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16
Heliocentric view.
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Definition of
Length units parsec
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Milky Way
mass
1.8 x 1011 Msun A
1 Msun = 2 x 1030 kg
A globular
cluster
4 Lj
1000 Lj
N
ur wenige Monate, nachdem Al- heutigen Astronomen mit der Erkenntnis kernen gewissermaßen in Mode gekom-
bert Einstein die allgemein re- leben, dass es unzählige dieser Schwer- men sind. Das der Erde am nächsten ge-
lativistischen Gleichungen der kraftfallen im Universum gibt. Grund- legene Zentrum einer Galaxie ist das Zen-
Gravitation veröffentlicht hatte, präsen- sätzlich ist zwischen zwei Arten zu un- trum unseres Milchstraßensystems in
tierte Karl Schwarzschild 1915 eine ers- terscheiden: Stellare Schwarze Löcher rund 25 000 Lichtjahren Entfernung. Aus
te mathematische Lösung. Ebenso ver- entstehen durch den Gravitationskollaps diesem Grund stellt es das beste Labor
blüffend wie ihre Einfachheit war eine eines massereichen Sterns und vereinen dar, um die Prozesse in Galaxienkernen
Vorhersage der Schwarzschild-Lösung: nicht mehr als etwa das Zwanzigfache zu untersuchen.
600 ly diameter
thin gas (10% of usual density)
hot gas ( 106 K)
Sgr A*
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Unsöld
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Galaxies
Fig. 9.— Sloan Great Wall compared to CfA2 Great Wall (which includes the Coma cluster in
the center) at the same scale. The Sloan Great Wall extends from 14h to 9h. It consists of one
strand at the left, which divides to form two strands between 11.3h and 9.8h, which come back
together to fom one strand again (like a road that becomes a divided highway for a while).
Galaxies Galaxies
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astronomie123.npage.de
This map shows all the star systems that lie within 12.5 light years of our Sun. Most of
the stars are red dwarfs - stars with a tenth of the Sun's mass and less than one
hundredth the luminosity. Roughly eighty percent of all the stars in the universe are red
dwarfs, and the nearest star - Proxima - is a typical example.
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Fornax Dwarf:
Discovered at the same time as the Sculptor dwarf galaxy in
1937, it is several times larger than the smallest dwarf
galaxies and contains several million stars. Its stars range in
age from three to ten billion years old. This galaxy also has
six globular clusters orbiting it.
Sagittarius Dwarf:
Lying on the far side of our galaxy this dwarf was discovered as
recently as 1994. It is slowly being ripped apart by our galaxy.
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http://www.anzwers.org/free/
M 31 universe/localgr.html
The universe within 5 Mly: our local group
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Cosmological principle:
On a large scale (> 100 Mly)
the Universe is uniform: homogeneous and isotropic