Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Anurag Bhandari
Roll No.: 05103007
CSE, 7th Semester
OS is the interface between hardware and user
All computers need an OS
OSes are used to run applications and control hardware
Popular OSes include Windows, Linux, Mac OSX
Developed in 1991 by a University of Finland student Linus Torvalds.
Basically a kernel, it was combined with the various software and
compilers from GNU Project to form an OS, called GNU/Linux
Linux is a full-fledged OS available in the form of various Linux
Distributions
RedHat, Fedora, SuSE, Ubuntu, Debian are examples of Linux distros
Linux is supported by big names as IBM, Google, Sun, Novell, Oracle, HP,
Dell, and many more
Inspired by the UNIX OS, the Linux kernel was developed as a clone of
UNIX
GNU was started in 1984 with a mission to develop a free UNIX-like OS
Linux was the best fit as the kernel for the GNU Project
Linux kernel was passed onto many interested developers throughout the
Internet
Linux today is a result of efforts of thousands of individuals, apart from
Torvalds
Can be controlled through command-line (CLI) or Graphical User Interface
(GUI)
GUI run through Desktop Environments (DE)
KDE, GNOME, Xfce, E17 are popular Des
The GUI interface is easy-to-use and much like that of Windows and Mac
OSX
The CLI is similar to that of UNIX/BSD
Modern languages are cross-platform, like Python, Ruby, Perl, Java
Most Linux distros support these languages and have their runtimes pre-
installed
GTK+ and Qt are widely used to design applications for Linux
IDEs like NetBeans, Anjuta, KDevelop, MonoDevelop, Eclipse are available
for Linux too
Linux is desktop computer ready
Large number of distros targeted at Desktop users are available
Linux desktop distros come with many commonly used pre-installed
softwares
The modern Linux interface is user-friendly and makes the interaction
with computer easy
It is possible to install/run Windows software on Linux
Wine helps run a wide range of Windows applications
Cedega helps run huge number of Windows games flawlessly
Many native games are available, both 3D and 2D
Wine and Cedega help run Windows-only games
Popular games for Linux are: Quake, Unreal Tournament, Counter Strike,
Doom, Cube, CodeRED, Wesnoth, OpenArena, SuperTux, Frozen Bubble,
Medal of Honor, and many more.
Linux is the most used OS on servers
5 out of 10 reliable web hosting companies use Linux
Linux is the cornerstone of the LAMP server-software combination (Linux,
Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python) which has achieved popularity among
developers
Out of top 500 supercomputers, Linux is deployed on 426 of them
16.7% of smartphones worldwide use Linux as OS
Linux poses a major competition to the most popular OS is this segment –
Symbian
Nokia, Openmoko supply Linux on their select smartphones
Linux can be used on a wide range of electronic
devices, like PC, PDAs, Smartphones, iPods, MP3
Players, PlayStation 2 & 3, mission critical servers and
so on…
1983 (September): GNU project was announced publicly
1991 (September): first version of the Linux kernel was released to the Internet
2001 (second quarter): Linux server unit shipments at 15% annual growth rate
2004: Linux shipped on approximately 50% of the worldwide server blade units, and
20% of all rack-optimized servers
2005: Microsoft representatives accuse Brazilian college using Famelix of pirating
Microsoft Windows
2007: Dell announces it will ship select models with Ubuntu Linux pre-installed
2007: Lenovo announces it will ship select models with SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop
10 pre-installed
2007: HP announces that it will begin shipping computers preinstalled with Red Hat
Linux in Australia
2007: ASUS launches the linux-based ASUS Eee PC
2008: Dell announces it will begin shipping Ubuntu based computers to Canada and
Latin America
2008: Dell is shipping systems with Ubuntu pre-installed in China
2008: Acer launches the linux-based Acer Aspire One
Governments of many countries around the world are
shifting to Linux from Windows due to the many
benefits it offer
Countries like India, France, Pakistan, Czech Reppublic,
Brazil, Germany, USA, Austria, Spain, China, and Peru
already use Linux
The widely popular OLPC (One Laptop Per Child)
Project’s XO Laptop runs on Linux
Universities in countries, like USA, Germany,