SIMM

PROVING THEOREMS RELATED TO CHORDS, ARCS

AND CENTRAL ANGLES
MATH 10
GUIDE CARD
Theorems on Central Angles, Arcs, and Chords

1. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding
central angles are congruent.

In ⊙E below, ∠𝑆𝐸𝑇 ≅ ∠𝑁𝐸𝑂. Since the two central angles are congruent, the minor arcs they
intercepts are also congruent. Hence, 𝑆𝑇 ≅ 𝑁𝑂.

If ⊙ 𝐸 ≅⊙ 𝐼 and ∠𝑆𝐸𝑇 ≅ ∠𝑁𝐸𝑂 ≅ ∠𝐵𝐼𝐺, then 𝑆𝑇 ≅ 𝑁𝑂 ≅ 𝐵𝐺.

T B

O
S G
50° 50°
50°
E I
N

2. In a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding
chords are congruent.

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐻
In ⊙ 𝑇 below, 𝐵𝐴 ̅̅̅̅. Since the two are chords are congruent, then and 𝐵𝐴 ≅ 𝐶𝐻

If ⊙ 𝑇 ≅⊙ 𝑁 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐻 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐸 , then 𝐵𝐴 ≅ 𝐶𝐻 ≅ 𝑂𝐸.
 A

T
B N

O
C E

3. In a circle, a diameter bisects a chord and an arc with the same endpoints if and only if it is
perpendicular to the chord.

̅̅̅̅ is a diameter and 𝐺𝑁

In ⊙ 𝑈 below, 𝐸𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ is a chord. If 𝐸𝑆
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐺𝑁
̅̅̅̅, then 𝐺𝐼
̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐼𝑁
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐺𝐸 ≅ 𝐸𝑁.

S
G
U
I

ACTIVITY 1
Determine the reason behind every statement that proves that in a circle or in congruent circles, two
minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding central angles are congruent. Choose your
answer in the word bank below.

Given: ⊙ 𝐸 ≅⊙ 𝐼

∠𝑆𝐸𝑇 ≅ ∠𝐵𝐼𝐺

Prove: 𝑆𝑇 ≅ 𝐵𝐺
 G
B

E I

Proof:

Statements Reason
1. ⊙ 𝐸 ≅⊙ 𝐼
∠𝑆𝐸𝑇 ≅ ∠𝐵𝐼𝐺
2. In ⊙E, 𝑚∠𝑆𝐸𝑇 = 𝑚𝑆𝑇.
In ⊙I, 𝑚∠𝐵𝐼𝐺 = 𝑚𝐵𝐺.
3. 𝑚∠𝑆𝐸𝑇 = 𝑚∠𝐵𝐼𝐺
4. 𝑚𝑆𝑇 = 𝑚𝐵𝐺
5. 𝑆𝑇 ≅ 𝐵𝐺

Word bank

From 4, definition of congruent arcs

The degree measure of a minor arc is the measure of the central angle which intercepts the arc

Given

From 2 and 3, substitution

From 1, definition of congruent angles

ACTIVITY 2
Determine the reason behind every statement that proves that in a circle or in congruent circles, two
minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding chords are congruent. Choose your answer in
the word bank below.

Given: ⊙ 𝑇 ≅⊙ 𝑁 and

̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝐸

Prove: 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑂𝐸
 A

T N
B
O
E

Statements Reason
1. ⊙ 𝑇 ≅⊙ 𝑁
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝐸
2. ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐴 ≅ 𝑇𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ 𝑁𝑂 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐸
3. ∆𝐴𝑇𝐵 ≅ ∆𝑂𝑁𝐸
4. ∠𝐴𝑇𝐵 ≅ ∠𝑂𝑁𝐸
5. 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝑂𝐸

Word bank

Given

Radii of the same circle or of congruent circles are congruent

SSS Postulate

Corresponding Parts of Congruent Tringles are Congruent (CPCTC)

From the previous theorem, “in a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if and only
if their corresponding central angles are congruent.”

ASSESSMENT
In ⊙ 𝐴 below, 𝑚∠𝐿𝐴𝑀 = 42, 𝑚∠𝐻𝐴𝐺 = 30, and 𝑚∠𝐾𝐴𝐻 is a right angle. Find the following measure
of an angle or an arc.

1. 𝑚∠𝐿𝐴𝐾 =
2. 𝑚∠𝐽𝐴𝐾 =
3. 𝑚∠𝐿𝐴𝐽 =
4. 𝑚∠𝐽𝐴𝐻 =
5. 𝑚∠𝐾𝐴𝑀 =
6. 𝑚∠𝐿𝐾 =
7. 𝑚∠𝐽𝐾 =
 8. 𝑚∠𝐿𝑀𝐺 =
9. 𝑚∠𝐽𝐻 =
10. 𝑚∠𝐾𝐿𝑀 =

K L

J M
A

H
G

ENRICHMENT
Determine the reason behind every statement that proves that in a circle, a diameter bisects a chord
and an arc with the same endpoints if and only if it is perpendicular to the chord.

Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑆 is a diameter of ⊙ 𝑈 and

̅̅̅̅ at point I.
perpendicular to chord 𝐺𝑁

Prove: ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐺 bisects 𝐹𝐷

O
H G

Proof:

Statements Reason
1. ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐺 ≅ 𝐹𝐻̅̅̅̅
2. ̅̅̅̅ and
Say O is the center of the circle. Draw 𝑂𝐹
̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐷
3. ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑂𝐷
𝑂𝐹 ̅̅̅̅
4. ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐻 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐻
5. ∠𝑂𝐻𝐹 and ∠𝑂𝐻𝐷 are right angles
6. ∆𝑂𝐻𝐹 and ∆𝑂𝐻𝐷 are right triangles
7. ∆𝑂𝐻𝐹 ≅ ∆𝑂𝐻𝐷
8. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐻 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐻
9. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐺 bisects 𝐹𝐷
10. ∠𝐻𝑂𝐷 ≅ ∠𝐻𝑂𝐹
11. 𝐹𝐺 ≅ 𝐷𝐺
12. ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐺 bisects 𝐹𝐷

Word bank

Radii in the same circle are congruent

Definition of perpendicular segments/lines

Congruent Central Angles Theorem

Given

Reflexive Property of Congruence

Definition of a right triangle

The arcs on either side of G are congruent

HL Congruence

CPCTC

CPCTC

Definition of a segments bisector (H is the midpoint since the segments are congruent on either side of
this point in the same segment)

Through any two points there is one line

Answer key:

ACTIVITY CARD 1:

1. Given
2. The degree measure of a minor arc is the measure of the central angle which intercepts the arc
3. From 1, definition of congruent angles
4. From 2 and 3, substitution
5. From 4, definition of congruent arcs
ACTIVITY CARD 2:

1. Given
2. Radii of the same circle or of congruent circles are congruent
3. SSS Postulate
4. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Tringles are Congruent (CPCTC)
5. From the previous theorem, “in a circle or in congruent circles, two minor arcs are congruent if
and only if their corresponding central angles are congruent.”

ASSESSMENT

1. 90°
2. 48°
3. 138°
4. 42°
5. 132°
6. 90°
7. 48°
8. 138°
9. 42°
10. 132°

ENRICHMENT

1. Given
2. Through any two points there is one line
3. Radii in the same circle are congruent
4. Reflexive Property of Congruence
5. Definition of perpendicular segments/lines
6. Definition of a right triangle
7. HL Congruence
8. CPCTC
9. Definition of a segments bisector (H is the midpoint since the segments are congruent on either
side of this point in the same segment)
10. CPCTC
11. Congruent Central Angles Theorem
12. The arcs on either side of G are congruent

Reference

*Learners module for Grade 10

Internet reference

https://pvphs.pvpusd.net/ourpages/