PROJECT PART 3

1) think there will be no relation between the two variables. There is no way a person's
height would determine how many candies come in a bag of skittles they buy.
2) Height of the person is the explanatory variable and the number of skittles per bag is the
response variable.

Simple linear regression results:

Dependent Variable: total

Independent Variable: height
total = 63.116326 - 0.0606596 height
Sample size: 86
R (correlation coefficient) = -0.093031197
R-sq = 0.0086548036
Estimate of error standard deviation: 2.5639763

Parameter estimates:

Parameter Estimate Std. Err. Alternative DF T-Stat P-value

Intercept 63.116326 4.6385057 ≠0 84 13.607039 <0.0001

Slope -0.0606596 0.070834323 ≠0 84 -0.85635887 0.3942

Analysis of variance table for regression model:

Source DF SS MS F-stat P-value

Model 1 4.8210275 4.8210275 0.73335051 0.3942

 Error 84 552.21386 6.5739745

Total 85 557.03488

3) No there is not a relationship between the two variables. The correlation coefficient is -.0930
( when we take the absolute value of R it will be .0930). I think the CV is somewhere below 30
(.0361) so there is no significant relationship like I originally predicted. Each bag is packaged
with a certain amount of skittles randomly and is not determined on anyone's height so to say
the two correlate is false.
4) Y( WITH THE HAT) = B1X+B0 is the regression equation. Putting my height and my number
of candies into the equation still does not show any relation so I don't feel like i would use this to
predict how many candies I will have in the next bag of skittles I buy.

5) The R2 is : 0.0086548036 R-squared is a statistical measure of how close the data

is to the fitted regression line.

6) It would not be appropriate for Yao Ming, who is 90 inches tall, to be included in
the correlation of height and candies per bag because he is an outlier in the
population. When considering height and candies per bag they are most likely to
take the average height of everyone and Yao Ming is not near average height.

7) R= .445 ŷ = 0.35588X + 36.50981 CV is 20 0.444

It is a more significant relationship because the R is greater than the CV

PROJECT PART 4

Problem 1: Suppose all of the Skittles in the class data set are combined into one
large bowl and you are going to randomly select one Skittle.
ANSWERS BASED OFF THE SUMS I GOT FROM THE DATA
Red: 1046, Orange: 1066, Yellow: 977, Green: 1029, Purple: 969, Total: 5087
(a) What is the probability that you select a green Skittle? (4 points)
To answer this question, we are going off the total values. And to find the answer,
all we need to know is the amount of Green skittles compared to ALL skittles. Then
it is just a simple random pick! Out of the 5087 skittles, you have 1029 chances of
grabbing a green skittle (1029/5087)ANSWER: .2023 ~~ 20.23% chance.
(b) What is the probability that you select a Skittle that is NOT green? (4 points)
We know the chance of grabbing ONLY a green skittle is .2022, so that means
grabbing any skittle BESIDES green would come be the rest of the percentage. (1 -
.2022 // 100% - 20.22%)
ANSWER: .7977 ~~ 79.77% chance.
(c) WhatistheprobabilitythatyouselectaSkittlethatisredORyellow?(4points)
With OR statements, we don’t really care which one we pick from, as long as it’s
just one of them. So that means that we can just add the percentages between the
two. (1046/5087) + (977/5087)
ANSWER: .3977 ~~ 39.77% chance.
(d) What is the probability that you select a Skittle that is orange GIVEN that it is a
secondary color (secondary colors are green, orange and purple)? (4 points)
What it is asking in this question is to only to a probability of the secondary colors,
or basically to not include RED and YELLOW into the mix. We only want to know the
percentage that are orange out of ALL the SECONDARY colors.
Total of secondarys: 1066 + 1029 + 969 = 3064 Percentage: 1066/3064
ANSWER: .3479 ~~ 34.79% chance.
Problem 2: Suppose you are going to randomly select two Skittles from the bag
YOU purchased.
My bag didn’t have ANY purple, which ruins these questions. So I am going to
choose another bag..
Yellow:1
Red:13 Orange:11 1 Green:14 Purple:7 Total:56
(a) What is the probability that both Skittles are purple if you select them with
replacement? Give your answer correct to four decimal places. (4 points)
Replacement means that after you take one out you basically put it right back in
(replace it) So to figure this out, we just take your overall chance of purple and
multiply it by each other. Multiply it since you want BOTH values to be purple.
(7/56)*(7/56)
ANSWER: .0156 ~~ 1.56% chance.
(b) What is the probability that both Skittles are purple if you select them without
replacement? Give your answer correct to four decimal places. (4 points)
Without replacement now means that we have to find the new percentage after we
take out the one skittle (With the total dropping by 1, and the amount of purple
dropping by 1)
(7/56)*(6/5)
ANSWER: .0136 ~~ 1.36% chance
(c)
Whatistheprobabilitythatthefirstskittleispurpleandthesecondskittleisnotpurpleifyou
select them with replacement? (4 points)
This one follows the same idea as the first one, this time though we are multiplying
it by the chance of it being ANYTHING but purple (Red + Orange + Yellow + Green)
(7/56)*(49/56)
ANSWER: .1094 ~~ 10.94% chance
(d) What is the probability that at least one Skittle is purple if you select them with
replacement? (4 points)
The best way to think of this, is what is the chance that both are NOT purple.
(49/56) * (49/56), once we know the chance that it is NEVER purple. We can take
the total minus the value.
1.00 - (49/56) * (49/56)
ANSWER: .2344 ~~ 23.44% chance
Problem 3: Suppose all of the Skittles in the class data set are combined into one
large bowl and you are going to randomly select ten Skittles with replacement and
count how many are yellow.
(a) List the requirements of the binomial probability distribution and show that this
meets them, including identifying the values for n and p. (6 points)
Trials n = 10,
Independent trials due to the fact they are getting selected with replacement.
Two outcomes possible: yellow or not P stays consistent - 977
(b) What is the probability that exactly 4 of the 10 Skittles are yellow? (4
points)BinomialProbability(.1921, 10, 4) –Doing an online calculator
ANSWER: 0.07951963958
(c) What is the probability that at most 2 of the 10 Skittles are yellow? (4
points)Find the possibility of exactly 0, exactly 1, exactly 2 and add them together.
BinomialProbability(.1921, 10, 0) + BinomialProbability(.1921, 10, 1)
+ BinomialProbability(.1921, 10, 2)
0.11846118735 + 0.28167340129 + 0.30138949343
ANSWER: .7015
(d) For samples of size 10, what is the expected value and standard deviation for
the number of yellow skittles that will be included? (4 points)
n = 10,
Percentage = .1921
Expected Value = 1.921 -- (.1921 * 10)
Deviation = sqrt(NP(1-.1921)) = 1.2158

REFLECTION

What our goal in this class and this project was to understand how to

estimate confident calculations using samples from populations. As you can

see above that is how I got all my skittle calculations ; from a population of

skittles that everyone from the class bought.

This class has better helped me understand the world around me. For

example how to understand how they decide how the presidential election is

going based on samples of who they are voting for from the population of

the U.S. A lot of this project helped me understand how a lot of our statistics

we say in our everyday life ( every so and so american adult is overweight )

comes from some one doing these calculations.

How this project would impact my other classes from here on out is

going to be by understanding concepts better. I have found that I

understand the class test average and how I am doing in that class

compared to everyone else better than I ever have. I could also make a ton

of graphs helping people better understand a persuasive presentation I am

trying to give.

This project also helped me with learning that no matter how

hard something is I just have to figure it out. Even if you don’t do it right the
first time just the fact of attempting you learn a lot and I feel like that

reflected in my test scores. This has been the best I have done in a math

class ever and I am really glad I chose this math over everything else

because I feel it is the most comparable to real life.