GATE SOLUTIONS

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

From (1991 - 2017)

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IES MASTER PUBLICATION
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Second Edition : 2017

Typeset at : IES Master Publication, New Delhi-110016

 PREFACE

It is an immense pleasure to present topic wise previous years solved paper of GATE Exam.
This booklet has come out after long observation and detailed interaction with the students
preparing for GATE exam and includes detailed explanation to all questions. The approach has
been to provide explanation in such a way that just by going through the solutions, students will
be able to understand the basic concepts and will apply these concepts in solving other questions
that might be asked in future exams.

GATE exam now a days has become more important because it not only opens the door for
higher education in institutes like IIT, IISC, NIT's but also many of the PSUs have started inducting
students on the basis of GATE score. In PSU’s, which are not inducting through GATE route, the
questions in their exams are asked from GATE previous year papers. Thus, availability of authentic
solutions to the students is the need of the day. Towards this end this booklet becomes
indispensable.

I am thankful to IES master team without whose support, I don't think, this book could have been
flawlessly produced.

Every care has been taken to bring an error free book. However comments for future improvement
are most welcome.

Mr. Kanchan Kumar Thakur

Director Ex-IES
 CONTENTS

1. Power Systems ................................................................................... 01 – 120

2. Electrical Machines ............................................................................ 121– 240

3. Power Electronics ............................................................................. 241 – 312

4. Electrical and Electronic Measurements ............................................ 313 – 370

5. Control System .................................................................................. 371 – 472

6. Electromagnetic Field Theory ............................................................ 473 – 506

7. Digital Electronics & Microprocessors ............................................... 507 – 552

8. Analog Electronics ............................................................................ 553 – 636

9. Circuit Theory .................................................................................... 637 – 738

10. Signals and Systems ......................................................................... 739 – 798

11. Engineering Mathematics .................................................................. 799 – 852

12. General Ability ................................................................................... 853 – 885

 Syllabus
Power generation concepts, ac and dc transmission concepts, Models and performance
of transmission lines and cables, Series and shunt compensation, Electric field
distribution and insulators, Distribution systems, Per-unit quantities, Bus admittance
matrix, Gauss Seidel and Newton-Raphson load flow methods, Voltage and frequency
c on tr ol, Pow e r fac t or cor r e c t ion , Symme t r ical c ompon e n t s, Symmet r ic al an d
unsymmetrical fault analysis, Principles of over-current, differential and distance
protection; Circuit breakers, System stability concepts, Equal area crterion.

Contents

1. Generating Power Stations and Per Unit System ---------------- 01–06

2. Overhead Transmission Lines (Line parameters,

Performance of lines, HVDC, Corona, Cables,
Insulators & Distribution Systems) ----------------------------------- 07–38

3. Symmetrical Components and Fault Calculations --------------- 39–62

4. Power System Stability -------------------------------------------------- 63–78

5. Load Flow -------------------------------------------------------------------- 79–93

6. Economic Load Dispatch and Load Frequency Control -------- 94–102

7. Voltage Control and Compensation in Power System -------- 103–110

8. Power System Protection --------------------------------------------- 111–120

 Chapter

Generating Power Stations

and Per Unit System
6.
1
In thermal power plants, the pressure in the
working fluid cycle is developed by
1. A 500 MVA, 11 KV synchronous generator (a) condenser (b) super heater
has 0.2 p.u. synchronous reactance. The p.u. (c) feed water pump (d) turbine
synchronous reactance on the base values of
[GATE-2004]
100 MVA and 22 KV is
7. For harnessing low variable waterheads, the
(a) 0.16 (b) 0.01
suitable hydraulic turbine with high
(c) 4.0 (d) 0.25 [GATE-1991] percentage of reaction and runner adjustable
2. In order to have a lower cost of electrical vanes is
energy generation (a) Kaplan (b) Francis
(a) The load factor and diversity factor should (c) Pelton (d) Impeller
be low
[GATE-2004]
(b) The load factor should be low but
8. Out of the following plant categories :
diversity factor should be high
(c) The load factor should be high but (i) Nuclear (ii) Run-off-river
diversity factor should be low (iii) Pump Storage (iv) Diesel
(d) The load factor and diversity factor should The base load power plants are
be high. [GATE-1995] (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
3. Which material is used in controlling chain (c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
reaction in a nuclear reactor? [GATE-2009]
(a) Thorium (b) Heavy water 9. A three phase star-connected load is drawing
(c) Boron (d) Beryllium power at a voltage of 0.9 pu and 0.8 power
[GATE-1996] factor lagging. The three phase base power
4. In a thermal power plant, the feed water and base current are 100 MVA and 437.38.A
coming to the economiser is heated using respectively. The line-to-line load voltage in
kV is __________. [GATE-2014]
(a) H.P. Steam
10. Base load power plants are
(b) L.P. Steam
(c) Direct heat in the furnace P: wind farms
(d) Flue gases [GATE-2000] Q: run-off-river plants
5. The rated voltage of a 3-phase power system R: nuclear power plants
is given as S: diesel power plants
(a) rms phase voltage Choose the correct answer :
(b) peak phase voltage (a) P, Q and S only (b) P, R and S only
(c) rms line to line voltage (c) P, Q and R only (d) Q and R only
(d) peak line to line voltage. [GATE-2004] [GATE-2015]
 POWER SYSTEM 3
supplied from the above system. For system
base value of 10 MVA and 69 kV in load
1. The synchronous reactance of a 200 MVA, circuit, the value of the load (in per unit) in
10kV, 3-phase, 50 Hz generator is 1.0 p.u. at generator circuit will be -
its own base. Its p.u. reactance at
100 MVA, 20 kV base will be __________. (a) 36 (b) 0.144
[GATE-1997] (c) 0.72 (d) 0.18 [GATE-2006]
2. An industrial consumer has a daily load 8. For the power system shown in the figure
pattern of 2000 kW, 0.8 lag for 12 hrs and below, the specifications of the components
1000 kW UPF for 12 hrs. The load factor is are the following :
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.6 G1 = 25 kV, 100 MVA, X = 9%
(c) 0.75 (d) 2.0 [GATE-1999] G2 = 25 kV, 100 MVA, X = 9%
3. The plug setting of a negative sequence relay T1 = 25 kV/220 kV, 90 MVA, X = 12%
is 0.2A. The current transformer ratio is T2 = 220 kV/25kV, 90 MVA, X = 12%
5 : 1. The minimum value of line to line Line 1 : 220 kV, X = 150 ohms.
fault current for the operation of the relay is
T1 T2
1 Line 1
(a) 1 A (b) A
1.732
Bus 1 Bus 2
0.2
(c) 1.732 A (d) A
1.732
G1 G2
[GATE-2000]
4. A 3-phase transformer has rating of 20 MVA, Choose 25 kV as the base voltage at the
220 kV (star)-33 kV (delta) with leakage generator G1 and 200 MVA as the MVA base.
reactance of 12%. The transformer reactance The impedance diagram is
(in ohms) referred to each phase of the L.V. j0.27 j0.42 j0.27
delta-connected side is
(a) 23.5 (b) 19.6 (a) j0.18 j0.18
(c) 18.5 (d) 8.7 [GATE-2001] G1 G2
5. A 75 MVA, 10 kV synchronous generator has
j0.27 j0.62 j0.27
Xd = 0.4 pu. The Xd value (in pu) to a base
of 100 MVA, 11 kV is
(a) 0.578 (b) 0.279 (b) j0.18 j0.18

(c) 0.412 (d) 0.44 [GATE-2001] G1 G2

6. A hydraulic turbine having rated speed of
j0.27 j0.42 j0.27
250 rpm is connected to a synchronous generator.
In order to produce power at 50 Hz, the
number of poles required in the generator are (c) j0.21 j0.21
(a) 6 (b) 12
G1 G2
(c) 16 (d) 24 [GATE-2004]
7. A generator is connected through a 20 MVA, j0.3 j0.42 j0.3
13.8/138 kV step down transformer, to a
transmission line. At the receiving end of (d) j0.21
j0.21
the line a load is supplied through a step
down transformer of 10 MVA, 138/69 kV G1 G2
rating. A 0.72 p.u. load, evaluated on load
side transformer ratings as base values, is [GATE-2010]

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 4 GATE SOLVED PAPER 1991-2017

:: 1 MARK :: 7. (a) 2. (c)

1. (b) 8. (a) 3. (c)

2. (d) 9. (118.8kV) 4. (b)

3. (c) 5. (d)
10. (d)
4. (d) 6. (d)
5. (c) :: 2 MARKS :: 7. (b)
6. (c) 1. (0.125 p.u.) 8. (b)

A base load plant operates at a high load

factor.
Sol–1: (b)
Sum of individual
2
 KVold   MVAnew  max imum demand
Z(p.u.)new = Z(p.u.)old   Group divesity factor =
   Max imumdemand
 KVnew   MVAold  of thegroup
2
 11  100 Daily load diversity results in reduced
= 0.2     operating expenses.
 22  500
0.2 Sol–3: (c)
= = 0.01 Control rods are used to control the chain
20
Sol–2: (d) reaction in a nuclear reactor. Control rods
In order to have a lower cost of electric are made up of materials having high
energy generation the Load factor should absorption cross section. Such materials
be high. are Boron, Hafnium and Cadmium.
Average load Sol–4: (d)
Load factor = Flue gases coming out of the boilers carry
Peak load
lot of heat. An economiser extracts a part
of this heat from the flue gases and uses
it for heating feed water.
Peak Load
Sol–5: (c)
Load MW

Base Load The rated voltage of a 3-phase power

Sol–6:
Time
To economize generation, the load is
divided into the two parts, base load and
peak load. These two loads are supplied
from seperate plants called the base load
plant and the peak load plant.
Regd. office : F-126, (Upper Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016
system is always rms line to line voltage.
(c)
In thermal power plants, heaters bleed
steam from the main turbine and use it
for feed water heating. The feed water is
heated, put under pressure by feed water
pump and then further heated so that its
temperature approaches and pressure
exceeds that of water in the boiler.
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 POWER SYSTEM 5
Sol–7: (a) 2
 10   100 
 Propeller turbine is a reaction turbine = 1.   .  
 20   200 
suitable for low head and large quantity 1
of water. It is suitable for heads below = p.u. = 0.125 p.u.
8
30m. Sol–2: (c)
 A Kaplan turbine is a propeller turbine Average Demand
with adjustable blades, the advantage Load factor =
Maximum Demand
of adjustable blades being that a Kaplan Average demand in 24 hrs.
turbine operates at high efficiency even 12  1000
under part load conditions. = 12  2000 
24
Sol–8: (a) 12000
= 24000 
Nuclear and Run-off-river plants are the 24
base load plant and Pumped Storage and 36000
= kW
Diesel plants are peak load plants. 24
Note : A base load plant operates at a = 1500 kW
Maximum demand in 24 hrs is given as
high load factor and should be one which
2000 kW
has low operating costs.
Average Demand
The peak load plant operates at a low load  Load factor = Maximum Demand
factor.
1500
Sol–9: (118.8kV) =
2000
Base kVA 3
Base kV = =  0.75
3  Base current,A 4
100  103 Sol–3: (c)
= = 132 kV
3  437.38 The given is a L-L fault
 Actual line to line voltage Here If = 3IR1  3IR2
= (p.u. value) × Base voltage and IR1 = IR2
= 0.9 × Base voltage
Plug setting of the negative sequence relay
= 0.9 × 132 = 118.8kV is 0.2A.
Sol–10: (d) Pick up current = Plug setting × CT ratio
Diesel plants are very costly and thus not
5
used as base load plants. = 0.2 
 1 Amp.
1
Wind plants are intermittent and hence
1 Amp. is the negative sequence current.
they can’t serve as base load plants.
So, If = 3 If 2
Run off river plants are base load plants.
Nuclear plants aren’t turned on/off = 3 1
frequently due to safety and economic = 1.732 Amp.
reasons hence used as base load plants. Sol–4: (b)
 Base impedance on L.V. side

(kV)2 332
Sol–1: (0.125 p.u.) = =
2 (MVA)B 20
 kV old  MVA new 
Zp.u.,new = Zp.u.,old .   .  MVA 
kV
 new   old  = 54.45
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 6 GATE SOLVED PAPER 1991-2017

 Leakage reactance in  (on LV side) (MVA)B (MVA)B

 (kA)B new = 
= 54.45 × 0.12 3.(kV)new 3 13.8
= 6.534  Actual load current, IL  IL pu  (kA)B old
 So reactance per phase = 6.35
pu current on generator side;
In  connection, if the impedance in each
(kA)Bold
arm is Z1, then per phase impedance (i.e.  Ip.u.new = Ip.u.old 
(kA)B new
between phase and neutral) can be
determine by converting equivalent star 13.8
= 0.72 
(Y). 69
= 0.144
Z1
Zph =  Z1 = 3.Zph Sol–8: (b)
3
Given, kVbase = 25kV, MVAbase = 200 MVA
= 3 × 6.534 Per unit reactance of
= 19.6
 200   25 2
j0.09     
 100   25 
Sol–5: (d) G1 =
Xd (in pu) on new base = j0.18
(MVA)new (kVold )2 Per unit reactance of
= X d .old 
(MVA)old (kVnew )2
 200   25 2
G2 = j0.09    
 100   25 
2
100  10 
= 0.4    0.44 p.u.
75  11  = j0.18
Sol–6: (d) Per unit reactance of
 Rated speed of hydraulic turbine = 250  200   25 2
T1 = j0.12    
rpm  90   25 
 Output frequency of generator = 50 Hz = j0.27
If no of pole = P, then Xactual
Per unit reactance of line =
120 f X base
N =
P 150
120 f 120  50 =  200
or P = =  24 2202
N 250
= j0.62
 No. of pole required = 24 Per unit reactance of
Sol–7: (b)
 200   220 2
T1 T2 T2 = j0.12    
IL  90   220 
G
= j0.27
20 MVA 10 MVA Load The impedance diagram of the power
13.8 / 138 kV 138 / 69 kV system is

Base current on load side j0.27 j0.62 j0.27

(MVA )B
(kA)B = j0.18
3 (kV )B j0.18

 (IL = 0.72 is given on 69 kV) G1 G2

(kA)B on Generator side,
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