Chap 2 RRL Final

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Computer Studies Department
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SYSTEMS
2.1 Review of Related Foreign Literature
2.1.1 Cemetery Information System: Sivas City (Tarik Turk Adana Turkey, 2017)
According to Tarik Turk, there is a very rapid flow of population around the world from
rural to urban areas. This movement causes rapid urbanization and urbanization problems and
therefore requires regular urbanization planning (Morova, 2006). This necessity reveals the
importance of the concept of regular urbanization needs, planning, urban management
and information systems. In order to provide more qualified services in the cities, they need
accurate and rapidly accessible data/information within an effective decision support
mechanism. It has emerged that data need to be gathered in a single platform in order to
effectively provide local government services such as transportation, technical infrastructure,
control of social facilities, planning and social assistance. Local governments needed to create
“knowledge management" and "management facilities" in order to be able to provide their
services effectively and directed them to create their own location based information systems in
order to have the city. Urban Information System (UIS), known as the application of GIS at the
urban level, has begun to be preferred to local administrations in this sense (Kocaman,
2012).Another concept that is as important as the birth and life events of people in nature is
death. As a result, the necessity of managing the cemetery areas in cities correctly and
effectively has increased the importance of the Cemetery Information System (CIS) in the
UIS. CIS; fast, economical and planned decision support system by using the latest
technologies for business and operations related to the management and use of cemeteries,
which is one of the main offices of all municipalities (Kocaman, 2012). CIS is a system that
allows planning of new burial sites, which allows collecting, interrogating and analyzing all data
(existing maps, burial documents, cemetery records, geographical / non -geographical
information, death documents etc.) Found under the Directorate of Cemetery under a single
roof (Ankara r Belediyesi, 2017). With the help of this system citizens, information about their
deceased relatives; they can be accessed from the interactive kiosks kept in the entrance doors
of the cemeteries, as well as on the internet. They can see the locations of the graves on the
screen and take the map output showing the short path routes. The printed output of the
Cemetery Directorate and other related units used in the burial process is also prepared
automatically by this system (Kocaman, 2012).Information can be shared with internal and
external institutions via CIS. Statistical information about the deaths of the deceased persons,
such as the reasons of medical mortality, male and female ratios, age groups, etc., are presented
to the user with graphic or table lay. Cemetery, door, island, parcel, road, green area, grave sites
and family cemetery planning can easily be done and documents for allocation of places can be
given (Kocaman, 2012). In this study, tens of thousands of dead records were entered into the
database through the designed system which is in the cemeteries of the Sivas municipality and
all the new and existing cemeteries to be created, and the locations of the graveyards
were transferred to the GIS environment by using related software. With this study, it is aimed
to realize the following processes in a GIS-based environment as a whole. Presentation of the
municipal services required by the age, shortening time required for finding burials searched and
providing the use of effective time for visitors and municipality personals.
2.1.2 Cemetery and Heritage (Dr. Lia Bassa & Dr. Ferenc Kiss, 2010)
According to Dr. Bassa and Kiss, Nowadays more and more burial grounds, gardens of
remembrance turn out to be the target of heritage investigations. We have made a complete
description, identification and virtual mapping of a cemetery with 200 tombs in a village of
Hungary having inhabitants of a national minority. Our aim was to document and testify a
vanishing culture by reinforcing the importance of cemeteries as resources for the interpretation
of a nation’s history. The attention drawn to the existence of national traditions, religion and
customs by finding out the details of the remains of a cemetery can prove us its importance. It is
our aim to preserve this piece of environment and also to enhance the life of the community.
The extension of our research from local buildings to the construction of tombs and the whole
cemetery with its meaningful location within the village is to assist the individuals and groups
working to preserve and maintain local characteristics as well as the cemetery itself through a
heightened awareness of its existence and need to preservation. Cemeteries are also visited for
exercise and relaxation and to study nature and local history. In the Victorian age cemeteries
were considered to be amenities like parks and gardens and were usually designed in a similar
way. Elsewhere they are the final resting place for patriots from a war in which the country has
participated. They can also be historic landmarks and monuments with high artistic value are
erected for the heroes. It is primarily a place to respect and commemorate the people we have
lost. Finally, one of our world heritage sites, the Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (2000) that
got on the list of historic-cultural treasures by stating that the excavated building ensemble
embodies an extraordinarily varied and complex example of early Christian funerary art and
architecture in the northern and western roman provinces. Our research work can contribute to
discover and analyze a new aspect of this and similar sites all over the world.
2.1.3 Map and Database Construction for an Historic Cemetery: Methods and Applications
(Johan Liebens, 2003)
According to Liebens, Accurate maps and databases can be beneficial for research and
management of cemeteries, but such documents have rarely been linked for historic cemeteries.
This paper focuses on the mapping and inventorying of historic St. Michael's Cemetery in
Pensacola, Florida, and on potential applications of the results to other cemeteries. The mapping
involved a global positioning system receiver to establish reference points and a total station
survey of individual marked graves, borders, and fences. Grave inscriptions and marker attributes
were recorded on a microcassette recorder and transcribed into a spreadsheet. All data were
imported into a geographic information system to produce an accurate digital map and database.
The map and database are suited to examine architectural trends and influences, historical social
issues, evolving funerary customs, demographic trends, and cemetery management matters. The
fully interactive map and database are available on the Web and can potentially serve
archaeologists, historians, geographers, genealogists, geologists, forensic scientists, and
anthropologists.
2.1.4 Computer implemented system and methods for mapping using web-based
content (John Begley Geraci, Cory Alfred Forsyth and Steven Berlin Johnson, 2006)
Many online mapping systems (e.g., Google Maps, MapQuest, Yahoo Maps, etc.) provide
an easy way to obtain fast, simple, turn-by-turn directions to many destinations at any time.
Features such as travel guides, sites of interest, airport locators, transportation finders, and other
features make online mapping systems widely used. Typically, online mapping systems display
directions in many formats, which can be downloaded, saved, printed, or e-mailed. Some online
mapping systems have navigation features that allow the user to view direction by zooming in
and/or zooming out in the area selected on the map. Other online mapping systems allow
satellite imagery as well. Although online mapping systems provide an easy and convenient way
to obtain directions using the Internet, they do not have any feature that allows a user to view
thoughts or ideas and exchange information concerning a particular location. There is a need for
online mapping systems and methods that allow a user to view web-based thoughts and ideas
shared about a particular location or a group of locations. Online mapping systems and methods
that allow a user to view and/or post content information about a particular location (e.g., blogs,
wikis, newsfeeds, podcasts, slicker photos, etc.) are needed.Computer implemented systems and
methods for mapping using web-based content is provided. In one embodiment, a computer
implemented system for mapping over the Internet is provided, comprising: a computer for
receiving a map request and a content request from a client computer, the map request including
a request for location-based data and the content request including a request for Internet
content associated with the location based-data; the computer having a searching component
to search a database for content associated with a particular location, a filtering component to
filter the content by location and an association component to associate the location-based-data
with the filtered content. In another embodiment, the systems and methods provided allow the
user to view one or more blogs, wikis, newsfeeds, news stories, podcasts, audio files, movie files
and/or photos about a particular location by moving a map display to the particular location.
2.1.5 SEMI-AUTOMATED CEMETERY MAPPING USING SMARTPHONES (Demir, N.
Yogeswaran, N., 2018)
Cemeteries are being considered as a symbol of love, religion, and culture across the
globe. The maps of cemetery and grave are the interest of individuals and communities, who
wants to identify the resting place of their beloved ones. It is also crucial to administrators who
are building and maintaining cemeteries in urban space. Mapping cemeteries and its graves are
complex and challenging since the practices involved in burying and policies for managing are
different in regions. It is challenging for an individual to identify the graves of their beloved in a
cemetery with thousands of graves. This study aims to address this problem by geotagging
individual grave using the smartphone. The developed method allows the user to click pictures
of the grave, add information like name, photo, surname, year of birth and death of the individual
resting, and also enable the user to add a personal message or poem. These pieces of information
are stored along with latitude and longitude are visualized as points on the google map in QGIS
platform. In case of gravestones with a proper inscription, the user can mark its boundary so that
the text embedded can be recognized automatically using the Google Tesseract OCR library in
python environment. The Uncali Cemetery in Antalya had been chosen for this pilot study. The
present framework extracted information with the accuracy of 65 %.
2.2 Review of Related Local Literature
2.2.1 Philippines: Enhancing Community Resource Mapping Through GIS (Aban, 2016)
According to Jose Aban, map is defined as a representation, usually on a flat surface, of
a whole or part of an area. The job of a map is to describe spatial relationships of specific features
that the map aims to represent. There are many different types of maps that attempt to
represent specific things. Maps can display political boundaries, population, physical features,
natural resources, roads, climates, elevation (topography), and economic activities. There are
two basic qualities of a map. These are Map Scale and Geographic Coordinate System. . Map
scale refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding
distance on the ground, while geographic coordinate system is a reference system that uses
latitude and longitude to define the locations of points on the surface of the earth. The overall
objective of this TA is to develop a standardized community resource mapping process in support
to KC-NCDDP’s geotagging and buildup of a harmonized geographic information system of
projects under its purview and to accompanied the current community resource mapping
techniques locally, regionally and globally; to determine the levels of readiness of different LGUs
and communities to adopt a PGIS technique (manpower, trainings, GIS information available,
hardware, software, LGU initiatives); to determine the ICT support infrastructure and
mechanisms-internet connectivity, government initiatives and private initiatives, if any; to

harmonize community-based approaches with national level initiatives. To provide a systematic
technology-based PGIS protocol that can be adopted by communities.
2.2.2 Designing a Visual Mapping Solution for Real-Time Reporting and Monitoring of Dengue
Incidents in Metro Manila (JAM NMA BMOT JMRS MVP, 2013)
As eloquent stated by Jarvin Anthony Marcelo and his team, with the alarming rate of
dengue through the years, the team developed a system that maps and monitors dengue
incidents along with a forecasting and an information section to educate and raise awareness of
the public. There are 5 users: a super user/admin which will watch over the whole system, the
head physician which is assigned per hospital, the medical technicians of the hospital, barangay
officials, and the public. First, the admin of the system will be the Department of Health (DOH).
The DOH will observe the dengue situation in Quezon City and Marikina using the system; and in
the future, the whole Philippines. The DOH is the perfect super user/admin for the job because
they are the authority when it comes to the health of the public which gives them the resources
to act about it. Second, the head physician will serve as the representative for a hospital that is
participating in the Aedes Watch. He will also serve as the admin of the hospital whose role is to
manage the other user accounts which are for the medical technicians. To gain access, the medical
technicians will apply for a user account into the system and the head physician is that one that
will approve the application. Only the Head Physician and the Medical Techs are the ones that can
add dengue cases in the system. The team removed the ability of users to delete cases to preserve
the integrity and accuracy of data. Third, Barangay Officials also has an account so that they can
be informed and track the dengue situation of their barangay. And lastly, the public can see all of
the system’s features other than the ones that are exclusive for the admin, physician, medical
technicians, and barangay official. The admin account for DOH has access to all the features of
the system. It is done so that the DOH can monitor the whole dengue situation of the Philippines.
The Head Physician account also has access to all the features of the system but some functions
like the approval of users and the patient list is limited only to the hospital he is assigned to. Same
thing applies to the barangay official accounts; the access is also limited to his/her designated
barangay. With the help of the Dengue Map, reported dengue cases can now be visualized to help
in decision making. Through this incoming outbreaks can now be identified and mitigated. There
are also reports and charts provided to supplement the function of the Dengue Map. There is a
module called “Aedes Read” which educates the public about dengue, its symptoms, and how to
prevent it. Also, with the help of Ozeki Messaging, stakeholders will be alerted right away if there
is an alarming number of cases have been reported. Twitter is also integrated into the system so
that the public would be informed every time a dengue case has been reported. Lastly, with the
help of the forecasting tool that uses the SARIMA model, it can help predict the dengue trends in
the incoming year. At the end of developing the Aedes Watch Dengue Mapping and Monitoring
System, the team believes that the system was able to address the various issues in that were
found at the beginning of the team’s study. The system was able to address the general issue that
there is currently no real-time information on dengue being conveyed through any channel. The
system is capable of providing real-time data, although it is only able to provide data based on
the cases from the test bed hospitals. Delving deeper into the information available, it was
pointed out that there was data available. However the data available did not show what dengue
string was prevalent. The dengue strings in the cases inputted into Aedes Watch has a dengue
string value together with it. Also, the issue that the public lacks knowledge in detection of
dengue, the system is somewhat able to address this in various ways. First, the Aedes Read
module would allow a system user to learn the symptoms and ways to prevent dengue. Second,
the system makes use of Twitter to inform even more people on the dengue case; this would
direct people to check out the website and may learn more on dengue.
2.2.3 Cemetery Mapping and information system of Pila Public cemetery (Rjay Mantala, 2014)
According to Rjay Mantala, Maps are very useful and important to us. They are used to
locate cities and other places, understand roads and subways, calculate distance between two
places, to know whether there are alternative paths to the same destination and which is the
shortcut. Also, we can get information about mountains, rivers, valleys or any other thing which
may come along the way. Maps are also useful in defining boundaries of the land to define
ownership. Places like houses, farmhouses, mines can be shown on the map. We can also mark
crops, weather reports, direction of wind, and rainfall on the maps. Government needs the map
to keep the records of the owners of real properties.
Before the development of advanced computer and printing techniques, maps were drawn by
hand. Today, most mapping is done with the help of computers. The coordinates of every point
are entered into a computer. By feeding new data into the computer or deleting old data, map
changes can be made quickly and easily. Colors can be changed, roads added and topographic
features can be altered. The new map can then be printed easily.
Computer mapping or Geographic Information System (GIS) applications have multiple
uses. Any data that can be associated with a street address or located in space by latitude or
longitude can be mapped. One gets not only a map but also several information that can be
used for analysis and decision making. The need, the problems and the solutions can be
visualized geographically.
With the application of GIS, users can view, understand, visualize and create interactive queries
on a digital map. It also helps people to answer questions and solve problems by the integrated
information linked to the map. Potential new applications for using computer mapping are
being uncovered every day. Various organizations are using GIS in their fields of interest and
also, the management of cemeteries have found benefits in using it.
A cemetery or graveyard is a spatially defined area where the remains of dead people are
buried or otherwise interred. The word cemetery implies that the land is specifically designated
as a burial ground.
Many cemeteries in the past are municipally owned but because of the rapid increase in the
burial population, the public cemeteries became fully occupied and no vacant burial lot became
available to the newly dead. This situation paved the way for privately owned cemeteries.
Cemeteries are a good resource for people researching their family history, or in some cases
for local history. Records and other documents with regards cemeteries are vital for many grave
searchers. They need information as to who and what is in the cemetery but most importantly
where the grave location is.
Cemetery Information Management System or CIMS cemetery software, Names in Stone,
NewCom’s Cemetery Management System and Pontem System are among the many
internationally developed systems. In the Philippines, Manila North and South Cemeteries have
already been using their own cemetery information system.
The general purpose of this study is to determine the ways to improve the current manual
processes of recording, updating and properly adding inquiries such as location of tombs,
availability of tombs, payments and other related matters of deceased in Pila, Laguna Public
Cemetery.
2.2.4 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems in Muntinlupa (Chang K. , 2010)
Chang K. (2010) stated that Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for
storing, managing and displaying both the locations and attributes of spatial features. More
recently, GIS has been used for crime analysis, emergency planning, land records management,
market analysis and transportation planning. And integration of GIS with the internet, GPS
(Global Positioning Systems), wireless technology and web service has found applications in
location-based services, interactive mapping, in-vehicle navigation systems and precision
farming. GIS is not just for specialists. Many use GIS technology on a daily basis even though
people may not be aware of it.
Online mapping is the compilation and publication of Web sites that provide exhaustive
graphical and text information in the form of maps and databases. Online mapping services are
used for tasks such as planning trips, determining geographical positions, finding landmarks and
businesses, obtaining addresses and phone numbers, and plotting storm tracks. In addition to
interactive maps with zooming and recentering functions (these are universal), some services
offer topographical maps, satellite images, weather and climate maps, demographic maps, and
traffic information.
A geographic information system (GIS) let users visualize, question, analyze, and interpret
data to understand relationships, patterns, and trends. Making correct decisions about location
is critical to the success of an organization. GIS software is designed to capture, manage,
analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information. GIS allows us to view,
understand, question, interpret, and visualize the world in ways that reveal relationships,
patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. GIS software helps people
answer questions and solve problems by looking at a data in a way that is quickly understood
and easily shared on a map.
MapQuest.com generates maps and directions on the fly. Its main functions are FindIt,
which let users find businesses in a particular area; Maps, which creates a location map based
on address, city, zip code or longitude/latitude coordinates; and Driving Directions, which
generates a route from Point A to Point B based on as much address information as you can
provide. It'll get people from house to house, city to city or from a mall in Vancouver to an
airport in Florida, and it'll estimate how long it'll take people to get there. MapQuest updates
its information every three months with any new or corrected data that comes in from its
sources.
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking,
and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface. GIS can show many different kinds
of data on one map. This enables people to more easily see, analyze, and understand patterns
and relationships. GIS technology enable people to compare the locations of different things in
order to discover how they relate to each other. GIS can use any information that includes
location. The location can be expressed in many different ways, such as latitude and longitude,
address, or ZIP code. Many different types of information can be compared and contrasted
using GIS. The system can include data about people, such as population, income, or education
level. It can include information about the land, such as the location of streams, different kinds
of vegetation, and different kinds of soil. It can include information about the sites of factories,
farms, and schools, or storm drains, roads, and electric power lines.
A Geographic Information System or GIS is a computer system that allows you to map,
model, query, and analyze large quantities of data within a single database according to their
location. GIS gives you the power to create maps, integrate information, visualize scenarios,
present powerful ideas, and develop effective solutions. GIS is a tool used by individuals and
organizations, schools, governments, and businesses seeking innovative ways to solve their
problems. GIS stores information about the world as a collection of layers that can be linked
together by a common locational component such as latitude and longitude, a postal zip code,
census tract name, or road name. These geographic references allow you to locate features on
the earth's surface for analysis of patterns and trends. Dozens of map layers can be arrayed to
display information about transportation networks, hydrography, population characteristics,
economic activity, and political jurisdictions.

A map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on
a flat surface. Maps present information about the world in a simple, visual way. They teach
about the world by showing sizes and shapes of countries, locations of features, and distances
between places. Maps can show distributions of things over the Earth, such as settlement
patterns. They can show exact locations of houses and streets in a city neighborhood.
The Surrey Interactive Map enables users to view Ordnance Survey and A-Z maps of Surrey
and view locational information overlaid on the map. Users can find a location by entering a
postcode or a road name, then display information about the area, for example the route of a
public footpath.
A graveyard in the city of Muntinlupa has started to use the codes to help commemorate
the deceased, offering more information than found on a traditional headstone. Printed on a
porcelain plate and attached to a small stone, the QR codes can be found in the ground beside
the headstones. Scan it with a smartphone and users are taken to a website of the deceased
showing their photo alongside a summary of their life. The site includes with not just photos
and text but also audio snippets and videos included on the commemorative webpage if
desired. The regular information-poor gravestone may soon be getting a serious makeover with
the inclusion of a smartphone-ready scan able QR code.
GIS benefits organizations of all sizes and in almost every industry. There is a growing
interest in and awareness of the economic and strategic value of GIS, in part because of more
standards-based technology and greater awareness of the benefits demonstrated by GIS users.
The number of GIS enterprise solutions and IT strategies that include GIS are growing rapidly.
The benefits of GIS generally fall into five basic categories: (1) Cost savings resulting from
greater efficiency; (2) Better decision making; (3) Improved communication; (4) Better
geographic information recordkeeping; and (5) Managing geographically.
With CIMS cemetery software, people can rest assured that they have the most powerful
cemetery management system available and that all of data is accurate and up-to-date. Along
with an increase in confidence, you will experience significant time savings when retrieving and
analyzing data. This cemetery software program is an economical tool to effectively manage all
of your records. CIMS excels over the competition in many areas. Its database is
comprehensive, yet flexible, and very simple to learn. Our cemetery mapping technique is also
the best in the industry. All your information is in the database and is linked to a space in a
cemetery. So when you click on a space, the corresponding information appears. Also, when a
burial is added, it is automatically placed on your map - your cemetery maps will never be
outdated again. (CIMS Cemetery Software)
A good records management system will help a cemetery keep track of the burials—gave
location, grave availability, and important information about the occupant. A good system
provides a convenient platform for the management and accessibility of cemetery records.
These cemeteries use software called spatial generations, which helps them manage their maps
and death records. When one of these cemeteries adds or modifies a death record, changes are
sent to Names In Stone—a central repository for burial maps and records. Anytime a cemetery
using spatial generations updates a death record, they can quickly send it to Names In Stone.
Along with the certainty of death and taxes, one can be sure that the death records found
on Names In Stone are as current and accurate as the cemetery chooses and provide information
you won’t find anywhere else. Digitized maps and records are easily backed up and stored off-
site for extra protection. And digitized records are also easily shared online to benefit others
who may not be able to visit in person.
2.2.5 Web and via Phone based management information system with tomb locator in Manila
North Cemetery, Chavez (2011)
According to Chavez (2011), Mayor Herbert Bautista stated that information
technology will continue to be one of the most crucial components of his administration’s
pursuit for effective and participative governance. He also stated that new technology
must be used more and more in improving public convenience in availing of city services,
the goal is for more of our communications to be paperless and for more of our publics
to be able to interact in ensuring services, transparency, and city development.
The Manila North Cemetery has gone hi-tech in its public service on All Saints' Day
and All Souls Day. The cemetery has encoded details of the location of tombs, by section
number, lot number and grave number. Anybody looking for a deceased relative or friend
at the cemetery need only list down the name of the person and the cemetery
management will give information on how to find the tomb. (Ambrocio, 2013)
Nearly everything can go high-tech these days—even locating the tombs of the
departed at one of Metro Manila’s biggest public cemeteries. At Manila South Cemetery,
visitors stayed connected as there were no “dead spots” in the 25-hectare cemetery. But
the service not only enabled access to the Internet via phones and laptops but also
assisted friends and relatives of the departed through a computerized database of those
buried at the cemetery and the location of their tombs. Of the 300,000 to 400,000 people
buried in the cemetery, 90 percent have already been included in the database, cemetery
administrator Daniel Tan told the Inquirer. (Gamil, 2013)
2.3 Review of Related Foreign Studies
2.3.1 GIS-based Muslim cemetery information system (A.R.A.R, A.S.M, W.N.W.R, A.S.M.A,
M.I.A, N.M.M, and N.H.I, 2013)
As eloquently stated by Abdul Rauf Abdul Rasam, Ahmad Safwan Mazlan, Wan
Norhishamuddin Wan Rodi, Ahmad Shazrin Mohamed Azmi, Mohamad Isa Abdullah, Nur
Medeena Mahamood and Nur Hidayah Idris, The current manual registration system applied by
the Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam (MBSA), Jabatan Agama Islam Selangor (JAIS), and local
cemetery visitor in searching death information and grave cemetery location are still operated
manually. This paper demonstrated the potential of GIS, GPS, Google earth and other ICT
technologies in developing a digital Muslim cemetery information system in Section 21, Shah
Alam. This proposed system (Islam-21) was developed based on the standard System
Development Lifecycle (SDLC); i) to conduct user requirements analysis, ii) to design and develop
the system and iii) to test the performance of the system. Although only 57 per cent from 30
respondents strongly agreed the need of the proposed system, the system was essential in
fulfilling the user's requirement particularly in giving grave direction and death information. The
Islam-21 allowed the user to perform database query for grave or death searching, provided user
with map direction of the detailed spatial death information. The future implementation of this
innovative prototype might be increased among the people of Malaysia, thus its functions have
being enhanced by applying interactive and dynamic web-based 3D database information and
visualization for public service improvement
2.3.2 MUSLIM CEMETERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (Farah Dalilah Binti Abdul Rashid, 2014)
Every inch of living thing in this world will face to the death include human, trees, and
animals. The main point that I want to highlight is the death of human being. Malaysia has three
different race that being a symbol to Malaysian which are Malay, Chinese, and India. Each of
different race have their own space of cemetery, own design of grave and own ritual of the death.
There are many cemetery in Malaysia but a lot of cemetery doesn’t being cared well enough for
being a beautiful cemetery and manageable. There are a lot of system that can help people to
organize cemetery well out there but only a little have been exposed in Malaysia such as one and
only online system, E-Pusara that I have found in website of epusara.com. Even that, it only
provided few features and functions and some system is payable. 2 This system is design to
provide a user friendly function to search the corpse easily. Besides that, this system will able to
calculate how many corpse that can fit in a cemetery area or region so that the manager of
cemetery know how much corpse left. This functionality help the manager get ready to find a
new land for new corpse. The title of my project system is Muslim Cemetery Management
System. The purpose of this system is to make the cemetery in manageable state so that it ease
the manager and the community to visit. Instantly, the problem statement of the cemetery
become worst when people or community hard to find some grave when they want to visit.
Besides, the manager hard to manage cemetery due to lack of information about updated or left
available space. To solve this problem, I proposed cemetery management system. The objective
of this system is to provide web based cemetery database management system to enhance
manual searching of grave information. Moreover, it enhances the current cemetery
management by providing total number of grave based on cemetery area. Hence, it also to
provide a platform for report generation. Furthermore, this system is developed using PHP,
MySQL and Apache Server.
2.3.3 Oconee Hill Cemetery: Envisioning a Living Landscape (Judson Sheppard Abbott,
2012)
Oconee Hill Cemetery is an important historic landscape in the city of Athens, Georgia.
However, management issues during the past decades have decreased its relevance to the local
community. This thesis seeks to discover appropriate strategies to improve the current
management approach at the cemetery. In order to do this, the thesis explores important
background information such as the landscape’s historical context, its current management
structure, and current management issues. It also studies the opinions and values of current
managers and cemetery visitors. Finally, it reviews successful management models that other
cemetery management teams have adopted. By overlaying these threads of information, the
thesis isolates a number of appropriate and feasible strategies for Oconee Hill’s future
management. Included in these recommendations are changes to the cemetery’s current

management structure, an increased focus on public outreach, and the adoption of a master
plan. It has a lot of similarities in terms of how they manage the cemetery the said system
includes how they solve the issues regarding the management of cemetery.
2.3.4 Using GIS to Construct a Database and Map Burial Sites: A Case Study of St.
Mary’s Roman Catholic Cemetery, Kinney PA. (Kera Mariotti, 2012)
Cemeteries are the final resting place for most individuals and the marking of the end of
one’s life - literally with a grave marker or in a paper sense through obituaries, death certificates
or cemetery records. These cemeteries provide an important repository of information for a wide
array of scholarship. Scholars have investigated variations in gravestone shapes and iconography
or analyzed dates of death to calculate longevity in a community or time period or to see whether
disease wreaked havoc. And recently, advances in digital data gathering and the capacity to map
complex interrelationships at multiple spatial scales have led scholars to explore the possibilities
of using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to aid in such investigations. This paper is a case
study of such efforts to link GIS and cemetery data, using material gathered from one historic
cemetery in Kinney, PA. After providing an initial overview of scholarship on cemeteries and on
the possibilities of GIS, the paper carefully summarizes the methods used, discusses the data
tables that were compiled, and presents a series of geographical analyses to demonstrate the
range of insights that are of value, not just for this cemetery, but for many cemetery associations
that might find this software useful for management of their records. As such, the information
given is written with two audiences in mind: one a more scholarly formal engagement with data
and its limitations, and the other a broader public, including cemetery groups and genealogists.
2.3.5 INTEGRATING MULTI-CRITERIA MODELS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

SYSTEM FOR CEMETERY SITE SELECTION (Lotfi Sedigheh, Habibi Kiumars, Koohsari
Mohammad Javad, 2009)
According to Sedigheh, Kiumars and Javad the ever increasing urban population growth
has created many implications in land use planning in the most of developing countries.
Traditional methods of spatial planning are still useful, but they need to be upgraded according
to new methodological, technological possibilities and full complexity of spatial planning. The
factors which influence the urban structure and its socio-economic life are countless, and so to
deal with a huge set of data, Geographic information system (GIS) techniques can help to
organize and control the impact of different problems. Urban utilities are the vital elements to
provide comfort and amenity for the residents. Clearly in many cases the inappropriate sitting of
urban infrastructures has decreased the efficiency and sustainability of the cities. Today GIS as
powerful processing means can provide different alternatives for land use planning. One of the
most socio-religious urban land uses in Iran is cemetery. Traditionally cemeteries are located in
the vicinity of a holy shrine or specified by the local authorities. However, these sites are suitable
by the view of people and religious groups but they impose many physical problems such as poor
health conditions or accessibility due to the rapid expansion of the city by the population
increase. This paper attempts to select a right site for a new cemetery in town Sanandaj, as the
old one now has no empty space. The paper applies GIS and Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
techniques to find an appropriate area. The results show that the integrated GIS and AHP model
has a high potential to compare different alternatives by investigating multi-criteria models and
different factors which are involved in an urban utility site selection. The increasing level of
urbanization has created many constrains for urban authorities and planners. Today one of the
major challenges is how to distribute urban utilities with regard to the various land uses and
population density. Obviously to manage and make decisions is not as easy as has been before
the new pace of urban growth in the most of the developing world. One of the valuable
breakthroughs in the field of urban planning is the application of the GIS. Geographical
information system with its multi capacity to integrate; analysis of huge data and information is
a powerful tool to understand the behavior of human settlements. The economic boom of 1970
due to oil export has changed the features of many Iranian cities such as Sanandaj. The city is
one of the important centers of population concentration in the west of Iran which ought its
present form to urban development plans such as master and detailed. The master plan was
designed in response to the population growth and their needs to urban infrastructures. This
plan was provided by Majan Consulting Engineers in 1976 (Housing and Town Planning Center of
Kurdistan Province 1976).
2.4 Review of Related Local Studies
2.4.1 Online Cemetery Management of Heavenly Peace Memorial Garden (Angelica C. Lorenzo
& Diana Mae C. Señorin, 2015)
Cemetery Management is about managing the cemetery by the use of technology. This
system is a powerful data manager that allows the users to track all information about graves,
occupants, buyers, map and sales of the cemetery. The purpose of this system is to lessen the
man power and the time consuming. And to change the current state of technology they use.
Heavenly Peace Memorial Garden is a private cemetery. This institution is started on the year
1990. There are 4000 tombs as of July 2015. Heavenly Peace has a system which uses Microsoft
excel they use it to save and updates the data. The proposed Online System contains the basic
information about the buyer and the information of interment. It also included the information
the contract. In some events, most of the cemetery encountered some difficulties in terms of
locating graves especially on the month of November. And to solve the problem they use
Microsoft Excel to locate the block, lot and section of the missing graves. For the sales the
costumer usually came to the office to inquire about the price of the lots. An Online Cemetery
Management System was proposed to replace the manual locating of graves in Heavenly Peace
Memorial Garden Inc. in order to advance an organized flow of locating of graves instead using
of Microsoft Excel to store the collected information. Since the study involve the proper
recording of information, tracing the location of graves and it to disseminate information
regarding the cemetery. The main objectives of the study is to provide the costumer and the
management an easier way of locating graves, and for the management to help them to reduce
time using manual locating of graves and also to have an easier way of disseminating Information
using an Online System and to help them to increase their sales through this Online System.
Inspire by the advancement of modern technology and the problems regarding locating of graves
that come up to the idea of having an Online Cemetery Management. The researcher gathered
a necessary data to provide an accurate information and for the success of this research.
2.4.2 Geographical Information System for St. Francis of Assisi Memorial Park. (Sherry
Mae Fortunato, 2009)
The proponents aim to provide the St. Francis of Assisi Memorial Park the right feature
to run a memorial park business that needs a system to control a vast amount of information
about the lot they sell, identify the status of their customer that gives more profit, complete the
daily routine transaction faster, provide accurate data, view the memorial park geographically,
and generate accurate reports. In the study of Ms. Fortunato, Sherry Mae A it has a lot of
similarities in terms of providing an accurate data or information about the lot they sell, identify
the status of their customer and view the Memorial Garden geographically and generate report.
2.4.3 Online Information System of Sun wind Resort (Yvonne M. Panganiban, 2014).
Online information system is used for the profitability and efficiency of an organization.
As of press time, most organization is competing with one another neck to neck. In this case,
Information system can act as a competitive advantage of the business. It allows the user to
access, understand and respond to information quickly and effectively. Whenever necessary,
users can get the most accurate information needed to do an activity. Good information system
also offers users a variety of ways to change and present information, as well as performs
different tasks. For business, this capability can change data into useful information that
invaluable for good business success and problem solving. This study focused on how they
manage the resort and how the information disseminates using Online Information System. It
has the same features in how the system manages the resort that has the same aim for the
proposed study.
2.4.4 Development of Online Geographical Information System for J. Bacolod Realty
(Ronald Baldano, 2014)
This study of Mr. Baldano, the system will aim to help the users to fine a safe, beautiful
and low price and lot, while the Online Cemetery Management has the same aim, to have an
efficient way of searching lots. The study aims to develop an Online Geographical Information
System for J. Bacolod Realty that will help the user in searching house and lots in efficient way
with the use of their mobile phones, tablets, laptops or personal computer that has internet
connection. It will also help the users to fine beautiful, safe, and low price house and lot. It makes
easier to compare house and lots and brochure that are found across the web, commercials, and
the flyers given by the people works in the subdivision.
2.4.5 Cemetery Mapping and Information System (John Smith Rosaros, 2016)
Cemetery Mapping and Information System provide information for your cemetery
operations. Since it gives coordinates for specific locations, you can accurately display your sites
in the cemetery with linked data. Data that can be linked to the maps includes interment records,
photos of monuments, the site status interment capacity, etc. This makes it much easier to locate
families loved ones. The GIS cemetery mapping will be successful in the industry because the
people will lessen their time for finding their relatives grave. It can also guide you from there.
This system will help the end-user to know if the dead body is already remove in the grave, If you
want to search the person that been buried in Holy Cross Cemetery you will fill up the form, and
that information you gave to system will be save in the data store. The first thing you’ll see in our
system is the fill-up form. The purpose of the fill-up form is that, our system would be able to
know who you are searching so that the system can give you the right information. After you fill-
up the form you will see the right information about the dead person buried in the cemetery.
This system will help the end-user to have easier way knowing the information about that they
are searching.
2.5 Synthesis of the Study
The primary purpose of this study is to develop a system that will improve the current
manual system of recording, updating and tracking of records in the Municipal Treasury Office
at the Municipality of Dasmarinas. The study will also innovate the printed map of the said
office. With the help of Cemetery Mapping and Management Information System at Panteon
De Dasmarinas Cemetery, relatives of deceased in the said cemetery will able to have a quick
access on the location of graves and the information of deceased.
The synthesis contains numerous fact and representations of the research literature and
studies that emphasized the proposed system. The proponents had collected different resource
materials such as magazines, internet, articles and research works that can support the legality
of the study. The materials had given the researchers various ideas in conducting the study.
The study of Tarik Turk Adana Turkey (2017), Rjay Mantala (2014), John Smith Rosaros
(2016), Lorenzo & Señorin (2015), Chavez (2011) are related to the study Cemetery Mapping
and Information System of Panteon de Dasmarinas Public Cemetery in terms of locating a

specific place. The proposed system is capable of locating a specific grave in a cemetery which
is similar to Locating Urban Cemeteries, Case Study of St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Cemetery,
Kinney PA. (Kera Mariotti, 2012) which locates a suitable urban cemeteries. It is also related to
A GIS-based Muslim cemetery information system (A.R.A.R, A.S.M, W.N.W.R, A.S.M.A, M.I.A,
N.M.M, and N.H.I, 2013) which determines the location of cemetery in order to know its
accessibility.
The study of John Smith Rosaros, (2016) Online Database and Mapping System of Holy Cross
Cemetery and Rjay Mantala (2014) Online Interactive Map of Pila, Laguna Public Cemetery is
also related to the study Cemetery Mapping and Information System Panteon de Dasmarinas
Public Cemetery in terms of locating a place and in handling information on a database wherein
Holy Cross Cemetery are being located and handles cemetery contracts and profiles, while the
other provides an easy searching of establishment and manipulate and maintain a database of
information of the location of the establishments.

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NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114

Computer Studies Department

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SYSTEMS

2.1 Review of Related Foreign Literature

importance of the concept of regular urbanization needs, planning, urban management

accurate and rapidly accessible data/information within an effective decision support

effectively provide local government services such as transportation, technical infrastructure,

“knowledge management" and "management facilities" in order to be able to provide their

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(existing maps, burial documents, cemetery records, geographical / non -geographical

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to realize the following processes in a GIS-based environment as a whole. Presentation of the

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(Johan Liebens, 2003)

archaeologists, historians, geographers, genealogists, geologists, forensic scientists, and

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2.1.5 SEMI-AUTOMATED CEMETERY MAPPING USING SMARTPHONES (Demir, N.

Yogeswaran, N., 2018)

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present framework extracted information with the accuracy of 65 %.

2.2 Review of Related Local Literature

According to Jose Aban, map is defined as a representation, usually on a flat surface, of

objective of this TA is to develop a standardized community resource mapping process in support

to KC-NCDDP’s geotagging and buildup of a harmonized geographic information system of

mechanisms-internet connectivity, government initiatives and private initiatives, if any; to

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harmonize community-based approaches with national level initiatives. To provide a systematic

technology-based PGIS protocol that can be adopted by communities.

Incidents in Metro Manila (JAM NMA BMOT JMRS MVP, 2013)

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to keep the records of the owners of real properties.

Computer mapping or Geographic Information System (GIS) applications have multiple

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also, the management of cemeteries have found benefits in using it.

where the grave location is.

Cemetery Information Management System or CIMS cemetery software, Names in Stone,

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already been using their own cemetery information system.

2.2.4 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems in Muntinlupa (Chang K. , 2010)

location-based services, interactive mapping, in-vehicle navigation systems and precision

people may not be aware of it.

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is critical to the success of an organization. GIS software is designed to capture, manage,

and easily shared on a map.

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display information about transportation networks, hydrography, population characteristics,

economic activity, and political jurisdictions.

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A map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on

the inclusion of a smartphone-ready scan able QR code.

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geographic information recordkeeping; and (5) Managing geographically.

outdated again. (CIMS Cemetery Software)

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who may not be able to visit in person.

North Cemetery, Chavez (2011)

According to Chavez (2011), Mayor Herbert Bautista stated that information

to be able to interact in ensuring services, transparency, and city development.

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administrator Daniel Tan told the Inquirer. (Gamil, 2013)