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MATHEMATICAL EXCURSIONS
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Marco Bitetto
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Coming Attractions reporting with reflection, science fact
and opionion.
By
Dr. Marco Bitetto
TWITTER: @DrBitetto
Another important part of numerical
representation is the use of such non- FA C E B O O K :
terminals as commas and decimal http://www.facebook.com/drmarcobitett
points. Use of these special purpose o
nonterminal symbols help to convey
FA C E B O O K :
the magnitude of the numbers being
http://www.facebook.com/Robotronics
communicated. Anther important sym-
LLC
bol that is quite often used with num-
bers is the minus sign. Use of this sym-
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FA C E B O O K : This incredibly robust, powerful and
http://www.facebook.com/BlindSideStu flexible artificial intelligence program
dios was originally developed under con-
tract for the United States Department
FA C E B O O K :
of Defense project DARPA (Defense Ad-
http://www.facebook.com/Roboshoponl
vanced Research Projects Agency).
ine
This program was originally created in
Utopia Has Finally Arrived with the the worlds very first artificial intelli-
Availability of MAXYMA gence programming languages called
MacLISP. This language was invented
By Dr. Marco A.V. Bitetto
at MIT’s A.I. Laboratory and was de-
signed to run on a Z80 based CP/M80
personal computer system.
For those that are unfamiliar with the ar- The only functionality that this incredi-
ble free software lacks is the ability to
tificial intelligence program called MA-
perform theorem proving. However,
XYMA, it is a public domain program
this is not an unsourmountable obsta-
that has the ability of doing 90% of the
cle at all. Every science, technology
things that MATHEMATICA can do and
and mathematics student is thourghly
is totally and fully user programmable.
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well versed in the art of mathematically cian Analysis, Fourier Analysis, 2D
based theorm proving. plots, 3D plots and best yet Rieman-
nian mappings.
Soon there will even be a version that
c a n r u n o n t h e i PA D P R O a n d All of these capabilities make this a
SAMSUNG GALAXY tablet based mo- most robust, most powerful tool for ap-
bile computer systems that run with plications simulation and analysis in
the iOS 12 and Android based operat- such fields of science and technology
ing systems. as Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math-
matics, Computer Science, Control Sys-
In addition to be capable of performing
tems, Game Theory and Robotics.
all the standard scientific calculation in
a command line mode, MAXYM is addi- So, with all this potential computing
tionally capable of performing live alge- power at your finger tips, why aren’t
braic calculations and also has an on you actively and regularly making use
demand equation editor that instantly of MAXYMA?
pops up upon demand.
MAXYMA and its associated PDF oper-
Moreover, the fully customizable pro- ating manuals can be quickly and eas-
grammable user interface allow its us- ily downloaded from the SOURCE-
ers to preform integral, differential, par- FORGE web-page by going to
tial differential, complex variable, Lapla-
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the http://www.sourceforge.com/MAXY
MA web-page.
Like the irrational numbers, there are
To contact this author go to the below mathematical functions that also pro-
web-sites: duce infinite expansion series of num-
bers.
TWITTER: @DrBitetto
FACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/
drmarcobitetto The two cases in point come from the
infinite expansion series produced by
FACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/
the functions of the Taylor and Mc Lo-
RobotronicsLLC
ren series of infinite expansions.
FACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/
BlindSideStudios
Below are two mathematical equations
FACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/
that represent the Taylor series of infi-
Roboshoponline
nite expansions.
INFINITE EXPANSION SERIES
By
Dr. Marco Bitetto
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Next we see below an example of the To correspond with this author go to
Mc Loren series infinite expansion in the below listed web-sites:
practice.
TWITTER: @DrBitetto
The Taylor series of infinite expansions
FA C E B O O K :
are typically used to compute trigomet-
http://www.facebook.com/drmarcobitett
ric functions (i.e. Sin, Cosin, Tan).
o
FA C E B O O K :
There are also other types of infinite ex- http://www.facebook.com/Robotronics
pansions that are commonly used. LLC
One is the approximating value of Pi
FA C E B O O K :
and the other is an approximating
http://www.facebook.com/BlindSideStu
value of the Lagrange equation.
dios
FA C E B O O K :
Can you work out problems using http://www.facebook.com/Roboshoponl
these infinite series expansions? ine
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FA C E B O O K : Mathematical Aspects of the World
http://www.facebook.com/Nuova-Unive
By
rsita-di-Engegneria-e-Scienza
Dr. Marco Bitetto
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The cases of this regularity that we will later point in time. Whereas, an induc-
be exploring are in the area of passive tor stores current that can be gradu-
electronic devices electrical behavior ally released at a later point in time as
and the mechanical rules that govern well.
gearing operations in all sorts of ma-
chines.
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FA C E B O O K : Numbers Everywhere
http://www.facebook.com/drmarcobitett
By
o
Dr. Marco Bitetto
FA C E B O O K :
http://www.facebook.com/Robotronics
LLC
With the ubiquity of computers in our
FA C E B O O K : world, we often take them for granted
http://www.facebook.com/BlindSideStu and don’t fully realize their full benefi-
dios cial effects.
FA C E B O O K :
http://www.facebook.com/Roboshoponl
Moreover, the IOT (Internet Of Things)
ine
makes these computerized devices
ever more necessary for us to use on
an ever increasing amount of time
throughout the day and night. These
marvels of technology never sleep and
are on called whenever we need them.
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All these marvelous machines turn the They are even able to remotely meas-
world into a stream of numbers that are ure the size of rooms and objects us-
transmitted, memorized and edited ing either LASER pulses, active SO-
upon demand. NAR, or active RADAR pulses.
Our video inputs to these marvelous de- Given all this, it’s no wonder that in-
vices are turned into a stream of binary creasingly the World Wide Web re-
(series of one’s and zero’s) numbers quires ever increasing amounts of net-
that they routinely memorize. work processing power and data stor-
age ability.
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cial media web sites available on the FA C E B O O K :
World Wide Web. http://www.facebook.com/Roboshoponl
ineQUATERNIANS
To correspond with this author go to
the below listed web-sites: By
Dr. Marco Bitetto
TWITTER: @DrBitetto
FA C E B O O K : As we have seen in the past articles
http://www.facebook.com/drmarcobitett that you have read, we know of two
o and three dimensional plottings and
also N-dimensional Reimannian map-
FA C E B O O K :
pings as well.
http://www.facebook.com/Robotronics
LLC
F A C E B O O K : Now you will learn about Hamiltonians
http://www.facebook.com/BlindSideStu and the mathematical work of Hamilton
dios himself.
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Hamiltonians or as they are more com- To correspond with this author go to
monly know as Quaternians are N- the below listed web-sites:
special mappings of points and vectors
that are typically differentiated by color
coding. TWITTER: @DrBitetto
FA C E B O O K :
http://www.facebook.com/drmarcobitett
Like Reimannain point mappings, Qua-
o
ternians make use of imaginary num-
bers to represent each coordinate of FA C E B O O K :
each point. http://www.facebook.com/Robotronics
LLC
FA C E B O O K :
This type of mathematics is ubiquitous
http://www.facebook.com/BlindSideStu
in the field of computer graphics and
dios
computer animation.
FACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/
Roboshoponline
Can you imagine such plottings in your
head?
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FA C E B O O K : and software based attractor neural net-
http://www.facebook.com/Nuova-Unive works all could never exist without the
rsita-di-Engegneria-e-Scienza mathematical ground work that forms
their very rudimentary foundations.
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sine and cosine trigonometric transen- tic definition of a group are any set of
dental operations. numbers that demonstrate closure and
finiteness by use of the defining mathe-
matical operators or mathematical func-
The abstract concept of a set can very tions. Where, simple examples of
crudely be simplistically defined as any mathematical operators are the proc-
collection of numbers whose member- esses of addition, subtraction, division
ship is defined by a set of mathemati- and multiplication. A common and sim-
cal any collection of numbers that can ple example of a function that demon-
be grouped together. Examples are the strates the ability to produce closure is
set of all positive integers, the univer- the pseudo-random number operation
sal set and the null set. Where the set itself.
of all possible integers is exactly what
its name says. The universal set is an
infinite set of all possible number fami- The next and final mathematical ab-
lies (i.e. Real, imaginary, positive num- straction that we shall look at is that of
bers, negative numbers, etc…). mathematical rings. Mathematical
rings are most crudely and simplisti-
cally defined as any collection of num-
This is in contrast to the definition of a bers that demonstrates the property of
mathematical group. A crude simplis- repetitive sequencing in a cyclic fash-
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ioned. Examples of mathematical func- FA C E B O O K :
tions that produce mathematical ring http://www.facebook.com/drmarcobitett
structures are the transendental func- o
tions of sine, cosine and the function
FA C E B O O K :
of pseudo-random number generation
http://www.facebook.com/Robotronics
itself.
LLC
FA C E B O O K :
All of the forementioned mathematical http://www.facebook.com/BlindSideStu
abstractions represent the fundamental dios
ground work of all forms of artificial in-
FA C E B O O K :
telligence based technologies in use to-
http://www.facebook.com/Roboshoponl
day.
ine
To correspond with this author go to
the below listed web-sites:
TWITTER: @DrBitetto
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