e-
bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. Ipd™ ÿeØv Ffp-∏-Øn¬
em`w sImøm-\p-X-Ip∂ LS-I-ß-fmWv arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bn-ep-≈-
Xv.
]m¬, ap´, Cd®n, Ch-bpsS DXv]-∂-߃, XpI¬, XpI-ep-ev]-
∂-߃, F√p-s]m-Sn, Pem-‰n≥ XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS Dd-
hnSw arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-JeXs∂-bmWv. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ t{]m´o≥
\yq\-X-aq-e-ap≈ tcmK-߃ hnI-kzc, Ahn-I-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ IqSp-
X-embn I≠p hcp-∂p. kky-t{]m-´o-\ns\ At]-£n®v Chbv°v G‰hpw
\√ {]Xn-hn[n P¥-P-\y-t{]m-´o-\ns‚ D]-t`mKw h¿≤n-∏n-°pI F∂-
Xm-Wv. ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n F∂n-h-bpsS e`y-Xbpw Bh-iy-I-Xbpw XΩn-
ep≈ A¥cw BtKmf, tZiob, kwÿm\ Xe-ßfn¬ Gsd hep-
XmWv. Im¿jn-tIm-Xv]-∂-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Cu cwK-
Øp≈ DXv]-∂-°Ωn 200 iX-am-\-Øn-e-[n-I-am-Wv. CXv arK-kw-c-£W
taJ-e-bn-ep≈ A\¥km[y-X-Iƒ°v sXfn-hm-Wv.
sshhn-[y-am¿∂ \nc-h[n D]-hn-`m-K-ß-fp≈ arK-kw-c-£-WtaJ-
e-bn¬ 80 iX-am-\-Øn-e-[nIw h\nXm ]¶m-fn-Øap≠v.
temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ I∂p-Im-en-I-fp≈ C¥ybn¬
460 Zi-e£w I∂p-Im-en-Ifpw, 360 Zi-e£w tImgn-I-fp-ap-≠v. Cu
cwKsØ hm¿jnI hf¿®m \nc°v 4˛5% BWv. ap´-bp-Xv]m-Z\w, tImgn-
bn-d®n DXv]m-Z\w F∂n-h-bn¬ C¥y°v bYm-{Iaw aq∂pw A©pw ÿm-
\-am-Wp-≈-Xv. t]mØn-d®n Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ C¥y ap∂n´p \n¬°p-∂p.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 19

 C¥y-bnse hm¿jnI ]mep-ev]m-Z\w 104 Zi-e£w SÆn-e-[n-I-
am-Wv. samØw hcp-am-\-Øns‚ 42.5% `£-W-Øn-\p-th≠n sNe-h-gn-
°p-∂p. CXn¬ 24.5% ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n DXv]-∂-߃°v th≠n-bm-Wv.
(]m¬, ]mep-ev]-∂-߃ ˛ 18.2%, Cd-®n, ap´, a’yw ˛6.3%). ]´-W-ß-fn-
enXv 28% Øne-[n-I-am-Wv. [m\y-߃°p th≠n 23.4% am{Xta sNe-hn-
Sp-∂p≈q!
temI-Øn¬ Hmtcm an\p-´nepw 251 t]¿ P\n-°p-∂-Xmbpw 106
t]¿ acn-°p-∂-Xmbpw IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hmtcm h¿jhpw 76 Zi-e£w
Ip´n-I-fmWv P\n-°p-∂-Xv. 2020-˛-HmSp IqSn temI -P-\-kwJy 7.8-˛9.2
_n√y≥ BIm-\mWv km[y-X. Cu Ime-b-f-hnse h¿[n® t{]m´o≥
Bh-iy-I-Xbv°v B{i-bn-°m-hp-∂Xv ]m¬, ap´, Cd®n DXv]-∂-ß-sf-
bmWv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ Cu e£y-an-´p≈ DXv]m-Z\ X{¥-߃°v ap≥K-
W\ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Production, Population, Policies F∂n-h-b-S-ßnb 3P
Strategies CXn-\m-h-iy-amWv.
A¥m-cmjv{S hn]-Wn-bn¬ P¥p-P\y DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS hym]m-c-
Øn\v A\¥ km[y-X-I-fm-Wp-≈Xv. F∂m¬ temI hym]m-c-°-cm-dns‚
\n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-°m-\p≈ ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw hnI-knX cmPy-߃ A\p-
h¿Øn®phcp∂ k_vknUn \nb-{¥-Whpw Cu km[y-Xbv°v aß-
te¬∏n-°p-∂p. Cd-°p-aXn Xocph Db¿Øn Cu taJ-e-bnse km[y-X-
Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
P¥p-P\y DXv]-∂-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´-h-bmWv ]m¬, Cd-®n, ap´,
XpI¬, Iºnfn DXv]-∂-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h. BtKm-f-hym-]m-c-°-cm-dns‚
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ artKm-Xv]-∂-߃
A¥m-cmjv{S hn]-Wn-bn¬ btYjvSw hn]-W\w \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. DXv]m-
Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-hmb, k_vknUn sh´n-°p-d® hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fnse
DXv]-∂-ß-tf-°mƒ Ipd™ hnebv°v hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw
Ch A¥m-cmjv{S hn]-Wn-bn-se-Øp-∂p. hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ kwc-
£Ww F∂ t]cn¬ I¿j-I¿°v AZriy k_vknUn \¬Inhcp-∂-
Xn-\m¬ DXv]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Xptemw Ipd-hm-Wv. ]ip-h-f¿Ø-en\v 200%
hsc k_vknUn \¬In hcp∂ cmPy-ß-fp-≠v. AhnsS \n∂p≈ DXv]-
∂-ß-sf-Øp∂ hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ Cd-°p-aXn Xocph Xosc Ipd™
\nc-°n-ep-am-Wv.
£otcm-ev]-∂-߃ 5˛6% am{Xta A¥m-cmjv{S hn]-Wnbn¬
hym]mcw \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≈q. bqtdm-∏v, \yqkn-em≥Uv, Bkvt{S-en-b,
Ata-cn° F∂o cmPy-ß-fmWv 66% ]m¬-s∏mSn (Whole milk powder) 75%

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 20

shÆ,- Nokv F∂nh Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂-Xv. bqtdm-∏nepw, Ata-cn-°-
bnepw Nokns‚ Cd-°p-aXn bYm-{Iaw 2%˛hpw 5%˛hpw am{X-am-Wv.
A¥m-cmjv{S hn]-Wn-tb-°mfpw Db¿∂ Xmßp-hne \¬In-bmWv
bqtdm-∏v, Ata-cn-°, P∏m≥, Im\U apX-emb cmPy-ß-fn¬ £otcm-
ev]m-Z\, Cd®n kwkvI-cW taJe \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. bqtdm-∏v, Im\U
F∂o cmPy-ß-fn¬ shÆbv-°p-≈ Cd-°p-aXn Xocph bYm-{Iaw 100%˛-
hpw 500%˛hpamWv . F∂m¬ C¥y- b n- e nXv 40- ˛ 60%˛Øn¬ Xmsg-
am{XamWv !
Ign™ ]Xn-‰m≠p Ime-b-f-hn¬ Cd®n Dev]-∂-߃, ]mep-
ev]-∂-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS Ib-‰p-a-Xnbn¬ bYm-{Iaw 253%, 549% h¿≤-
\hv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. XpI¬, Iºnfn F∂n-h-bnenXv 77% hpw
33˛%hpam-Wv.
BtKmfhym]m-c-°-cm-dns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥
DXv]m-Z-\-£-aX h¿≤n-∏n-°m-\p≈ {ia-߃°v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww.
ssPh-km-t¶-Xn-I-hnZy IqSp-X¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Kth-
j-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v B°w Iq´p-Ibpw thWw.
temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hn¬°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]∂n-bn-d-®n-
bm-Wv. F∂m¬, C¥y-bn¬ tImgn-bn-d-®n-bm-Wv. BtKm-f-X-eØn¬ Xs∂
]∂n-bn-d-®nsb c≠mw ÿm\-tØ°v X≈n-s°m≠v tImgn-bn-d-®n-bpsS
D]-t`mKw h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂p. C¥y-bn¬ \n∂p≈ t]mØn-d®n Ib-‰p-a-
Xn°v Db¿∂ km[y-X-I-fp-≠v. sImgp∏v Ipdhpw {`m¥n-∏-ip-tcm-K-an-√m-
bvabpw t]mØn-d-®n-bpsS Ib-‰p-aXn km[yX h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p.
B´n-d-®n°v C∂v \√ hn]-W-\-km-[y-X-bp-≠v. Ab¬ kwÿm-
\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hc-hn-√m-ØXpw h¿[n® Bh-iy-I-Xbpw `mhn-bn¬ tIc-
f-Øn¬ Cu taJ-e-bv°p≈ A\¥ km[y-X-Iƒ Db¿Øn-°m-´p-∂p.
IqSmsX B´n-d-®n°pw (Chevon) sNΩ-cn-bm-Sn-d-®nbv°pw (mutton) A¥m-
cmjv{S hn]-Wn-bn-te°v h≥ Ib-‰p-aXn km[y-X-I-fn-∂p-≠v.
`£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw (Food safety) A¥m-cmjv{S Xe-Øn¬ Xs∂
Gsd N¿® sNbvXp hcp-∂p. P¥p-P\y D¬]-∂-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬
DXv]m-Z\w apX¬ D]-t`mKw hsc KpW-ta∑ Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xns‚ Bh-
iy-IXbnte-°mWv A¥m-cmjv{S hn]Wn hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂Xv!. IoS-\m-
in-\n-Iƒ, B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS tXmXv \nb-{¥nX ]cn-
[n-bnepw Ipd-bv°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Imen-Øo-‰-bn¬ P¥p-P\y t{]m´o≥
tN¿°mØ, arK-kw-c-£W coXn-bm-Wm-hiyw. `£y-kp-c-£m-am¿K-߃
N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ sNdp-In-S, \ma-am{X I¿j-I¿°v DXv]m-Z\w

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 21

apX¬ hn]-W-\w-hsc Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp∂ ]cn-]m-e\ X{¥-߃ Bh-
iy-am-Wv.
P¥p- P \y DXv ] - ∂ - ß - f psS kpc- £ n- X Xzw hne- b n- c p- Ø m≥
A¥m-cmjv{S Xe-Øn-ep≈ aq∂v GP≥kn-I-fmWv WTO, Codex, OIE
F∂nh. DXv]m-Z\w apX¬ hn]-W\w hsc-bp≈ B[p-\nIhXvI-cWw
`£y-kp-c-£nX-Xzhpw KpW-ta-∑bpw Dd-∏m-°pw. CXn-\mbn GMP (Good
Manufacturing Practices), HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points),
SOP, GRP (Good Retail Practices) F∂nh A\p-h¿Øn-°-Ww. DXv]m-Z-\-s®-
ehv Ipd-bv°m-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ°v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww.
KpW-ta∑ hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Residue Monotoring, self Monitoring System,
Customer Satisfaction Needs F∂nh Bh-iy-am-Wv.
hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ DXv]-∂-߃°v IqSnb Cd-°p-
aXn Xocph Npa-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ib-‰p-a-Xnbv°v Db¿∂ k_vkn-
Unbpw C¥y \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. SPS (Sanitory and physto Sanitary) \n_-‘-
\-Iƒ ]men-°p∂-tXm-sSm∏w Db¿∂ KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥
km[n-°pw. 2020-˛-Hm-Sp-IqSn C¥y°v temI `£y-irwJ-e-bn¬ Gsd
apt∂-dm≥ CXv klm-b-I-am-Ipw. Food safty and standards Act 2006 \nehn¬
h∂-tXmsS `£y-kw-kvI-c-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ Gsd km[y-X-I-fmWv ssIh-
∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 22

 hyh-km-bh
- X
- vIc
- W
- hp Ib-‰p-aXnbpw

hyh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ arK-kw-c-£W coXn-Iƒ°v

cmPy-Øp-S-\ofw {]m[m-\y-ta-dn-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. Cu am‰w tIc-f-Ønepw
Zriy-ambn XpS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. CXv a\- n-em-°n-s°m≠v arK-kw-cw-£-W
hIp∏v kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂ \nt£-]I kwK-a-߃, ^manßv coXn-Iƒ,
]cn-N-cW am¿§-߃, em`\-jvS-°-W-°p-Iƒ, DXv]-∂-ssh-hn-[y-h-XvI-
c-Ww, Ib-‰p-a-Xn, ssPh-Irjn, ^mw Sqdn-kw, aen-\o-I-cW \nb-{¥Ww,
b{¥-h-XvI-c-Ww, kmº-ØnI klmbw, k_vkn-Un-Iƒ XpS-ßnb hnj-
b-ß-fn¬ Du∂¬ \¬In hcp-∂p.
hmWnPym-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ^mw XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\p ap≥]v sh≈w,
sshZyp-Xn, KXm-K-X ku-Icyw
F∂n- h bv°v ap≥K- W \
\¬IWw. Xo‰-∏p√v Irjn-sN-
øm- h p∂ ÿe- ß - f n¬ ^mw
IqSp-X¬ em`I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.
Ipd™ sNe- h n¬
sXmgpØv, IqSv F∂nh \n¿Ωn-
°- W w. ^mans‚ `uXnI
kuI- c y- ß ƒ Hcp- ° p- ∂ - X n-
\mbn h≥XpI hn\n-tbm-Kn-°-
cp-Xv. P¥p-P\y DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS DXv]m-Z\w apX¬ hn]-W\w hsc `£y-
kp-c-£m-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ A\p-h¿Øn-°-Ww. Good Retail Practices (GRP) AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. DXv]∂ sshhn-[y-h¬°-cWw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°-Ww.
Ib- ‰ p- a Xn e£y- a n´v {]h¿Øn- ° p∂ ^map- I ƒ `£y
kpc£nXXz (Food safety) \n_- ‘ - \ - I ƒ I¿i- \ - a mbn ]men- ° Ww.
amen\y \n¿am¿÷-\-Øn\v ÿmbn-bmb kwhn-[m\w G¿s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 23

^map-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ Bcw-`n-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]iv\-
Øn\v ap¥nb ]cn-K-W\ \¬I-Ww.
ssPthm-ev]-∂-ß-tfm-Sp≈ D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS XmXv]cyw ssPh-
Ir-jn -ta-Je (Organic farming) bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ssPh-
Ir-jnbv°p th≠ apJy LS-Ißfn-sem∂v I∂p-Im-en-h-f¿Ø-emWv.
]cn-ÿn-Xn-°n-W-ßnb hnt\mZ k©mc hnI-k-\-Øn¬ Ct°m-
Sq-dn-k-Øns‚ `mK-am-bp≈ ^mw Sqdn-k-Øn\pw Gsd km[y-X-I-fp-≠v.
tIc-f-Ønse Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ, ^mw {^jv DXv]-∂-߃, cpNn-°p∂ `£y-
hn-`-h-߃ F∂nh ka-\z-bn-∏n®v ^mw Sqdnkw hnI-kn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.
]∂n-^m-ap-I-fnse amen\y {]iv\-߃ C∂v Gsd N¿® sNø-
s∏´p hcp-∂p. CXn-\mbn aen-\o-I-cW \nb-{¥W t_m¿Uns‚ \n_-
‘-\-Ifpw ]men-°-Ww. ^mw XpS-ßm-\m-h-iy-amb aqe-[-\-Øns‚ 5˛8
iX-am-\-tØmfw amen\y \n¿am¿÷-\-Øn\v \o°n hbvt°≠n hcpw.
DXv]-\vß-fpsS KpW-ta∑ hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Pn.-F¬.]n. GLP (Good
Laboratory Practices) D≈ et_m-d-´-dn-Iƒ Bcw`n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. sk≥{S¬
C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v ^nj-dokv sSIvt\m-fPn (CIFT) bpsS kl-I-c-W-
tØmsS arK- k w- c - £ - W - h - I p∏ns‚ ssehv t Ãm°v s{]mUIv S v k v
C≥kvs]-£≥ em_v sIm®n-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p.
Cd®n kwkvI-cW˛hn-]-W\ taJ-e-I-fn¬ tIc-f-Øn\v A\¥
km[y-X-I-fm-Wn-∂p-≈Xv. DXv]∂ sshhn-[y-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-eqsS Dt]m-
Xv]-∂-߃ ]mgm-ImsX kwkvI-cn-°mw.
GXp ^manßv coXnbv°pw Akw-kvIrX hkvXp-°-fpsS e`y-
X-bmWv {][m-\w. tIcfØnse Imem-h-ÿ-bv°n-W-ßnb I∂p-Imen
P\p- p-Iƒ°v ap≥K-W\ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Xmc-X-tay\ A¥-co-£-Xm-
]-\ne Ipd™ ae-tbm-c-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ ip≤-P-\p- p-Isf hf¿Øm-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ a‰p taJ-e-I-fn¬ k¶-c-bn\w tPgvkn, tlmƒkv‰o≥
{^ojy≥ C\-߃°v {]m[m\yw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.
BSp-h-f¿Ø-en¬ ae-_m-dn, A´-∏mSn ªm°v, k¶-c-bn\w F∂n-
hsb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Xcn-imbn°nS-°p∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬
Xo‰-∏p√v Irjn sNbvXv hcp-am\w t\Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
km£-c-X-bn¬ ap∂n´p \n¬°p∂ tIc-f-Øn\v `£y-kp-c-
£bn¬ Gsd apt∂-dm\p≠v. Bh-iy-amb Imen-Øo-‰-bpsS 55 iX-am-
\-tØmfw kao-IrX Xo‰ am{Xta tIc-f-Øn¬ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-
≈q. _m°n Ab¬ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv tIc-f-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xv.
Imen-Øo-‰-bpsS KpW-ta∑ DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øm≥
klm-bn-°pw.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 24
 Btcm-Ky-Øn\p lm\n-I-c-amb amwk-Øn\p _Zembn apb-en-d-
®n°v {]m[m-\y-ta-dn-h-cp-∂p. Ipd™ sImf-Ãvsdm-fns‚ Afhpw IqSnb
{]P-\-\-\n-c°pw IqSp-X¬ em`w e`n-°m≥ hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂p.
BtKm-fo-I-c-W-Øns‚ ]›m-Øe-Øn¬ Cd-®n, ]m¬, ap´
F∂nh KpW-ta-∑-tbmsS Ipd™ sNe-hn¬ \n¿Ωn®v hn]-Wn-bn-se-
Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
^map-I-fn¬ b{¥-h-Xv°-cWw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂Xv DXv]∂
ipNnXzw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w DXv]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°m\pw
klm-bn-°pw. kwtbm-PnX Irjn, kΩn{i Irjn F∂n-h-bpsS km[y-
X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ≠-Xp-≠v.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 25

 hntZ-i- ^manßv co-Xn-Iƒ

hnIknXcm-Py-ßfn¬ I∂p-Imen hf¿Ø-en¬ ]men\pw Cd-

®n°pw th≠n sht∆sd C\-߃ Xs∂-bp-≠v. ]mep-Xv]m-Z\w e£y-
an´v hntZ-i-P-\p- p-I-fmb tPgvkn, tlmƒÃo≥ {^ojy≥, sKc≥kn
apX-em-b-hsb hf¿Øn hcp-∂p.
hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fnse arK-]-cn-]m-e\ coXn-Iƒ XnI®pw hyXy-
kvX-am-Wv. ta®n¬ ]pd-߃ btY-jvS-ap≈ ChnsS h≥In-S-^m-ap-I-fn-
em-bmWv ]ip, BSv, sNΩ-cn-bm-Sv, ]∂n, tImgn, S¿°n F∂n-hsb
hf¿Øp-∂-Xv.
Hcp ^man¬ Ipd-™Xv 500 ]ip-°-sf-¶n-ep-ap-≠m-Ipw. hnf-sh-
Sp-∏n\p tij-ap≈ tNmfw, tNmf-s∏mSn, Im¿jnI Dt]m-Xv]-∂-߃,
tKmXºv XpS-ßnb Xo‰ hkvXp-°ƒ°pw tNcp-h-Iƒ°pw ChnsS £ma-
an-√. Hmtcm ÿe-sØbpw Xo‰ hkvXp-°-fpsS e`y-X-b-\p-kcn®mWv
Imen-h-f¿Ø¬ coXn-Iƒ. t{]m´o≥ Im-en-Øo‰ e`n-°p∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬
Cd-®n-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ C\-߃, `£y-kw-kvI-cW bqWn-‰n\v kao]w
]∂n hf¿Ø¬ F∂nh A\p-h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. ]mep-ev]m-Z-\-Øn\pw,
Cd-®n-bp-ev]m-Z-\-Øn\pw {]tXyIw taJ-e-I-fp-≠v. I∂p-Im-en-^m-ap-Iƒ
\Kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂v amdn {]m¥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn-em-Wv. \K-c-ß-fn¬
Hma-\-ar-KßfmWv IqSp-X¬.
^map-Iƒ b{¥-h-XvIr-Xhpw Iw]yq-´¿hXvIr-XhpamWv. IpSpw-
_mw-K-߃ Xs∂-bmWv ^mw \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Imen-t^m¿Wn-b-bnepw
s]≥kn¬hm-\n-b-bnepw Family Labour System {]mh¿Øn-I-am°n hcp-∂p.
hn]Wn e£y-an-´p≈ DXv]m-Z\ {]{In-b-bmWv \SØn hcp-∂-
Xv. h≥InS `£y-irw-J-e-Ifpw (Food chain) kq∏¿am¿°-‰p-I-fp-ap≈ {Kq∏p-
I-fmWv ]mepw ]mep-Xv]-∂ßfpw I¿j-I-cn¬ \n∂pw kw`-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Market Integration ChnsS ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]men-°-s∏-´p-h-cp∂p.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 26

 DXv]∂ ipNn-Xzw, KpW-ta-∑-X-{¥w, Xo‰-{I-a-˛-]-cn-N-cW coXn-
Iƒ, HACCP F∂n-hbv°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Inhcp-∂p. hn]p-e-amb arK-Nn-
In’m kwhn-[m-\hpap-≠v.
^map-I-fnse ssZ\w-Zn\ Imcy-߃, AXym-hiy NnIn-’, Ir{Xn-
a-_o-Pm-[m-\w, IpØn-sh-∏p-Iƒ F∂nh I¿j-I¿ Xs∂-bmWv \S-Øp-
∂- X v . I¿j- I ¿°p th≠n 3˛6 amk- ß - t fmfw \o≠p \n¬°p∂
Hm¨sse≥ ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n®p hcp-∂p.

£otcm-Xv]m-Z\w˛B-tKmf \n_-‘-\-Iƒ
C¥y≥ £otcm-Xv]m-ZI taJ-e-bn¬ 96000-˛-tØmfw ]m¬ kl-
I-cW kwL-ß-fp-≠v. 10 Zi-e-£-tØmfw £ocI¿j-I-cn¬ \n∂pw
kw -cn-°p∂ ]m¬ hn¬∏\ \S-Øm-\mbn 15 kwÿm\ ]m¬ hn]-W\
s^U-td-j-\p-I-fn-embn 170-˛-Hmfw kl-I-cW £ntcm-Xv]m-Z\ bqWn-b-
\p-Iƒ {]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. {KmaoW taJ-e-bn¬ C¥y-bnse £ochyh-
kmb taJe hnP-b-I-c-ambn {]h¿Øn°p∂-Xn\v tZiob £oc-hn-I-k-
\-t_m¿Uns‚ (NDDB) {]h¿Ø-\-߃ klm-b-I-amW.v tIc-f-Øn¬
B\µv amXr-I-bnepw, ]c-º-cm-KX taJ-e-bn-ep-ap≈ £oc kl-I-cW
kwL-߃ {]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. kwL-SnXtaJ-e-bn-ep≈ ]m¬ hn]-
W-\-amWv Ch e£y-an-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kwÿm\ Xe-Øn¬ an¬abpw
(Kerala State Milk Co-operative Federataion)
taJ-em-X-e-Øn¬ ae-_m¿, Fd-Wm-
Ipfw, Xncp- h - \ - ¥ - ] pcw taJem
£otcm- e v ] m- Z \ bqWn- b - \ p- I fpw
{]h¿Øn®p hcp∂p. ]m¬, kw`-cWw,
kwkvI-cWw F∂n-h-bn¬ KpW-\n-e-
hmcw, DXv ] m- Z - \ - £ - a X D]- t `m‡r
t_m[- h ¬°- c Ww F∂nh Gsd
{]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.
]mep-ev]m-Z-\-Øn¬ KpW-ta-∑-tbm-sS-bp≈ DXv]m-Z-\-{]-{Iob
DXv]-∂ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øm\pw `£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw \ne-
\n¿Øm\pw klm-bn-°pw.
A¥m-cmjv{S \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ ]men-s‚bpw ]mep-ev]-∂-ß-fp-
sSbpw hn]-W-\-Øn¬ KpW-ta∑ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ Codex Alimentarius
Commission (codex) s‚ {]h¿Ø\w Gsd {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p. A¥m-
cmjv{S Xe-Øn¬ `t£ym-Xv]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw hne-bn-cp-Øp∂
kzX{¥ GP≥kn-bm-Wn-Xv. ]m¬, ]mep-Xv]-∂-߃ F∂n-hbv°v th≠n
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 27
Codex Committee for Milk and Milk Products (CCMMP) {]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p.
A¥m-cmjv{S Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ Codex \n_-‘-\-Iƒ I¿i-\-ambpw ]men-
t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
`£y-kp-c-£n-XXz taJ-e-bn¬ ]men-s‚bpw ]mep-ev]-∂-ß-fp-
tSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂
\n_-‘-\-I-ƒ Bhiy-am-Wv.
1. AWp-Po-hn-kwJy Ipd-™n-cn-°Ww
2. tcmKmWp°ƒ C√m-Xn-cn-°Ww
3. sh‰-dn-\dn acp-∂p-I-fpsS Ah-in-jvS-߃ Hgn-hm-°Ww
4. AWp- P o- h n- I fn¬ \n∂p≈ hnjmw- i - Ø ns‚ tXmXv
\njvI¿jn-°p∂ ]cn-[n-bnepw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 28

 BtKmf km[y-XI
- ƒ

C¥y-bn¬ Irjn-bpsS A\p-_-‘-L-S-I-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ arK-

kw-c-£-W-ta-Je Ign™ aq∂p ]Xn-‰m≠p Ime-b-f-hn¬ h≥ hf¿®m
\nc°p ssIh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. tImgn-hf¿Øenepw I∂p-Imen hf¿Ø-en-
ep-amWv Cu am‰w Gsd {]I-Sw. 2020 ˛Hm-Sp-IqSn Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-Z\
cwKØv 60% hpw ]mep-ev]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-bn¬ 50% hpw hf¿® ssIh-cn-°m-
\mWv e£y-an-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. {Kmao-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ 70% t]cpw A[n-I-h-cp-
am-\-Øn-\mbn arK-kw-c-£W taJ-esb B{i-bn-°p-∂p. Ch-cn¬ kv{Xo
]¶m-fnØw 90% am\-Øn¬ A[n-I-am-Wv. F∂m¬ tZiob Xe-Øn¬
arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cpsS FÆw
4.88%˛¬ \n∂v 2.9%˛ambn Ipd-bp-∂p-sh-∂mWv ÿnXn-hn-h-c-°-W-°p-Iƒ
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fn-te-Xp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ \ΩpsS
arK-kw-c-£-W-coXn hfsc hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬
h≥In-S-^m-ap-I-fn-emWv I∂p-Im-en-Isf hf¿Øp-∂-Xv. C¥y-bn-¬ `qcn-
`m-Khpw sNdp-In-S, \ma-am{X I¿j-I-cmWv Cu cwKØp {]h¿Øn-°p-
∂-Xv.
Imem-\p-kr-X-amb hf¿®-sb-t∂mWw C∂v arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-
J-e-bn¬ hymh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ am‰w (Commercial outlook)
I≠pXpS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ßsf At]-£n®v ]mep-ev]m-Z-\-
s®-ehv Ipd™ cmPy-amWv C¥y. F∂m¬ BtKm-f-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-s‚
{]Xn-^-e-\-sa-t∂mWw C¥y-bn¬ k_vknUn \n¿Ø-em-°n-bXpw, hnI-
kn-X-cm-Py-߃ Protection F∂ -t]-cn¬ k_vknUn \¬Ip∂Xpw hnI-
kn-X-cm-Py-ßsf At]-£n®v DXv]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Iq´m≥ CS-h-cp-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v. X∑qew A¥m-cm-jv{S hn]-Wnbn¬ hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈
DXv]-∂-߃°v {]mapJyw e`n-°p-∂n-√. DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-ta∑
A¥m-cm-jv{S hn]-Wn-bn¬ I¿i-\-ambn ]men-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 29

 Cd-°p-aXn Np¶w Npa-Øn-b-Xn-eqsS, Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂p≈
tImgn-°m-ep-I-fpsS hchp XS-bm≥ Ign-s™-¶nepw {ioe¶ hgn CXv
Nn°≥ tkmtk-Pmbn C¥y-bn-se-Øp-∂p F∂-XmWv A¤p-X-I-c-amb
hkvXp-X.
hntZ-i-hn-]-Wn-bn¬ Gsd km[y-X-I-fp≈ ]mep-Xv]-∂-amWv
Nokv, \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ Nokns‚ DXv]m-Z\-Øn¬ \mw
]ndIn-em-Wv.
ta®n¬∏p-d-߃, Irjn-bn-S-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS hnkvXr-Xn-bn-ep≈
Ipdhv Xo‰-∏p¬ Zu¿e`yw, Xo‰-hne F∂nh Cu taJ-e-bnse ]cn-an-Xn-
I-fn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. Ign™ 20 h¿j-°m-e-b-f-hn¬ ]mens‚ hne-bn¬
50%˛hpw ImenØo‰ hne-bn¬ 45%˛hpw h¿≤-\bp-≠m-bn.
18˛m-aXv I∂p-Imen sk≥k- n¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ F√m arK-ß-
fpsS FÆ-Ønepw ap≥Im-e-ßsf At]-£n®v Ipdhv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-
´p-≠v. F∂m¬ tZiob
Xe-Øn¬ 1992 apX¬
I∂p-Im-en-I-fpsS
FÆ- Ø n¬ am{Xta
Ipdhv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn- ´ p≈q! DXv]m-
Z\£aX Ipd™
\mS≥ ]ip-°ƒ k¶-
c- b n- \ - a mbn amdn- b Xv
I∂p-Im-en-I-fpsS
FÆw Ipd- b v°m-
\p≈ Imc-W-ß-fn¬
H∂mbn Icp-Xmw.
BSp-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn¬ h¿≤-\hv tcJs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v. Xo‰-
∏p¬ Zu¿e`yw, \K-c-h-Xv°-cWw, B´n-d-®n-bpsS D]-tbmKw F∂nh
CXn\v hgn-sbm-cp-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
temI-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]mep-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ cmPy-amb
C¥y-bn¬ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]men¬ 54% hpw Imen-k-º-Øns‚
aq∂n-sem-t∂mfw hcp∂ Fcp-a-I-fn¬ \n∂m-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ \S-∏nem-
°p∂ tKmc£m ]≤Xn Ipf-ºp-tcmKw \nb-{¥n-°p-hm\pw ]mep-ev]m-
Z\w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm\pw klm-bn-®p-h-cp-∂p. Fcp-a-I-fpsS FÆ-Ønepw
kwÿm-\Øv Ipdhv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. BtKmf hn]-Wn-bn¬

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 30

t]mØn-d-®n°v {]nb-ta-dp-tºmƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ Fcp-a-I-fpsS FÆw 60000
¬ Xmsg am{XamWv.
hymh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ap´-t°m-gn- h-f¿Ø¬ tIc-f-
Øn¬ em`-I-c-a-√. F∂m¬ Ipd™ apX¬ap-S-°p≈ ho´p-ap-‰sØ
tImgn-h-f¿Ø¬, Xmdm-hp-h-f¿Ø¬ F∂n-hbv°v km[y-X-I-fp-≠v.
Cd-®n-t°mgn hn]Wn C∂v Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏ns‚ ]mX-bn-em-
Wv. A`y-¥c tImgn-bp-Xv]m-Z\w, hn]-W-\w, F∂o taJ-e-Iƒ IqSp-
X¬ kPo-h-am-Im≥ CXp-]-I-cn-°pw.
tIc-f-Øn¬ ]∂n-I-fpsS FÆ-Ønepw ]Ip-Xn-bn-e-[nIw Ipdhv
tcJ-s∏-SpØnbn´p≠v. aen-\o-I-cW {]iv\-ß-fm-Wn-Xn\v apJy-Im-c-Ww.
]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn®v k¿°m¿ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ A\p-
h¿Øn®v ]∂n-^m-ap-Iƒ em`-I-c-ambn \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ shPn-t‰-dn-b-\nkw Gsd hn]p-e-s∏´p hcp-
∂p. F∂m¬ t{]m´o≥ \yq\X {]iv\-amb C¥y-sb-t∏msebp≈ hnI-
kzc cmPy-߃°v Ipd™ sNe-hn¬ e`n-°p∂ P¥p-P\y t{]m´o-
\mWv GI B{i-bw.
ssPh-Ir-jn-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-tXm-
sSm∏w Ipd™ ÿeØv IqSp-X¬ DXv]m-Z\w km[y-am-°m-\mbn Irjn,
-ar-K-kw-c-£Ww, a’yw hf¿Ø¬ F∂nh ka-\z-bn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈
kwtbm-PnX Irjn-co-Xn-Ifpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
]∂n-^m-ap-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v a’yw hf¿Ømw. CXv aen-\o-
I-cW {]iv\-߃ Hc-f-hp-hsc \nb-{¥n-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.
Ipd™ ÿeØv IqSp-X¬ Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ°pX-Ip∂ kΩn-
{i-Ir-jn°pw km[y-X-I-fn-∂p-≠v. ]ip, BSv, apb¬, tImgn-h-f¿Ø¬
F∂nh Bcw-`n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
{]Ir-Xn-°n-W-ßn-bXpw ]mcn-ÿn-XnI {]iv\ ߃ krjvSn-°m-
Ø-Xp-amb kpÿnc Irjnbv°v (Sustainable farming) A¥m-cmjv{SXe-
Øn¬ {]m[m\yw e`n®p hcp-∂p.
arK-kw-c-£-W- ta-J-e-bn¬ Db¿∂ DXv]m-Z\£aX ssIh-cn-
°m≥ sa®-s∏´ P\p- p-Isf hf¿Øp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w imkv{Xob Xo‰-
{Iaw, ]cn-Nm-c-W-ap-dIƒ, tcmK-\n-b-{¥-W- am¿K߃ F∂nh A\p-
h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw thWw.
Xo‰ \n¿Ωm-W -cw-KØv \nc-h[n \ho\ kmt¶-XnIhnZy-Iƒ
C∂v A\p-h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p. ss_∏m-kv t{]m-´o≥ Xo‰, ss_∏m-kv
sImgp∏v Xo‰, bqdn-b-˛-sam-fm-k v tªm°v, Total Milk Ration (TMR), bqdnb

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 31

kw]p- j v S o- I - c - W w, ssht°m¬ s]√- ‰ p- I ƒ, tl \¿ΩmWw, Xo‰-
∏p¬Irjn F∂nh Ch-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.
hn⁄m\ hym]\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Du¿÷n-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv
imkv{Xob Xo‰-{Ia ]cn-N-c-W-ap-d-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ I¿j-Isc klm-
bn-°pw. ]©m-bØptXmdp-ap≈ arKm-ip-]-{Xn-Iƒ tIc-f-Øns‚ am{Xw
{]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. \qX\ Kth-j-W ^-e߃, _tbm-sS-Ivt\m-fPn apX-
em-bh arKNnIn’mcwKØv {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn hcp-∂p. kmw{I-anI
tcmK- ß - f psS Imcy- Ø n¬ {]Xn- t cm- [ - I p- Ø n- s hbv ] v ap≥K- W \
\¬IWw. Good manufacturing Practices (GMP) ]men-°p∂ hmIvkn≥ DXv]m-
Z\ tI{µ-߃, R&D bqWn-‰p-Iƒ F∂nh AXym-h-iy-amWv arK-kw-c-
£W hIp-∏ns‚ Iogn¬ Xncn-h-\¥-]pcw Pn√-bnse ]mtemSv {]h¿Øn-
°p∂ Institute of Animal
Health and Veterinary
Biologicals Ch- b n¬
{][m- \ - s ∏- ´ - h - b m- W v .
et_m-d-´-dn-I-fn¬ Good
laboratory Practices (GLP)
Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂Xv
tcmK- \ n¿Æ- b - Ø nepw
NnIn-’-bnepw ]pØ≥ DW¿th-Ipw.
tIc-f-ØnepXv]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]men¬ 18% ¬ Xmsg am{Xta kwL-
SnX taJ-e-bn-eqsS hn]-W\w \S-Øp-∂p-≈q. _m°n-bp≈ ]mepw
ap´bpw Cd-®nbpw I¿j-I¿ t\cn´v hn¬]\- -\-S-Øp-∂Xv AkwL-SnX
taJ-e-bn-eqsSbmWv. KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ CXv]-∂-߃ D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v
Xmßm-hp∂ hne°v imkv{Xob hn]-W\ X{¥-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn®v e`y-
am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
Hma-\-ar-K-ß-fp-sSbpw ]£n-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn¬ h≥
am‰w tIc-f-Øn¬ I≠p XpS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. \mbsb ho´p-Im-h-en-se-∂-Xn-
\p-]cn k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cn-sb∂ \ne-bn-emWv ]ecpw Icp-Xp∂-Xv.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 32

 Dev]m-Z\
- s
- ®-ehv Ipd-bv°m-≥

Gjy≥ cm-Py-ß-ƒ £ochyh-kmb taJ-e-bn¬ Ign™ Im¬

\q‰m≠p Ime-b-f-hn¬ h≥ hf¿®m \nc°v ssIh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. 2020
HmSpIqSn temI-Øm-h-iy-amb £otcm-ev]-∂-ß-fn¬ 60% Gjy≥ cmPy-
ß-fn¬ \n∂pw CXn¬ Xs∂ 30% hpw C¥y-, ssN\ F∂o cmPy-ß-
fn¬ \n∂p-am-bn-cn°psa∂mWv IW-°p-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
£oc-ta-J-e-bn¬ cmPyØv hymh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈
apt∂‰w IqSp- X - e mbn I≠p hcp- ∂ p. F∂m¬ 2˛3 ]ip- ° - s f
hf¿Øp∂ sNdp-InS \ma-am{X bqWn-‰p-Iƒ 90% Ønte-sd-bm-Wv.
h¿≤n® DXv]m-Z-\-s®-eh,v Ipd-bp∂ Dev]m-Z\ £a-X F∂nh
£otcm-ev]m-Z\taJ-e-bnse {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. cmPyØv
Ign™ c≠p h¿j°meb-f-hn¬ Imen-Øo-‰-bpsS hne-bn¬ 60% h¿≤-
\-hp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.
]mep- e v ] m- Z - \ - s ®- e hv Ipd- b v ° p- ∂ - X n- \ pw, Xo‰- ∏ p¬Irjn
t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\p-apX-Ip∂ \n¿t±-i-߃ £oc-I¿j-I¿°v Gsd
Bizm-k-I-c-ambncn°pw. sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn £otcm-ev]m-ZI taJ-e-
I-fn¬ IqSp-X-embn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw Gsd {]tbm-P-\-s∏Spw. £oc-
hy-h-kmb taJ-ebv°v `£y-kw-kvI-cW taJ-ebv°v e`n-°p∂ B\p-
Iq-ey-߃ A\p-h-Zn-®m¬ IqSp-X¬ sXmgn¬ kwcw`-I¿ Cu taJe
sXc-s™-Sp-°pw. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ £o-c-hy-h-km-b-Øn\v Im¿jn-I-ta-
J-e-bvt°m, hyh-kmb taJ-ebvt°m A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ ]cn-K-W\/Cf-
hp-Iƒ e`n-°p-∂n-√. hmbv]-°p≈ ]eni \nc°v IqSp-Xem-Wv. tkh\
\nIpXn Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xpw, VAT \nIpXn ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw IqSp-X¬
BZmbw Dd∏p hcp-Øpw.
`£y-kp-c-£n-X-Xz-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ {]m[m\yw \¬In hcp-
tºmƒ KpW-ta∑ Dd∏p hcp-Øp∂ sajn-\p-Iƒ, ]mt°-PnwKv D]-I-c-

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 33

W-߃ F∂n-hsb IÃw-kv, FIvsskkv Xocp-h-bn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-
°p∂ \n¿t±-i-߃ Gsd {]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. sImf-kvt{Sm-fns‚
Afhv Ipd™ £otcm-ev]-∂-߃, ]pfn-∏n® £otcm-ev]-∂-߃ F∂n-
h-bpsS D]-t`mKw h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥ \nIpXn \nc°v Ipd-bvt°-≠-Xp-≠v.
I∂p-Im-en-h-f¿Ø-ens‚ sNe-hn¬ 75%hpw Imen-Øo-‰bv°v
th≠n hcp∂Xn\m¬ Imen-Øo-‰-bnse tNcp-h-I-fpsS hne-Ip-d-bv°m≥
Cd-°p-aXn Xocph Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xv \√-Xm-Wv. arKNnIn-’m- acp-∂p-I-
fpsS hne Ipd-bv°p-∂Xv NnIn-’m-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.
BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ Imen-Øo-‰bv°v ]Icw IqSp-X¬ Xo‰∏p√v
\¬In ]ip-h-f¿Ø¬ BZm-b-I-c-am-°m-\p≈ {]h-W-X-Iƒ \S∂p hcp-
∂p. Kth-jW ^e-߃ I¿j-I-cn-se-Øn-°m≥ Im¿jnI hn⁄m\
hym]\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃, Ib-‰p-aXn e£y-an-´p-sIm-≠p≈ DXv]m-Z\w,
hn]Wn e£y-an´psIm≠p≈ DXv]m-Z\ {]{In-b, lcn-X -Kr-l-hm-X-I-
ß-fpsS Afhv Ipd-bv°m\pw, DXv]m-Z-\-s®-ehv Ipd-bv°m\pw, ]mcn-ÿn-
XnI {]iv\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pap≈ Kth-j-W-Øn\pw ap¥nb ]cn-K-W\ Bh-
iy-am-Wv.
arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ \n∂pw kwcw`-I-cpsS sImgn™p
t]m°v, bph-Xnbp-hm-°fpsS Xm¬]-cy-°p-dhv F∂nh IW-°n-se-SpØv
ÿmbn-bmb kzbw sXmgn¬ kwcw`߃°v cq]w sImSp-t°-≠-Xp≠v.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 34

 hn]W\w imkv{XobamIWw

temI `£y Im¿jnI kwLS\bpsS IW°\pkcn®v 300

Zi-e£w P\߃ C∂v temIØv ]´nWnbnemWv. BtKmfXeØn¬
`£ykpc£m {]Xnk‘n \ne\n¬°ptºmƒ hnIknX, hnIkzc
cmPy߃ CXv XcWw sNøm\mbn hnhn[ ]≤XnIƒ Bhnjv°cn®v
\S∏nem°n hcp∂p.
`£ykpc£ ]cnlcn°m≥ t{]m´o≥ ASßnb
`£yhkv X p°fpsS Dev ] mZ\w ]Xn≥aSßv h¿≤n∏nt°≠Xp≠v .
F∂m¬ Ipd™ Imebfhn¬ `£ykpc£ ]cnlcn°m\pw, t]mjI
\yq\X AI‰m\pw P¥pP\y t{]m´o≥ Dev ] ∂߃°v am{Xta
km[n°q. AXn\m¬ P¥pP\y t{]m´o≥ DdhnSßfmb ]m¬, Cd®n,
ap´ F∂nhbpsS Dev]mZ\w h¿≤n∏nt°≠Xp≠v. Cu hkvXpX
IW°nseSpØv Im¿jnI taJebpsS A\p_‘ taJebmb
arKkwc£W taJebv°v ap¥nb ]cnKW\ e`n®p hcp∂p.
P¥pP\y Dev ] ∂ßfpsS D]t`mKØn¬ cmPyØv 4˛5%
˛tØmfw h¿≤\hv tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v . h¿≤n® BhiyØn
\\pkcn®v Dev ] mZ\hpw Dev ] mZ\£aXbpw h¿≤n∏nt°≠Xv
A\nhmcyamWv.
C¥y, ]m¬, `£y[m\y߃, ]©kmc, tImgnbnd®n
apXembhbpsS Dev]mZ\Øn¬ ap≥ \ncbnemsW¶nepw hnIknX
cmPyßsf At]£n®v Dev]mZ\£aXbn¬ ]ndInemWv. 5%˛¬ Xmsg
P¥pP\y Dev]∂߃ am{Xta C∂v Ib‰paXn sNøs∏Sp∂p≈p.
samØw Cd®nbpev]mZ\Øn¬ ssN\ C¥ysb°mƒ Gsd ap∂nemWv.
h¿≤n®phcp∂ Dev ] mZ\s®ehv kpÿnc arKkwc£W
taJesb {]XnIqeambn _m[n®phcp∂p. Db¿∂p hcp∂
]mcnÿnXnI sh√phnfnIfpw Cu taJebv ° v t\sc `ojWn
Db¿Øp∂p.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 35
 Gsd {]XnIqeamb kmlNcyßfnepw arKkwc£W
taJebn¬ amXrIm]camb {]h¿Ø\w ImgvN hbv°m≥ tIcfØn\v
Ign™n´p≠v . hntI{µoIrXmkq{XWØneqsS arKkwc£W
taJebn¬ Hcp IpXn®p Ib‰w km[yam°m≥ tIcfØn\p
Ign™n´p≠v.
Dev]mZ\s®ehnep≠mIp∂ h¿≤\hv arKkwc£W
taJebnse em`hnlnXw Ipdbv°m\nShcpØnhcp∂p. AXn\m¬
Dev]mZ\w em`Icam°m≥ Dev]mZ\£aX Db¿Øp∂ tXmsSm∏w
imkv{Xob hn]W\am¿§ßƒ Ahew_n°Ww.
P¥pP\y Dev]∂ßfpsS hn]W\Øn¬ I¿jI\v 35% hne
e`n°ptºmƒ 65% tØmfw a[yh¿ØnIƒ°v e`n°p∂Xmbn tZiob
XeØnep≈ CLFMA IW°pIƒ kqNn∏n°p∂p.
P¥pP\y Dev∏∂ßfpsS Dev]mZ\Øn¬ ap≥Imeßfn¬
Dev]mZ\w eIvjyan´ {]{Inbbv°mbncp∂p ap≥Xq°w \¬Inbncp∂Xv.
F∂m¬ C∂v tZiob Im¿jnI \bØns‚ `mKambn hn]Wn
e£yan´p≈ Dev]mZ\ {]{Inbbv°v {]m[m\yw \¬Inhcp∂p.
hn]Wn e£yan´p≈ Dev ] mZ\ {]{Inb arKkwc£W
taJebn¬ kpÿncX ssIhcn°m≥ I¿jIsc klmbn°p∂p.
P¥pP\y Dev ] ∂ßfpsS hn]W\Øn¬ \nch[n Imcy߃
{i≤nt°≠Xp≠v. Ipd™ kq£n∏pImew, thKØn¬ tISmIm\p≈
km[yX F∂nhbn¬ ap≥Xq°w \nev ° p∂ P¥pP\y, a’y
Dev ∏ ∂߃ Dev ] mZn∏n®bpSs\ Xs∂ D]t`m‡m°fnseØn
t°≠Xp≠v. ]m¬, Cd®n, ap´ F∂nhbpsS ImcyØn¬
{]tXyIcoXnbnep≈ hn]W\ X{¥ßƒ Bhnjv°cnt°≠Xp≠v.
hnIknX cmPyßsf At]£n®v C¥ybn¬ 51% t]cpsSbpw
icmicn hb v 26 BWv. Cu {]mbØn¬ IqSpX¬ t{]m´o≥ ASßnb
t]mjIaq√ytadnb `£y hkvXp°fpw, Du¿÷w {]Zm\w sNøp∂
sl¬Øv {Un¶vkpw C∂mhiyamWv.
`£y kwkv°cW {]{Inbbnepƒs∏SpØn ]m¬, ap´ Cd®n
F∂nhbpsS ImcyØn¬ aqeyh¿≤nX hkv X pXIfp≠m°m≥
{ian°p∂Xv kwcw`w IqSpX¬ hnPbIcam°m≥ klmbn°pw.
aqeyh¿≤nX Dev]∂߃ \n¿Ωn°ptºmƒ D]t`m‡mhns‚
Xmev]cyØn\nWßnb hkvXp°ƒ \n¿Ωn°m≥ {ian°Ww. 7.5%
tØmfw t]cpw 60 hb p Ign™ C¥ybn¬ h¿≤n®
sImfkv t {Smfns‚ Afhv aqew _p≤nap´p∂hcpsS FÆw 15
iXam\Øne[nIamWv. Ch¿°nWßnb sImgp∏p Ipd™ ]m¬,
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 36
]mepev ] ∂߃, Cd®nbpev ] ∂߃ F∂nh hn]W\w sNøm≥
km[yXtbsdbmWv. apbend®nbv°v Cu cwKØv hn]W\
km[yXItfsdbp≠v.
BtKmfXeØn¬ t]mØnd®n Ib‰paXnbn¬ C¥y
apt∂dm\p≈ ImcWw C¥y≥ t]mØnd®nbn¬ sImgp∏ns‚ Afhv
IpdhmbXn\memWv. a‰p cmPyßsf At]£n®v XmcXtay\ Ipd™
{]mbØn¬ C¥ybn¬ t]mØn≥ Ip´nIsf Cd®n°pth≠n
D]tbmKn®p hcp∂p. Cu km[yXIƒ a\ nem°n tIcfØn¬ Cd®n
Dev]mZ\ taJebn¬ t]mØn≥ Ip´nIsf IqSpXembn hf¿Øn hcp∂p.
IqSpX¬ t{]m´o≥ ASßnb `£y hkvXp°ƒ hf¿®bpsS
BZyL´Øn¬ BhiyamWv. Ip´nIƒ°nWßnb tNm°tf‰pIƒ,
_¿§dpIƒ, sl¬Øv {Un¶vkv, hnhn[ cpNnbnepw \ndØnepap≈
`£y hkvXp°ƒ F∂nhbv°v km[yXtbsdbmWv.
tImgn ap´bpsS ImcyØn¬ \mS≥ tImgnap´, t^m¿´nss^Uv
ap´Iƒ, tS_nƒ FKv k v F∂nhbv ° v tIcfØn¬ Bhiy°m¿
GsdbmWv.
C∂v h¿≤n®p hcp∂ ssPthmev]∂ taJebntebv°v B´nd®n,
t]mØnd®n, tImgnbnd®n, Xmdmhnd®n, ]∂nbnd®n, tImgnap´,
Xmdmap´ F∂nh Dƒs∏SpØn {]oanbw hnebv°v hnev]\
\SØmhp∂XmWv.
P¥pP\y Dev ] ∂ßfpsS Dev ] mZ\Øn¬ IpSpw_{io
{Kq∏pIsf ^e{]Zambn ]¶mfnIfm°m≥ km[n°pw. ]m¬, Cd®n
tImgnap´ F∂nh KpWta∑tbmsS hoSpIfnseØn°m\p≈ hn]W\
kwcw`߃ anI® em`w {]Zm\w sNøpw
Dev]∂w, hne, hn]W\ X{¥ßƒ, e`yX F∂nhbSßnb 4
P bmWv hn]W\Ønse imkv { Xob X{¥ßƒ. Dev ] ∂ßfpsS
ImcyØn¬ D]t`m‡mhns\ e£yan´ customized approach BhiyamWv.
`£y kpc£nXXzØn¬ Dev]mZ\w apX¬ hn]W\w hsc
Dev]∂߃ D]t`m‡mhns‚ ssIIfnsetØ≠Xp≠v. CXn\mbn
lmkn∏v (HACCP), GMP, GRP F∂nh {]mh¿ØnIamt°≠Xp≠v .
KpWta≥a hnebncpØnbmWv D]t`m‡m°ƒ Dev]∂߃
hmßp∂Xv.
kmºØnI amµyØnepw cmPyØv samØw hcpam\Øn¬
\n∂pw `£y[m\y߃, ]®°dnIƒ F∂nhsb At]£n®v
IqSpX¬ XpI P¥pP\y Dev ] ∂߃°mbn \o°n hbv ° p∂p.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 37

{]XnZn\ hcpam\Øns‚ 40% amWv `£yhkvXp°ƒ°mbn
C¥y°m¿ sNehgn°p∂Xv.
hn]W\Øn¬ {_m≥UnwKv , ]mt°PnwKv , F∂nh Gsd
{]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂p.
P¥pP\y Dev ] ∂߃ hn]W\w \SØm≥ Dev ] mZI¿
Dƒs∏Sp∂ commodity interest groups-\v cq]w sImSp°mw. CXv ]m¬,
Cd®n, ap´ F∂o hn`mK߃°\pkcn®v {]tXyIw
{Kq∏pIfmbncn°Ww.
KpWta≥abv°v Du∂¬ \¬In Cu cwKØv hnPbw ssIhcn®
]me°mSv Nature Fresh Milk, £oc-km-K-c, Xr»qcnse sImSIcbnse
kpÿnc ]mep¬]mZ\w F∂nh Cu cwKØv A\ph¿Øn°mhp∂
amXrIIfmWv.
ho´pap‰Øv hf¿Øp∂ tImgnIfn¬ \n∂p≈ ap´ tiJcn®v
{Kq∏Snÿm\Øn¬ hn]W\w \SØmhp∂ irwJeIƒ
cq]s∏SpØnsbSp°mw.
Hmtcm IpSpw_Øn\pw Bhiyamb Afhn¬ tImgnbnd®n,
B´nd®n, am´nd®n, F∂nh e`yam°m\pXIp∂ Divisibility hn]W\
{]{Inb Ffp∏Ønem°Ww. Xangv\m´nse DUpa¬t]´nse kp§okv
Nn°s‚ amXrI Cu cwKØpw {]mh¿ØnIam°mhp∂tXbp≈p.
ssPhIrjn kwcw`߃°v th≠n ssPhhfw hn]W\w
sNøm≥ NmWIw, B´n≥ ImjvTw, _tbmKymkv πm‚n¬ \n∂p≈
…dn F∂nh ^e{]Zambn kwkv°cn®v hn]W\w \SØmw. Xr»q¿
Pn√bnse Nmh°m´p≈ IpSpw_{io kwcw`ßfpsS {]h¿Ø\w Cu
cwKØv amXrIbm°mhp∂XmWv.
P¥pP\y Dev]∂߃ hn]W\w \SØptºmƒ
D]t`m‡mhn\nWßnb Dev]∂w cq]s∏SpØnsbSp°m≥ {]tXyIw
{i≤n°Ww. arKmip]{XnIƒ, Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\߃,
IpSpw_{io bqWn‰pIƒ, amXrIm I¿jI¿, I¿jI {]Xn\n[nIƒ
F∂nhbpsS Iq´mb {]h¿Ø\߃ P¥pP\y Dev ] ∂ßfpsS
imkv { Xob hn]W\Øn\pw, ÿmbnbmb arKkwc£W taJe
cq]s∏SpØnsbSp°m\pw klmbn°pw.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 38

 ssPh-Irjn XpS-ßp-tºmƒ

arK-kw-c-£-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ I∂p-Im-en-Iƒ, tImgn-Iƒ F∂n-

hbv°v Ah-bpsS {]mIrXymep≈ kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ \ne-\n-¿-Øm-
hp∂ coXn-bn¬ ]cn-N-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv. ssPh-Irjn XpS-ßp-∂-Xn-\p-
apºv F√m L´-ß-fnepw k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ Bh-iy-am-Wv. I∂p-Im-en-h-
f¿Ø-en¬ ^mw apgp-h-\mbn ssPh-Ir-jnbv°v ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøm≥
Ipd-™Xv aq∂p-h¿jw th≠n hcpw. th≠{X hmbp-k-©mcw, AanX
kqcy-{]-Im-i-Øn¬ \n∂v kwc-£-Ww, sXmgp-Øn¬ Bh-iy-Øn\v
ÿe-ku-Icyw, btYjvSw ip≤-Pew F∂nh AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv.
Xmdm-hv, tImgn, apb¬ F∂n-hsb IqSp-I-fn¬ (Cages) ]m¿∏n-°-cpXv.
Imen-Øo-‰-bmbn \¬Ip∂ Xo‰-∏p√v, {]mIr-XnI ]p¬h¿§-߃ F∂n-
hbv°v IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, If\m-in-\n-Iƒ, cmk-h-f-߃ XpS-ßn-bh
D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv. P¥p-t£a {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-Ww.
Iq´-tØmsS Pohn-°p∂ arK-ßsf sht∆sd IqSp-I-fn¬ ]m¿∏n-°-cp-Xv.
ssPh- I r- j n- b psS \n_- ‘ - \ - I ƒ
]men®p Ign-™m¬ ssPthm-ev]-∂-
߃ hn¬∏\ \S-Ømw.
arKNnIn’ \S- Ø p- t ºmƒ
ssPh-kw-cw-`-ß-fn¬ tlm¿tam-Wp-
Iƒ, hf¿® Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ LS-
I- ß ƒ F∂nh D]- t bm- K n- ° - c p- X v .
ASn-b-¥n-c-L-´-ß-fn¬, tcmK`o-jWn
\ne-hn-ep-s≠-¶n¬ am{Xta hmIvkn-
\p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hq. Bbp¿th-Z,
tlmantbm, bp\m\n acp-∂p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. AIyp-]-MvN¿ NnIn-
’bpw A\p-h¿Øn-°mw. sh‰-dn-\dn acp-∂p-Iƒ AXym-hiy L´-Øn¬

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 39

am{Xta D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hq. Ch D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ DXv]-∂-߃°v
Withholding Period Bh-iy-amWv.

IS-º-I-tfsd
arKkw- c - £ - W - t a- J - e - b n¬ ssPh- I r- j nbv°v IS- º -
ItfsdbmWv. ssPthm-Xv]-∂-߃°v hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ km[y-X-bp-
s≠-¶nepw hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fnse Bh-iy-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v hnI-kzc cmPy-
߃ DXv]m-Z\ {]{Io-b-bn¬ am‰w hcp-Øp-∂Xv B`y-¥c DXv]m-Z\w
Ipd-bm-\n-S-h-cp-Øpw. ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ DXv]m-Z-\-£-aX Xptemw Ipd-
hm-Wv. ssPh-Irjn kwcw-`߃ em`I-c-am-°m≥ D¬∏-∂߃°v anI®
hne e`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ Organic Products- t\mSp≈
XmXv]-cyw a\- n-em°n hnI-kzc cmPy-߃ cmPym-¥c hn]-Wn-bn-te°v
DXv]-∂-߃ FØn®phcp-∂p. F∂m¬ 5% Xmsg I¿j-I-cp≈ hnI-
knX cmPy-߃ ssPh-Irjn XmXv]-cy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse 75% tØmfw
I¿jI-cp≈ C¥y ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te°v Xncn-bp-∂Xv `£y-kp-c-£n-
X-XzsØ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°pw.
\ΩpsS \m´n¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]c-º-cm-KX Irjn-kw-cw-`߃
ssPh- I r- j n- t a- J - e - b n- t e°p am‰p- ∂ - X mWv Ffp- ∏ w. cmPym- ¥ c
hn]Wnbnse XmXv]-cy-߃°-\p-k-cn®v amXr-Im-]-c-amb coXn-bn¬
sNdn-sbmcp iX-am\w Irjn-co-Xn-Iƒ ]c-º-cm-KX ssien-bn¬ \n∂pw
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te°v am‰mhp∂-Xm-Wv.
ssPh-Irjn ]cn-ÿn-Xn-°n-W-ßn-b-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬ ÿmbn-bmb
Im¿jnI Bhmk hyhÿ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥ Gsd klm-b-I-
cam-Wv.
hn]- W n- b n¬ e`n- ° p∂ ssPthm- X v ] - ∂ - ß ƒ ]q¿Æ- a mbpw
ssPhoIw Bbn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. F{X iX-am\w Hm¿Km-\nIv BsW∂v
te_-en¬ {]tXyIw ImWn-®n-cn-°pw. ]c-º-cm-KX Irjn-co-Xn-bn¬
\n∂pw ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te-°p≈ am‰-Øn\v GXm≠v c≠p h¿j-tØmfw
kabw th≠n hcpw. CXv Conversion Period F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p.
GsXmcp ssPh-Ir-jn-bnepw Hgn®p IqSm≥ ]‰mØ LS-I-amWv I∂p-
Im-en-h-f¿Ø¬. ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ anI® ssPh-hfw NmWIw Xs∂-
bm-Wv.
arK-kw-cw-£-W-ta-J-e-bn¬ ssPh-Irjn {ia-I-c-am-sW∂v kqNn-
∏n-®-t√m. {]P-\-\w, ]cn-N-c-Ww, Xo‰-{I-aw, tcmK-\n-b-{¥Ww F∂n-hbv°v
A\p-tbm-Py-amb X{¥-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-Ww. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-°n-W-ßn-
b, AXmXv ÿeØv hf¿Øm≥ tbmPn® C\-ßsf am{Xta ssPh-
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 40
Ir-jn-bn¬ hf¿Øm-hq. P¥p-°ƒs°m-cp-°p∂ ]m¿∏n-S-Øn¬ Bh-iy-
Øn\v ÿe-ku-I-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-ambn ssPh-]m¬
DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ Hm¿Km-\nIv Ubdn ^mw XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Hcp slIvS-
dn¬ 1.8 F∂ tXmXn¬ am{Xta I∂p-Im-en-Iƒ ]mSp-≈q. ]ip-hn\v
sXmgp-Øn¬ 6 NXp-c-{i- ao-‰¿ ÿe- ku-Icyw thWw hymbm-a-Øn\v
aq∂p NXp-c-{i-ao-‰¿ A[n-I-ambn thWw. hnØp-Im-f-Iƒ°v 10 NXp{i
ao‰¿ ÿe- h n- k v X rXnbpw 30 NXp- c - { i- a o- ‰ ¿ hybm- a - Ø n- \ p≈ \S-
ÿehpw Bh-iyam-Wv.
InSm-cn-Iƒ°v sXmgp-Øn¬ 1.5 NXp-c-{i-ao-‰¿ F∂ tXmXn¬
ÿew thWw. S¿°n, Xmdm-hv, Ac-b∂w F∂n-hsb ssPh-Ir-jn- kw-
cw-`Øn¬ Iq´n¬ hf¿Øm≥ bYm-{Iaw 2,10,2 NXp-c-{i -ao-‰¿ ÿew
Bh-iy-am-Wv.
Iq´n¬ btYjvSw hmbp-k-©mc kuIcyw thWw. Imem-hÿm
hyXn-bm-\-߃°-\p-k-cn®v kwc-£Ww e`n-°-Ø-°-hn[w IqSp-Iƒ
\n¿Ωn- ° - W w. btYjv S w ip≤- P ew Bh- i y- a mWv . {]Ir- X ym- e p≈
kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I-ƒ A\p-h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ kuIcyhpw Hcp-°-Ww.

{i≤n-°pI
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ \n∂p≈ P¥p-P\y DXv]-∂-߃ ssPh-Irjn
XpS-ßn-bm¬ ssPthm-Xv]-∂-ß-fmbn hn]-W\w \S-Ømw. te_-en¬
Conversion Period emsW∂v {]tXyIw hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°-Ww.
ssPh-Ir-jn-bv°mbn sIm≠p-h-tc≠ arK-ß-fp-sSbpw ]£n-I-
fp-sSbpw {]mbw NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.
a) Cd-®n-t°mgn Ip™p-߃ 2 Znhkw {]mb-Øn¬
b) ap´-t°mgn ˛ 18 BgvN {]mb-Øn¬
c) Xmdm-hv, S¿°n ˛ 2 BgvN {]mb-Øn¬
d) ]∂n-°p-™p-߃ ˛ 6 BgvN {]mb-Øn¬
e) I∂p-Ip-´n-Iƒ ˛ 4 BgvN {]mb-Øn¬

k¿´n- ^ n- t °- j ≥ coXn- I ƒ ]c- a m- h [n 5 h¿j- ß ƒ°Iw

]q¿Øn-bm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ Ir{Xna _oP-kw-tbm-P\w {]mh¿Øn-I-am-
°mw. tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ, P\n-X-I-hy-Xn-bm\w hgn Dcp-Øn-cn-s®-SpØ P\p-
 p-Iƒ F∂nh A\p-h-Z-\oba√.
100% ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-eqsS hf¿Ønb Xo‰ am{Xta I∂p-Im-en-
Iƒ°v \¬Im-hq.
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 41
 hf¿® Xzcn- X - s ∏- S p- Ø p∂ hkv X p- ° ƒ (growth promoters,
stimulants) F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv. {]Ir-Xym-ep≈ hn‰m-an-\p-Ifpw [mXp-
e-h-W-ßfpw am{Xta D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hq. kmw{I-anI tcmK-߃s°-Xn-
cm-bp≈ {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-sh-bv]p-Iƒ \evIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. NnIn-’-°mbn
sl¿_¬, tlmantbm, Bbp¿th-Z, bp\m\n acp-∂p-Ifpw, AIyp-]w-
IvN¿ coXn-Ifpw Ah-ew-_n-°mw. B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-
cp-Xv. B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ ASn-b-¥nc L´-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-
sW-¶n¬ DXv]-∂-߃°v Double withdrawal period AXm-bXv \njvI¿jn-
°p-∂-Xns‚ Cc-´n-°m-e-b-fhv D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv. IqSmsX te_-en¬ D]-
tbm-K-{Iaw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw thWw.
Cd®n kwkvI-cW {]{In-b-bn¬ Iim-∏n-\p≈ arK-ßsf hml-
\-Øn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ btYjvSw ip≤-Pew sImSp-°-Ww. Bh-
iy-Øn\v hn{i-ahpw \¬I-Ww. kvs{S p-f-hm-°p∂ Imcy-߃ D]-tbm-
Kn-°-Ww. Hcp arKsØ Adhp {]{In-bbv°v hnt[-b-am-°p-tºmƒ a‰p
arK-߃ ImW-cp-Xv. I∂p-Im-enI-sf Ad-hp-im-e-bn¬ FØn-°m≥ 8
aWn-°q-dn¬ IqSp-X¬ kabw FSp-°-cp-Xv. ab-°p-a-cp-∂p-Iƒ (tranquilizers)
D]-tbm-Kn-°-cpXv.
sXmgpØpw IqSpw ]cn- k - c hpw ipNn- b m- ° m≥ tkmUnbw
sslt∏m-t¢m-ssd‰v , tkmUnbw sslt{Um-IvsskUv, \ocm-hn, t^m¿a-
en≥, Aæ-߃, kky-P\y Im¿_WnI AWp-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, ssl{U-
P≥ s]tdm-IvsskUv, tkmUnbw Im¿_-tW-‰v, s]m´mkyw tkm∏v,
tkmUnbw tkm∏v apX-em-bh D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.
tIc-f-Øn¬ ASp-°-f-ap-‰sØ tImgn, Xmdm-hv, S¿°n hf¿Ø-
en¬ ssPh-Irjn hfsc ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°mw. Imem-h-
ÿ-bv°n-W-ßnb tImgn-Isf hf¿ØWw. CXn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ ssPh
ap´-Iƒ°v (Organic eggs) Bh-iy-°m¿ Gsd-bm-Wv. henb apX¬ap-S-°n-
√msX Cu {]{Inb \S-∏n-em-°mw. tcmK-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn-\mbn tImgn-
Iƒ°v hmIvkn≥ \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Cd-®n-t°m-gn, Cd-®n-Øm-dm-hv, S¿°n aqcn-°p´n hf¿Ø¬ F∂n-
h-bnepw ssPh-Irjn ]co-£-Wm-Snÿm\Øn¬ \S-∏n-em-°mw. ssPh-
Ir-jn-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sh≈-Øns‚ ipNn-Xzhpw Gsd {]m[m-\y-
a¿ln-°p-∂p.
ssPh DXv]-∂-߃ ]q¿Æ-amtbm `mKn-I-amtbm Hm¿Km-\nIv
BsW-∂Xv te_-en¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww. k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥
C√msX ssPh DXv]-∂-߃ hn¬]\ \S-Øp-∂Xv in£m¿l-am-Wv.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 42

ssPh-Ir-jnbv°v km£y-]{Xw \¬Ip∂ \nc-h[n k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥
GP≥kn-I-fp-≠v. Ah-bn¬ NneXv :
1) Association for Promotion of Organic Farming, Bangalore
2) Bio Inspector, Switzerland
3) Indian Organic Certification Agency. Indocert, Aluva, Kochi
4) SGS India Pvt. Limited, Gurgaon
5) Skal International, Netherlands, Bangalore
6) Naturland, Kochi

A{IUn‰Uv GP≥kn- I ƒ k¿´n- ^ n- t °- j ≥ \S- Ø nbm¬

am{Xta DXv]-∂-߃ Ib-‰p-aXn sNøm≥ km[n°q. arK-kw-c-£WtaJ-
e- b n¬ IS- º - I - t f- s d- b p≈ ssPh- I rjn ]co- £ - W m- S n- ÿ m- \ - Ø n¬
{]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-∂-XmWv \√-Xv. U¬ln Bÿm-\-ambn {]h¿Øn-
°p∂ Centre for Bharatiya Marketing Development (CBMD) F∂ GP≥kn
ssPh-Irjn t{]mXm-km-ln-∏n®p hcp-∂p. ssPh DXv]-∂-ß-fn¬ IoS-
\m-in-\n, If-\m-in\n, hnjmwiw B‚n-_-tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ apX-em-bh Ipd-
hm-I-W-sa-∂Xv X¿°-a‰ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 43

 Cd®n hyh-kmbw ˛ km[y-XI
- ƒ

C¥ybn¬ P¥p-P\y t{]m´o-\ns‚ {]Xn-Zn\ Btfmlcn D]-

t`mKw 10 {KmamWv F∂m¬ temI icm-icn 25 {Kmam-Wv. hnI-kzc
cmPy-ß-fn¬ Cd-®n-bpsS D]-t`mKw 2020 HmSp-IqSn 60 % Bbn h¿≤n-°p-
sa-∂mWv IW-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C¥ybn¬ {]Xn-h¿jw 1.95 Zi-
e£w I∂p-Im-en-Iƒ, 10.6 Zi-e£w Fcp-a-Iƒ, 17.7 Zi-e£w sNΩ-
cn-bm-Sp-Iƒ, 40.5 Zi-e£w BSp-Iƒ, 4.2 Z-i-e£w ]∂n-Iƒ F∂nh
Iim∏p sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. a‰p kwÿm-\-ßsf At]-£n®v Cd-®n-bpsS
D]-t`m-K-Ønepw tIcfw ap∂n-em-Wv. 95% tØmfw ae-bm-fn-Ifpw C-d®n
Ign-°p-∂-Xmbpw, Ign-°p∂ Cd-®n°v aX]-c-amb \n_-‘-\-Iƒ Ipd-
hm-sW∂Xpw IW-°p-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. kºq¿Æ km£-cX, kmaq-
lnI kmº-ØnI cwKsØ Db¿∂ hf¿®m \nc-°v, t]mj-I-ß-fpsS
Ah-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ t_m[-h-Xv°-cWw F∂nh CXn\v hgn-sbm-
cp-°p-∂p. {]Xn-h¿jw 1.5 Zi-e£w I∂p-Im-en-Isf Cd-®n-°p-th≠n
Iim∏p sNø-s∏-Sp∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ Cd®n hyh-kmb taJ-e-bn¬ km[y-
X-I-tf-sd-bmWv.
C¥y t]mØn-d®n Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bn¬ ap∂n-em-Wv. CXv Imcm-_o^v
F∂ t]cnedn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. C¥y≥ t]mØn-d®n arZphpw am¿±-h-ap-≈-Xp-
am-b-Xn-\m¬ A¥m-cmjv{S hn]-Wn-bn¬ Bh-iy-°m¿ Gsd-bm-Wv.
C¥ybn¬ Cfw-{]m-b-Øn¬ t]mØp-Isf Iim-∏n\p hnt[-b-am-°p-∂-
Xn-\m¬ sImf-kvt{Smfns‚ Afhv Ipd-hm-Wv. F∂m¬ a‰p Gjy≥ cmPy-
ß-fn¬ 7˛8 hb- n-\p-tijw am{Xsa Cd-®n-°p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°m-
hq. ate-jy, CuPn-]vXv, bp.-F.-C., Xmbem‚ v, sba≥, P∏m≥, kuZn-
A-td-_y, Ham≥, Ipssh-‰v, JØ¿ F∂o cmPy-ß-fn-te°v C¥y Cd®n
Ib-‰p-aXn sNbvXp hcp-∂p. ate-jy, CuPn-]vXv, Cdm≥, tPm¿Um≥,
Xmbve‚ v F∂o cmPy-ß-fn-te°v t]mØn-d-®n-bpw, Cd-®n-bp-ev]-∂-ßfpw

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 44

Ib-‰p-aXn sNbvXp hcp-∂p. Kƒ^v cmPy-ß-fn-te°v tImgn-bn-d-®nbpw,
Dt]m-ev]-∂-ßfpw Ib-‰p-aXn
sNbvXp-h-cp-∂p. sImgp-∏ns‚
Afhv Ipd- h m- b - X n- \ m¬
C¥ybn¬ \n∂p≈ t]mØn-d-
®n°v A¥m- c mjv { S hn]- W n-
bn¬ Bh-iy-°m¿ Gsd-bm-Wv.
A¥m- c mjv{S Xe-
Øn¬ Im¿jn-tIm-ev]-∂-߃
Xo‰- b mbn D]- t bm- K n- ° p∂
ta™p \S-°p∂ I∂p-Im-en-I-
fp- s S Cd- ® n°v h≥ Bh- i y-
IX C∂v \ne- \ n¬°p- ∂ p. am{X- a √ Ch- b n¬ tlm¿tam- W p- I - ƒ ,
B‚n_tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS tXmXv Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd-hpam-Wv.
Cd- ® n- b p- X v ] m- Z \ taJ- e - b n¬ {]iv \ - ß - t f- s d- b p- ≠ v . Aim-
kv{Xob Ad-hp-im-e-Iƒ, kwkvI-c-Ww, ioXo-I-c-W-ß kuI-cyßfpsS
A`mhw, ]mt°-Pnw-Knse A]-cym-]vX-X, `£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw \ne-
\n¿Øm-\p≈ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh Ch-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.
ip≤-amb Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-Z-\-Øn\v km[y-X-tb-sd-bm-Wv. Ipfºp
tcmKw, AIn-Sp-ho°w F∂nh Dev]m-Z-\sØ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p∂
tcmK-ß-fm-Wv. BtKm-f-h-XvIr-X-bp-K-Øn¬ CXv Ib-‰p-a-Xn-tbbpw kmc-
ambn _m[n-°p-∂p. bqtdm-∏y≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ {`m¥n-∏ip tcmKw dnt∏m¿´v
sNbvX-Xns\ XpS¿∂mWv t]mØn-d®n hn]-Wn Icp-Øm¿÷n-®Xv.
Aim-kv{Xob Cd®n ]cn-tim-[-\-Ifpw, P¥p-P-\y-tcm-K-ßfpw
Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ krjvSn®p hcp-∂p. Cd®n
Cd-°p-aXn sNøp-tºmƒ ]e-cm-Py-ßfpw sh‰-dn-\dn ]cn-tim-[-\, k¿´n-
^n-t°-j≥ F∂nh ]men-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-t≠m-sb∂v hne-bn-cpØn hcp∂p.
`£ykpc-£n-XXz _n¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂-tXmsS Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-
Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ `£y-kp-c-£n-XXzw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ ssek≥knwKv
{]{Inb A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Aem\, lnµv Bt{Km, A¬I-_o¿ XpS-ßnb
h≥InS Cd®n kwkvI-cW πm‚p-I-fmWv C¥y-bn¬ \n∂pw Cd®n IqSp-
X-embn Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂Xv. Dev]m-Z\w apX¬ kwkv°-cWw sXm´v
D]-t`m-‡m-hns‚ ssII-fn¬ FØp-∂Xphsc `£y-kp-c£nXXz \n_-
‘-\-Iƒ ]men-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 45

 tKm-Zvsd-Pv, sh¶n-tS-iz-c, kpKpW XpS-ßnb Iº-\n-Iƒ tImgn-
bn-d®n kwkvI-cWw, hn]-W-\w, Ib-‰p-aXn F∂n-h-bn¬ cmPyØv ap≥\n-
c-bn-em-Wv. Ch¿ Divisibility {]{Inb hgn D]-t`m-‡m-hn\v CW-ßnb D¬]-
∂-߃ e`y-am°n hcp∂p.
tI{µ Kh¨sa‚ v Cd-®n-bp-Xv]m-Z-\w, kwkvI-c-Ww, hn]-W\w,
Ib-‰p-aXn taJ-e-I-fnse km≤y-X-Iƒ a\- n-em°n U¬ln-bnemcw-
`n® National Meat and Poultry Processing Board (NMPPB) D¬]m-Z-I¿°pw,
hy-hkmbnIƒ°pw, Ib-‰p-a-Xn-°m¿°pap≈ GI-Pm-e-I -kw-hn[m\ambn
{]h¿Øn°pw.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 46

 tImgn-bn-d®n Cd-°p-aX
- n°v
km[y-Xt- b-dp∂p

tImgn-bn-d®n Cd-°p-a-Xn- ]p-\-cm-cw-`n-°m≥ Ata-cn-°≥ hmWnPy

a{¥m-ebw C¥ybpsS ta¬ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øn hcp∂p. 2000 Øns‚
BZyw Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂p≈ tImgn-°m¬ Cd-°p-aXn C¥y≥ tImgn-
h-f¿Ø¬ taJ-esb {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-®n-cp-∂p ! tImgn-°m-en¬
KpW-ta∑ Ipd™ sImf-kvt{Smƒ IqSp-X-em-sW∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ Ata-
cn-°-bn¬ Ah-iy-°m¿ Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Ipd™ hnebv°v
Gjy≥ cmPy-ß-fn-te°v Ch Cd-°p-aXn sNbvXn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ CXv
C¥y≥ tImgn-hy-h-km-bsØ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-®-Xn-\m¬ 100% Cd-
°p-aXn Xocph NpaØn Cd-°p-aXn XS-bm≥ hmWnPy a{¥m-e-b-Øn\v
Ign-™n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ aq∂mw temI-cm-jv{S-߃ hgn tImgn-°m¬ Cd-
°p-aXn sNbvXv DXv]-∂-ß-fm°n C¥y≥ hn-]-Wn-bn-se-Øn-°p-∂ps≠-
∂Xv Xo¿Øpw A¤p-X-I-c-amb hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.
F∂m¬ temI-hym-]mc Icm¿ A\p-k-cn®v Aw-K-cm-Py-߃
D¬]-∂-߃ Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Cd-°p-aXn AwKo-I-cn-t°-
≠-Xpap-≠v. Cu \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]men-°p-∂n-s√∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ Ata-
cn-°-≥ hmWnPy a{¥m-ebw temI- hym-]mc kwL-S-\ (WTO) sb kao-
]n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. D¬]-∂-ß-fpsS KpW-ta∑, £y-kp-c-£n-XXzw F∂n-
h-bn¬ temtIm-Øc \ne-hmcw ]pe¿Øp∂ Ata-cn-°≥ tImgn DXv]-
∂-ßfpsS C¥y-bn-te-°p≈ Cd-°p-a-Xnbv°v temI- hym-]m-c-kw-L-S\
klm-bn-°p-sa-∂mWv Ata-cn-°≥ hmWnPy a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ IW-°p-
Iq-´¬. Ghn-b≥ C≥^vfp-sh≥k (]£n-∏\n) \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-
am-bp≈ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]men®p hcp-∂-Xmbpw Ah¿ Ah-
Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p.
F∂m¬ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂p≈ tImgn-bn-d®n, ap´ a‰pXv]-∂-
߃ F∂n-h-bpsS Cd-°p-aXn C¥y≥ tImgn- hy-h-kmb taJ-esb

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 47

Xf¿Ømt\ D]-I-cn-°q! C¥y-bn¬ h¿≤n®p hcp-∂ tImgn-^m-ap-Iƒ,
kwkvI-cW bqWn-‰p-Iƒ F∂n-hsb CXv {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°pw.
{_ko-epw, saIvkn-t°mbpw C¥y-bn-te-°p≈ tImgn-bnd®n Ib-‰p-aXn
e£y-an´v ImØncn°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Cd-°p-aXn B`y-¥c hn]-
Wnsb Xf¿Ømt\ D]-I-cn°q!
2013 Unkw-_-dn¬ C≥tUm-t\-jy-bnse _men-bn¬ sh®v \S∂
temI-hym-]mc kwL-S-\-bpsS Hº-Xm-aXv a{¥n-Xe D®-tIm-Sn-bn¬ hnI-
kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ Ib-‰p-aXn t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\p≈ [mc-W-
bnse-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 48

 _men D®tImSnbn¬
C¥y°v t\cnb t\´w

C≥tUmt\jybnse _menbn¬sh®v 2013 Unkw_dn¬ \S∂

160 cmPyßfn¬ \n∂p≈ AwK߃ ]s¶SpØ temIhym]mc
kwLS\bpsS HºXmaXv a{¥nXe D®tImSnbn¬ C¥ybpsS \ne]mSv
{]tXyIw {it≤bambncn°p∂p `£ykpc£m_n¬
{]mh¿ØnIam°nb C¥ybn¬ s]mXphnXcW kwhn[m\ØneqsS
Zmcn{ZytcJbv°v Xmsgbp≈h¿°v k_vknUn \nc°n¬
`£y[m\y߃ \¬Ip∂ Xocpam\sØ AwKXzcmPy߃
FXn¿Øncp∂p. F∂m¬ C¥y ]´nWn XSbm≥ `£y[m\y߃°v
k_v k nUn \¬Im\p≈ Xocpam\sØ \ymboIcn®Xpaqew c≠v
Zim_vZ°meambn ]cn{ian®p hcp∂ WTO bpsS BtKmf hym]mc
Icm¿ {]mh¿ØnIam°m≥ Ign™n√. Gjy, B{^n°,
em‰n\tacn°≥ cmPy߃ C¥ybpsS \ne]mSns\ ]n¥pW®ncp∂p.
Im¿jnI taJebnse Xocph Ipdbv ° pI, AhnIknX
cmPy߃°v A¥mcmjv { S hn]Wnbn¬ D¬]∂߃ hn]W\w
sNøm\p≈ Ahkcw e`yam°pI, Izm´clnX hn]Wn Dd∏phcpØpI
F∂o Imcyßfn¬ `qcn]£w AwKcmPyßfpw GItZi
[mcWbnseØnbn´p≠v Atacn°bpsS t\XrXzØn¬ 12 cmPyßfpsS
Iq´mbv a TPP (Trans Pacific Partnership) F∂ t]cn¬ 2013
Ahkm\tØmsS kzX{¥ hym]mc DSºSn \S∏nem°m\p≈
{iaßfpw \S∂p hcp∂p.
`£ykpc£ \ne\n¿Øm≥ 70% tØmfw hcp∂ sNdpInS
I¿jIsc kwc£n°Wsa∂ sFIycmjv{S kwLS\bpsS
Blzm\Øn\v th≠≠{X ]cnKW\ e`n®n√. Atacn°bS°ap≈
AwKcmPy߃ `£yk_vknUn \n¿Øem°m\pw hnIkzc
cmPy߃°p≈ 10% k_v k nUn Hgnhm°m\pw hmZn®psh∂Xv

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 49

hnIknX cmPyßfpsS \n£n]vX Xm¬]cyØn\v sXfnhmWv. Gjy,
B{^n°, em‰n≥ Atacn°≥ cmPyßfnse sNdpInS I¿jI¿°v Cu
cwKØv {][m\ ]¶p hln°m≥ km[n°psa∂v sFIycmjv{SkwLS\
hnebncpØptºmƒ C≥t¥mt\jybnse _menbn¬ sh®v \S∂
temIhym]mc kwLS\bpsS HºXmaXv a{¥nXe N¿®bn¬ C¥y°v
t\cnb t\´w am{Xtabp≈p.
temIhym]mc kwLS\ (World Trade Organisation) bpsS
\nbaßfn¬ Im¿jnI taJebv°v klmbw hcpØp∂ XeØnep≈
am‰ßƒ A\nhmcyamWv. 1994 ¬ H∏psh® DdptKzXe Icmdn¬
hnIknX cmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v anI® klmbw e n°ptºmƒ
hnIkzccmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v th≠{X klmbtam
k_vkoUntbm e`n°p∂n√.
hnIknX cmPyßfn¬ hyhkmbnImSnÿm\Ønep≈
Im¿jnI ^manwKv coXnIfmWv \nehnep≈Xv . A¥mcmjv { S
hn]Wnbn¬ ChcpsS Dev∏∂ßfmWv IqSpXemsbØp∂Xv. CXns‚
ImcWw as‰m∂pa√ BtKmf hym]mca\pkcn®v hnIkzc
cmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v k_v k oUn e`n®ncp∂Xn¬ Ipdhv
h∂n´p≠v . F∂m¬ {Ko≥t_mIv k n¬ Dƒs∏SpØn hnIknX
cmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v k_v k oUn F∂ t]cne√, adn®v
s{]m´£≥ F∂ t]cn¬ klmbw e`n®p hcp∂p. hnIkzc cmPyßfn¬
Dev]mZ\ Nnehv IpdhmsW¶nepw s{]m´£\neqsS hnIknX
cmPyßfn¬ \ns∂Øp∂ Dev∏\߃ Ipd™ hne°v A¥mcmjv{S
hn]Wnbn¬ hnev°s∏Sp∂p. CXv hnIkzc cmPyßfnse
BtKmfhym]mc km[yXIƒ°v Xncn®SnbmIp∂p.
{Ko≥ t_mIvkn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂ k_vkoUn t\cn´v
D¬]mZ\hpambn _‘s∏´Xs√¶nepw I¿jI¿°v Dev]mZ\£aX
Db¿Øm\p≈ hmXmb\ßfmWv Xpd°p∂Xv . CXv hnIknX
cmPyßfn¬ `£ykpc£tbmsSm∏w kmaqlnI kpc£ Dd∏p
hcpØp∂p. temIhym]mc kwLS\ {Ko≥t_mIv k v k_v k oUn
klmbw t{]m’mln∏n°ptºmƒ hnIkzc cmPyßfnse I¿jI¿°v
CXv \ntj[n°p∂ Ahkcw kwPmXamIp∂p. DdptKzXe Icmdn\p
tijw BtKmfXeØn¬ Im¿jntIm¬∏∂ßfpsS hnebn¬ h≥
h¿≤\hp≠mbn´p≠v. `£y Im¿jnI kwLS\ (FAO) bpsS £y
hne kqNnI 2002 ¬ 89.9 Bbncp∂Xv 2012 ¬ 211.8 Bbn Db¿∂n´p≠v.
DdptKzXe Icmdn\\pkcn®v hn]Wn e£yan´p≈
Im¿jntIm¬∏∂߃°p≈ klmbw hym]mcsØ _m[n°p∂Xn\m¬
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 50
Amber box emWv s∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. am{Xa√ Amber box k_vkoUn
G‰hpw Xmsg X´nemWv Xn´s∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. hnIkzc
cmPyßfnenXv Im¿jntIm¬∏∂Øns‚ hnebpsS 10% hpw hnIknX
cmPyßfn¬ 5% hpamWv. Ct∏mƒ \nehnep≈ hnebpw,
s]mXphn]Wnbnte°v tiJcn°p∂ hnebpw XΩnep≈ A¥csØ
samØw Dev ] mZ\hpambn KpWn®mWv Amber box eqsSbp≈
klmbØn\v am\ZWv U w IW°m°nbncp∂Xv . Ct∏mgp≈
hneb\pkcn®v CXn¬ am‰w hcptØ≠nbncn°p∂p.
_menbn¬ sh®v \S∂ N¿®Iƒ Im¿jnI taJebpsS
hnIk\Øn\pXIm≥ C¥ybv°v Xmsg sImSpØncn°p∂
\n¿t±i߃ KpWIcamIpw.
1. Im¿jnI k_vkoUnbpsS ImcyØn¬ hnIknX cmPyßfpw
hnIkzc cmPyßfpw XΩnep≈ A¥cw Hgnhm°Ww.
2. Im¿jntIm¬∏∂ßfpsS hne t£y[m\yßfpsS
hne°b‰Øn\p B\p]mXnIambncn°Ww.
3. tiJcn® `£y hkvXp°ƒ°\pkcn®mbncn°Ww
k_vkoUn \¬tI≠Xv. adn®v F{X Afhn\v tbmKyX t\Sn F∂
am\ZWvUØn\\pkcn®mIcpXv.
4. tiJcn® `£y[mm\y߃ B y¥c hn]Wnbn¬ £y
kpc£ Dd∏phcpØm\mbn D]tbmKn°m\p≈ \S]Sn kzoIcn°Ww.
temI hym]mc DSºSnbn¬ sNdpInS I¿jI¿°nWßnb
klmb ]≤XnIƒ Dƒs∏SpØnbm¬ am{Xsa C¥y≥ Im¿jnI
taJebv°v apt∂dm≥ km[n°q.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 51

 Ubdn ^man¬ \n∂v sshZypXnbpw

NmWIØn¬ \n∂pw tKm_¿ Kymkv D≠m°p∂ kmt¶XnI

hnZy°v ]Xn‰m≠pIfpsS ]g°aps≠¶nepw tKm_¿ Kymkv
D]tbmKn®v sshZypXnbpw knen≠dn¬ compressed ]mNIhmXIhpw
\n¿Ωn°p∂ ]pØ≥ kmt¶XnIhnZy IqSpX¬ hn]pes∏´phcp∂p.
tKm_¿ Kymkv ip≤oIcn®v Compressed Liquefied Gas Bbn
knen≠dn¬ e`yam°p∂ {]{Inbpw hn]pes∏´phcp∂p.
tKm_¿ Kymkn¬ \n∂pw Ipd™ Nnehn¬ sshZypXn
Dev ] mZn∏n°p∂ kmt¶XnIhnZy sh‰dn\dn k¿∆Iemimebnse
bqWnthgvkn‰n ssehvtÃm°v ^man¬ em`Icambn D]tbmKn®p
hcp∂p. Dev]mZn∏n°p∂ sshZypXn ^man¬ Idh b{¥w
{]h¿Øn∏n°p∂Xn\pw CeIv{SnIv _ƒ_pIƒ IØn°p∂Xn\pw
D]tbmKn°p∂p.
25 Iyp_nIv ao‰¿ tijnbpff tKm_¿ Kymkv πm‚mWv
CXn\mbn D]tbmKn°p∂Xv . Znhtk\ 200In.{Kmw NmWIhpw
shffhpw πm‚ntebv°v ISØnhnSpw. πm‚n¬ Dev]mZn∏n°p∂ tKm_¿
Kymkv clarifier hgn ip≤oIcn®v sshZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°p∂ P\td‰dn\p
C‘\ambn D]tbmKn°p∂p. P\td‰¿ {]h¿Øn∏n°p∂XneqsS
aWn°qdn¬ 4 Intemhm´v sshZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°p∂p. Hcp aWn°qdn¬
P\td‰¿ {]h¿Øn∏n°phm≥ 3½ ˛ 4 Iyp_nIv ao‰¿ Kymkv
AXymhiyamWv. πm‚n¬ \n∂pw 2 ˛ 2½ aWn°q¿ t\ctØ°v
Bhiyamb sshZypXn°v th≠ KymkmWv Ct∏mƒ Dev]mZn∏n°p∂Xv.
ImeØpw sshIo´pw ^manse hnhn[ sjUpIfn¬ {]h¿Øn∏n°p∂
1½ HP tijnbpff 2 Idhb{¥ßƒ 4 aWn°q¿ CXneqsSbmWv
{]h¿Øn∏n°p∂Xv.
tKm_¿ Kymkv πm‚n¬ \n∂pff …dn Xo‰]p¬Irjnbv°v
D]tbmKn®phcp∂p. ]®°dn, DZym\Irjn F∂nhbv ° mhiyamb
arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 52
NmWIw DW°ns∏mSn®v 20 Intem, 2½ Intem ]m°‰n¬ hn¬∏\
\SØnhcp∂p.
Hcp tKm_¿ Kymkv πm‚ v IqSn ÿm]n®v ^mantebv°pw
Hm^okntebv°pw Bhiyamb sshZypXn ]q¿Æambn´pw
Dev]mZn∏n°p∂Xn\pff {ia߃ \S∂phcp∂p.
5 ˛ 8 ]ip°sf hf¿Øp∂h¿°v tKm_¿ Kymkv πm‚neqsS
^mapIƒ°mhiyamb sshZypXn Dev]mZn∏n°p∂ k¿∆IemimebpsS
{]h¿Ø\߃ £oc kwcw`I¿°v amXrIbm°mhp∂XmWv.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 53

 £oc-hn-]W
- n-bnse am-dp∂ {]h-WX
- I
- ƒ

temI-Øn¬ ht®-‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]mep-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ C¥y-

bn¬ ]mens‚ D]-t`mKw A\p-Zn\w h¿≤n®p hcp-∂-Xmbn IW-°p-Iƒ
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.- C-hn-SpsØ {]Xn-io¿j- ]m-ens‚ D]-t`mKw 281 {Kmam-
Wv. F∂m¬ C¥y≥ Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v saUn-°¬ dnk¿®v ip]m¿i
sNøp-∂Xv 280 {KmamWv ! £oc kwkv°cW taJ-e-bn¬ Aaq¬, aZ¿
Ub-dn, s\kvte, {_n´m-\nb XpS-ßnbhbpsS hnhn[ {_m≥Up-Iƒ
dos´-bn¬ hn]Wn-bn¬ kpe`amWv.
C¥y≥ £oc-ta-J-e-bn¬ ]pXnb hn]Wn Is≠-Øn-s°m≠v
hntZi Iº-\n-Iƒ {]h¿Ø-\-am-cw`n®p hcp-∂p. ASp-Ø-bnsS km∂n≤y-
ap-d-∏n® {^©v Iº-\n-bmb Umt\m¨ (Danone) Ign™ aq∂v h¿j-
ambn e£y- a n- S p- ∂ Xv cmPy- Ø n- \ n- W - ß nb ]pØ≥ C∂- t h- j ≥
{]mh¿Øn-I-am-°n-s°m-≠mWv ! ]pfn-∏n® ]mep-ev]-∂-ß-fmb ssXcpw,
e nbpw hnhn[ cpNn-bnepw \nd-Ønepw C¥y-°m¿°n-W-ßnb cq]-Øn-
ep≈ Indovation t\mSp IqSn-bmWv Danone hn]-Wn-bn-se-Øn-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. C¥ybn¬ U¬ln apwss_, sslZcm_mZv, ]qs\ tI{µo-I-cn-
®mWv hn]-W\w \SØn hcp∂Xv.
Umt\m-¨ C¥y-bnse h≥InS Ub-dn-Iƒ Gsd-d-SpØp≈ Hu´v
tkm¿knwKv coXn-bmWv A\p-h¿Øn®v hcp-∂-Xv. 33,200 tImSn cq]-bpsS
hn]-Wn-bp≈ ]pfn-∏n® £otcm-ev]-∂-ß-fn¬ Umt\m-Wns‚ hn]-W\
hnlnXw 2513.5 tImSn cq]-bmWv
A¥mcmjv{S GP≥knbmb bqtdm tamWn-‰¿ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂Xv
95% tØmfw BtKm-f- £o-c- hn-]-Wn-bpsS hf¿® 2011-˛2016 Ime-b-f-
hn¬ ]pØ≥ hn]-Wnsb B{i-bn-®n-´m-bn-cn-°pw F∂-XmWv. sh≈w,
]mep-ev]∂ - ß
- ƒ, Ip´n-If- psS t]mj Imlmcw F∂n-hbpambn _‘s∏´
Dev]∂߃ Ch-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 54

 Aaq¬, aZ¿ Ub-dn, s\kvte, {_n´m-\nb F∂nh tI{µoIcn®
hn]Wnbn¬ tIhew aq∂p h¿jw -sIm≠v Umt\m-Wn\v C¥y≥ hn]-
Wn-bn¬ apt∂-dm≥ Ign-™n´p≠v. \yqkn-em‚nse Fonterraow bpw
C¥y≥ hn]-Wn-bnep≠v. sF.-Sn.-kn, dne-b≥kv F∂nh C¥y≥ £oc-
ta-J-e-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-bv°m-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n-em-Wv. cmPyØv ssXcns‚
{]Xn-io¿j D]-t mKw {]Xn-h¿jw 2.3 Intem{KmamWv. {^m≥kn-enXv
25 In.-{Km-apw, P¿Ω-\n-bn-¬ 24 In.-{Kmapw, tlmf≠n¬ 23 Intem-{Km-ap-
amWv. e n, ssXcv F∂nh Huj[ KpW-Ønepw Zl\ {]{In-b-bnepw
ap∂n´p \n¬°p-∂ t{]m_-tbm-´n-°p-I-fm-Wv. tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-tijn
Db¿Øm-\pw, Im≥k¿ t]mep≈ tcmK-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°m\pw t{]m_-
tbm-´n-°p-Iƒ D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂ hn]W\ X{¥ßƒ Ata-cn-°≥, bqtdm-
∏y≥ hn]-Wn-bn¬ hn]p-e-s∏´p hcp-∂XmWv Umt\m-Wns\ C¥y≥
hn]-Wn-bn-te-°m-I-¿-jn-®Xv. Ch¿ IqSp-X-embn e£y-an-Sp-∂Xv 30 tImSn-
tbmfw hcp∂ \Kchmkn-I-sf-bm-Wv. C¥y-°m¿°v Ip´n-°mew sXm´v
`£-W-tØm-sSm∏w ssXcv Ign-°p∂ ioe-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ CØcw Dev]-
∂-߃ hn]-W\w \S-Øm-s\-fp-∏-hpamWv ! C¥y≥ ssXcv hn]-Wn-
bn¬ Aaq-en\v 30% hn]-Wn-bp-≠v. aZ¿ Ub-dn°v 27% hpw s\kvte°v
25% hpw, tKmh¿≤\v 8% hpw, {_n´m-\n-bbv°v 4% hpw hn]-Wn-bp-≈-
t∏mƒ Umt\m¨ CXn-\Iw 5% hn]Wn Iø-S°n Ign-™p. sNdnb
]m°nw-Kn-em-°n-bp≈ ssXcn-\mWv hn]-W\ km[yXtbsd-bp-≈-Xv.
Dev]mZ\ tI{µ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ioXo-I-cn® hml-\-ß-fn-emWv hnev]\
tI{µ-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Aaq-en\v hn]-Wn-bn¬ 3˛5% am{Xw em -hn-
lnXw e`n- ° p- t ºmƒ BtKmf Iº- \ n- I ƒ Dev ] - ∂ - ß ƒ Db¿∂
hnebv°v hn¬°p∂Xmbn Aaq-ens‚ amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-IvS¿ B¿. Fkv.
t_m[n A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Nn√d hym]mc taJ-e-bn¬ hntZi \nt£]w hcp-∂-tXmsS
h≥InS dos´-bn¬ Iº-\n-Iƒ kzImcy {_m≥UpItfmSv Xm¬]cyw
{]ISn∏n°m\p≈ km[yXtbdp∂p. kv I qƒ Ip´n- I sf e£y- a n´v
Fundooz F∂ Dev]-∂hpw Umt\m¨ hn]-Wn-bn-en-d-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Ata-
cn-°-bn¬ tbmK¿´ns‚ {]Xn-io¿j D]-t mKw {]Xn-h¿jw 5.6 Intem-
{Km-an¬ \n∂v 10 In.-{Km-ambn Db¿Øm≥ Ign-™n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ C¥y-
bn-enXv 2.3 Intem-{Kman¬ \n∂v 6 Intem-{Km-ambn Db¿Øm-\mWv
Umt\m¨ e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv.

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 55

 £otcm-ev]∂ hn]-Wn-bn¬ km[y-X-bp≈ ]pØ≥ D¬]-∂-
ßfpambn hntZ- i - I - º - \ n- I ƒ apt∂- d p∂ {]h- W - X bv ° v B°w
IqSptºmƒ C¥ybnse sNdpXpw hepXpamb sXmgn¬ kwcw I¿
hn]Wn e£yan´p≈ ]pØ≥ Dev ] ∂߃ \n¿Ωn®v kzImcy
{_m≥UnwKneqsS hn]WnbnseØn®m¬ am{Xsa C¥y≥
£octaJebv°v IqSp-X¬ apt∂dm≥ km[n°q .

arK-kw-c-£W ^manßv coXn-Iƒ 56