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Example 1
A centrifugal pump has a 100 mm diameter suction pipe and a 75 mm diameter delivery
pipe. When discharging 15 l/s of water, the inlet water mercury manometer with one
limb exposed to the atmosphere recorded a vacuum deflection of 198 mm; the mercury
level on the suction side was 100 mm below the pipe centerline. The delivery pressure
gauge, 200 mm above the pump inlet, recorded a pressure of 0.95 bar. The measured in
put power was 3.2 kW. Calculate the pump efficiency. (See fig.1)
Solution;
Manometric head = rise in total head
Example 2 (Pipeline selection in pumping system design)
As existing pump, having the tabulated characteristics is to be used to pump raw sewage
to a treatment plant through a static lift of 20 m. An uPVC pipeline 10 km long is to be
used. Allowing for minor losses totaling 10 V2/2g and taking an effective roughness of
0.15 mm because of sliming, select a suitable commercially available pipe size to
achieve a discharge of 60 l/s. Calculate this power consumption.
Discharge (l/s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Total head (m) 45 44.7 43.7 42.5 40.6 38 35 31
Overall
efficiency 35 50 57 60 60 53 40
(per cent)
Solution;
At 60 l/s, total head = 35.0 m, therefore the sum of the static lift and pipeline losses
must not exceed 35.0 m.
Hf=10.48m; hm
Hs + hf +
hm =30.68 (< 35 m) O.K
The pump would deliver approximately 70 l/s through the 350 mm pipe and to regulate
the flow to 60 l/s an additional head loss of 4.32 m by valve closure would be required.
Power consumption P
Pump Characteristics
discharge (l/s) 0 10 20 30 40
Total head (m) 30 27.5 23.5 17 7.5
Overall efficiency (per
44 58 50 18
cent)
Solution;
The ‘system curve’ is computed as in the previous examples; this is, of course ,
independent of the pump characteristics. Calculated system heads (H) are tabulated
below for discrete discharges (Q)
Q (l/s) 10 20 30 40
H (m) 16.53 20.8 27.37 36.48
Note that for this particular pipe system, comparing the relative power consumptions the
parallel operation is more efficient in producing an increase in discharge than the series
operation.
Example 4
Example 4
The pump of Fig 4a.is placed in a 10-in- diameter pipe (f=0.020), 1300 ft long, which is
used to lift water from one reservoir to another. The difference in water surface
elevations between the reservoirs fluctuates from 20ft to 100ft. Plot a curve showing
delivery rate versus water surface elevation difference. Plot also the corresponding
efficiencies. The pump is operated at a constant speed of 1450 rpm. Neglect minor
losses.
Solution;
Plot the pump characteristic curve and pipe system curves for a variety of Δz’s.
Suppose a pump is to pump water at a head of 130ft, the water temperature being 100°F
and the barometric pressure being 14.3 psia. At intake the pressures is a vacuum of 17 in
Hg and the velocity is 12 fps. What are the values of NPSH and σ?
Solution;
Example 6
A pump is delivering 7500 gpm of water at 140° F at a head of 240 ft, and the
barometric pressure is 13.8 psia. Determine the reading on a pressure gage in inches of
mercury vacuum at the suction flange when cavitation is incipient. Assume the suction
pipe diameter equals 2 ft and neglect the effects of prerotation. Take σc=0.085
Solution;
Example 7
Water is being pumped from a reservoir to the top of a hill, where it is discharged, as
shown in Fig. The pump, which is 70 % efficient, is rated at 150kW. Find the flow rate
at which water is being discharged from the pipe. Neglect minor losses
Solution;
Assume
This solution was based on the assumed value of f of 0.018. However, the value of f is
dependent on the Reynolds number and relative roughness. Therefore a new value of f
should be determined based on the computed value of Q of 0.254 m3/s.
From Fig, f=0.018. Hence, the computed flow rate of 0.254 m3/s is correct.
Example 8
Oil with a specific gravity of 0.87 is being pumped from a lower reservoir to an
elevated tank as shown in Fig. The pump in the system is 78% efficient and is rated at
185 KW. Determine the flow rate of the oil in the pipe if the total head loss from point 1
to 2 is 12 of oil.
Solution;