SPE

SPE 19479

Quantitative Interpretation of the Surface Dynamometer Card ‘

J.C,Mantecon, WAPEY
SPE Member

Cqyrlght 1989, Sodety of Petroleum Enginsars Inc.

Thb paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Asia-Pacific Ccmferenca bald In Sydney, Australia, 1S-15 SapIembar 19S9.

This papar was aalaotad for praaantatbn by an SPE Program Committee followingrevbw of Informationwntained in an abstract $ubmifted by the author(s). Contanta of the paper,
as praaantad, have not bean reviawed by the society of Petroleum Enginaam and are subjeof to correction by Ura author(s).The material, u presented, does not rwaaaarily reftact
any poaitiin of th6 Soobty of Petroleum En@nw :s, its offkera, or members. Papers presented at SPE meetings are sub#actto publicationreview by EditorialCommittees Ofthe Sooiaty
of petroleumEn~naers. Permbakn to copyla raafrktad to an abetraofof not morethan S00 words.Illuatratbnamay notbe oopiad Tha abstractahwfd cantaincor@cwm aoknMdgmnt
of where and by whom the papar is praaanted. Writs Publications Manager, SPE, ~1.O.Sox SSSS3S,Rkhardsorr, TX 750fJS-3S36.TaIex, 7309SS SPEDN-.

The shape of a dynaniometer

card is dictated by
lLBUU!U ‘“ several factors.
The surfacedynamometercard has been used - pumped speed (H)
routinelyfor itianyyears as an aid in analyzing - pump depth (L)
the performanceof sucker rod pump<ii)gequipment. - stroke of the unit (S)
This is an essential step toward increasing - plunger diameter (D )
profitsby improvingsystem design and - propertiesof the f!uid
rectificationof pumping problems. The present - dynamic effects
paper compilesa series of practicaltools and - frictionalforces
proceduresconcerningquantitativeinterpretation . vibrationalforces
of the surfa:edynamometercard. - pumping unit geometry
Preparationand use of a data sheet and a - abnormalconditionsat the pump
calculationform is covered, emphasizingthe
amount of informationmade availableto the In additionto informationwhich can be gained by
foreman and members of the productionteam. The simply recordingthe polished rod ‘loadover a
form is the outputof a microcomputerbased completepumping cycle the dynamometercard can he
program,designed to quantitativelyinterpret applied to the solution of specific problems
surfacedynamometercards, and has been used
involvingvalve conditions,counterbalance,and
successfullyto diagnose the control pulnping certain other pumping phenomena,just recording
problemsand related operatingcosts, and to
three static loads called TV, SV and CB [Fig. 1].
enhance the learningprocess for trainee personnel
as well as graduate and undergraduatestudents.
The program is one of the tools discussed in the The following informationis obtained:
paper and will be availableon SPE EXCHANGEDISKS
for potentialusers. a) From the magnitude of the load pattern:
The methodologypresentedresults in better
retentionof the information,more accurate PPRi-and MPRL - load stress and load
records,and more effective liaison between field range
productionteams in areas geographicallyfar
removed from computerizedoffices and stipervising Torsional load on the speed reducer
engineers. and prime mover (if the unit’s TFs
are known) - PT.
INTRODUCTION
Proper counterbalance
The dynamometercard is a continuousrecord of the
resultantof all forces acting on the polished rod PRHP (work done by the polishedrod
at any instantduring the pumping cycle with ‘ against the elevationof the fluid
respect to polished rod position [load (ordinate) and against friction)
- displacement(abscissa)diagram). Number of rod load fluctuationsper
crank cycle

b) Interpretingthe distinctiveprofile of
Referencesand illustrationsat end of paper. the card:

!~
.
..-—
Conditionsof the TV and SV
Whether gas or fluid pound exists
avd of what magnitude
Agas locked pump
. Rod failure
Excessivefriction
Whether or not the well is pumped
.
off
Whether the dynamometercard is an
over-travelor an undertravelcard
Many other tests such as pressure testing the
tubing and checking casing flowlinespressure
should be conductedalong with producingthe
~~~a~tercard to obtain a complete picture of
.,
, .
The followingadditionaltests are very helpful.
a) Tubing pressure test (informatioil
normallyrequestedwith the dynamometer
card)
to close the production line
. to start up the pumping unit,
observinathe tirw that the THP
I increase;150 - 170 osi (10-15
Kg/cmc) (1030 - 1170” kPa)
if the tubing pressure increases
with the pump strokes,this
indicatesthat the downhole pump is
in good condition.
If the tubing pressuredoes not
increase,that indicatesthat the
downhole pump is defective,a hole
exists in the tubing, or a leak
exists in the surface equipment.
b) Drainingvalve test: to open the
draining valve - if the leak is small
(whereverthe leak is) the pumped fluid
will pass that point and when the pumping
motion is stopped the fluid will go
ktiard causing a vacuum in the draining
. Gibss
The dynamometercard should list:
the date and hour
. well number
pump size
N, S, and type of unit,
THP and CHP
spring constant and number
fluid level (recordedat the same time)
tubing pressure test
4
4
other relevant information ‘1
An analysisof a pumping well cannot necessarily
be made unless the productionengineer is familiar
with the reservoirdetails, rock and fluid
properties,completiondetails, producinghistory
of the well, field pumping problems,etc.
The dynamometerfurnishes importantinformationin
three major areas:
. loading of the surface equipmentfrom the
polished rod to the prime mover
I - rod loading, and
downhole pump performance
The deeper the well the greater the problem of the
surfacedynamometercard in furnishing information
in the area of bottomholepump performance
(Harmonicsare directly involved in the profile of
the card). [See Fig. 2].
The pump dynagraphwas designed by Gilbertl to
obtain a load-displacementdiagramof the
bottomholepump, thereforeeliminatingthe problem
of the surface dynamametw card in determining
bottomholepump performance.
Indicationof the plunger loading is obtained by
recordingthe stretch in a calibratedlength of
the sucker rods insaediately
above the puisp.
Obviously.this tYDe of bottomholedmamometer
! does no~ succeeddue to the exDensiv;and
iyractfcal operatf~n conditi&s - the r~ string
has to be pulled for each individual-
dynamomet~r
card.
The importantaspect of the pum~dynagrapiiis not
the instrumentitself, it is the bottomhole
dynamometercard-~pumpdynagraphcard)
interpretation,which is essentialto allm and
assist in:
the correct interpretationof surface
dynamometercards
establishingthe basis of the “diagnostic
technique” (col:lputer
analysisof
dynamometercard)
Compu}g$u~@;niqueshave been developedby
md others for rod pumping
diagnostica alysis ~diagnostictechnique)using
the damped w,,veequatio~ as a model of the rod
string.
Through the use of the mathematicalmodel of the
sucker rod system the computerisedanalytical
techniquedevelops a pump dynagraphcard at the
pump (and at any desired point in the rod String)
from ? precise surfacedynamometercard (knowing
depth, unit geometry, pU~pin9 mode, etc).
In recent years PermanentDynamometersand Data
TransmissionDevices have been developedto
automaticallysend dy;lamometerdata to a field
officewhere it can be analyzed.
However,for one reason or another, these methods
are not widely used.

.Practicallyall of the informationnecessaryto
optimize ● sucker rod pumping system would be
availablewith:
. an accurate pump dynagraphcard at the
pump
a precise surface dynamometercard (with
the recommendedlist of data including
fluid level)
It is importantto point out that a computer
analysisof a sucker rod pumping well is not
always necessary. The techniquewas developedto
bridge the gap which arises when visual
interpretationis inconclusiveor when
quantitativedownstrokedata are needed.
No attemptwill be made in this paper to give an
exhaustiveanalysisof surface dynamometercard
interpretation(qualitativeanalysis)all that
will be undertakenis a presentationof a
methodologywhich does not eliminatethe need for
expertisebut does make the proceduremore direct
and less open to individualinterpretation.
It is assumed that the reader is familiarwith
some visual interpretationof dynamometercards.
The program (with data sheet and calculationswork
sheet) i@@ on previouslydeveloped
theorie~ “
THE PROG~
The Surfdynaprog?am calculatesrod stress
loading,surface equipment loading, peak torque,
counterbalance,polished rod horse power, motor
size, system efficiency,volumetricefficiency,
lift Efficiency,torsional effectiveness,economic
inde’t,SV and TV control lines, fluid level from
the card and BHP from the card.
A comparisonbetween ti}etheoreticalvalves of Urf
+ Wf and Wrf and the values calculatedfrom the
diagramwill indicatewhich valve is leaking or
whether there is somethingwrong with the
measurementof the control lines. The program
shows suggestionsin regards to such faults
(possibleleak in the TV, in the tubing or in the
SV) and allows the user to accept or over-ride
these sl,.ggestions.
With a reliable fluid level register from an
acousticliquid level instrumentthe program
calculatesthe specificgravity of the fluid
column, submer~encyof the pump, pump intake
pressureand the ideal pump depth.
The Surfdynaprogram also calculatesthe
instantaneoustorque throughoutthe pumping cycle
(TorqueFactor Method) and torque factors for
every positionof the crank (every 5 degrees and
printingthem every 15 degrees),
Surfdyna is a user-friendlymicrocomputerprogram.
The completeprogram output is shown in AppendixA
to give readers an understandingof howthe
programworks, It includesthe Input datti.
The user can choose to enter every data in eithe;A
Metric or ImperialUnits. The program converts
143
“
the HetriclJnitsto hspericalorvice versa and
prints the data in both Unit Systems. This
permits a very flexibledata entry (a mixtureof
Unit system is very common in field operations)
and familiarisationof the user with both unit
systems. The output data are also printed in both
unit systems.
Surfdynatakes into account differenttypes of
pumpingunits (conventionalair balanced,and
Class III),@rime movers (NormalSlip Motors, High
Slip Motors, Multi-cylindersEngines and Slow
Speed Engines) sucker rods (API grade C and grade
D) and Ser\ice Factors..
ROllSTRESS ANALYSIS
The program calculatesthe stress at’the top of
the sucker rod string which must never be greater
than the allowableworking stress (Hoeke’slsw of
proportionalityofdeformstion to stress).
The maximum allowablerange of stress for a
particulargraiieof rod being used is also
determined(ModifiedGoodman Diagram)which should
not be exceeded. If the design of the sucker rod
is incorrectthe program will print RE-DESIGN
sucker rod string (or decrease N, S or D ). The
program also indicatesrod stress loading
;~~&$ncY through the Hooke (HI) and Goodman (GI)
.
SURFACE EQUIPMENTLOADING
The program calculatesPPRL, HPRL, Load Range and
indicatesthe surface equipment Ioading efficiency
throughthe Load Index (LI ). If the design of the
surfaceequipment (structurecapacity) is
incorrectthe program prints : RE-DESIGN (Decrease
N, S or D or select a unit with greater
structurepcapacity).
TORQUE
The program calculatestwo approximatedvalves of
the peak torque. The PTa which gives an
approximatepeak torque for any type of pumping
unit (many assumptionsunderlie this value) and
the PTwhich gives an approximatetorquo for
Conventionaland Air Balanced Units or C(ass III
(the factor 0.93 assumes a 7% loss in m~chanical
efficiencydue to friction in the structural
bearings). The user can analyze both results.
An accuratemethod for determiningthe
instantaneoustorque throughoutthe pumping cycle
is tbe “torque factor” method. Surfdyna also
offers this techniquewhich requires kr,owledgeof
the continuouswell load (polishedrod dynamometer
card), the unit’s TF, the CBE and the loss in
mechanicalefficiencyof the pumping unit’s
structuralbearings (B).
A step-by-stepprocedurefor determiningthe
torsionalpattern at the crankshaftby theTF
method as it applies to differentgeometries (as
describedin the Lufkin EngineeringHanual10 “and
API Std llE - Pumping linitsll“.
Followingthe procedureaccording to the
particularpumpin~ unit, the use!rmust enter tha
load from the dynamometercard for each 15 degree
==
-. 4 ($WTITATIVE INTERPRETATIONW
positionof the crank. (Surfdynacontemplatesthe
possibilityof entering the dynamometercard data
with adi itlzing tablet. It only needs a few
“ modificatons
1’ in the program).
TheAPI standard IIE requiresmanufacturersof
pumping units to supply to”purchasersstroke and
TF for each 15dsgree positionof the crank. The
user must enter these data. If the TFs are not
availablethe user can enter the pumping unit
geometry (A, P, C, I, K and R) and the TFs are
derived from the geometry of the particularunit.
COUNTERBALANCE
The program calculatesthe ideal and measure:
counterbalanceeffect and prints whether the unit
is counterbalancedor not and the amount of weight
to cdd (underbalanced)or takeoff (overbalanced)
accordingto the circumstances.
MISCELLANEOUS
Accordingto the fluid level recorder and pump
depth the program prints: Increaseproduction
rate (increaseN, S, or Dp) or decrease pump depth
(Is there any leak or gas lock condition?).
Accordingto the TV and SV control lines the
.. programprints: Possible leak in TVortubing$
possibleleak in SVorgas lock condition,or Rod
Failure (it calculatesthe possible depth of the
failure).
I/itha reliable specificgravity of the fluid
column data (G) the program calculatesthe fluid
level from the card. Hith a reliable fluid level
registerthe program calculatesG, submergenceof
the pump, pump intake pressure and BHP from the
card.
I work sheet are avai1able on SPE exchangedisks for
Surfdynawarns that the accuracyof the
calculationsdepends on the accuracyof the fluid
1evel register,G and the measurementof TV and SV
cortrol lines.
The programgenerates also output files.
Surfdynacontemplatesthe possibilityof storing
all the p~.npingunit data in files as that makes
the entry cfdata more simple. That only needs
minor modificationsto the program. Also the
program could be made to generate graph of the
instantaneoustorque versus crank positionquite
easily if required.
Surfdynacontemplatesthe possibilityof
progressivedevelopmentor enhancementof the
programbased on user needs.
This programwas developedon the NEC power mate
IV (IBM PC at compatible)under Quick Basic 4,0 by
Microsoftand PC DOS 3.2.
I THE CALCULAT~ONWORK SHEET
The computergenerated form (output)is
particularlyuseful to field and supervising
engineers. It can be readily availableto the
foremanor any other member of the producingteam
who can be easily trained to make use of the
output.
THE SURFACE DYNAMOMETERCARD SPElsm
The form indicatesevery step in the quantitative
analysisof the surface dynamometercard.
Therefore it can be used as a calculations
worksheet in areasgeographicallyfar removed from
computerizedoffices or by users with a lack of
~computer 1iteracy. [Sea Appendix A].
It ~s self-explanatoryand through the continued
use of the form (or program) inexperienced
personnelcan get expertiseto diagnose and
control pumping problems. It also shows how
inaccuratedata can result in a wrong diagnosis.
The form has a place (under the title of
Dynamometercard) for attachinga copyof the card..
being analyzed. In this place there is a warning
sign emphasizingthe importanceof comparingthe
card with a previous one in order to detect
charges over a period of tfme.
Surfdynaalso offers the possibilityof a
summarizeoutput for presentationto management.
THE DATA SHEET
Accurate records,tests and problem studies are
the responsibilityof each member of the
productionteam.
Consideringthat an analysfs of a pumpingwell
cannot necessarilybe made unless the production
engineer is familiarwith the reservoirdetails,
rock and fluid properties,completiondetails,
producinghistory of thewell” and field wing
problems,the data sheet was designed taring into
account the amount of informationit makes
availablerather than the simplicity(one page) of
the data sheet [AppendixB].
The program, the datd sheet and the calculations
potentialusers.
CONCLUSIONS
The package (Data sheet program and/cr
calculationswork sheet presented in this paper
can be successfullyapp’ led to:
Obtain more accurate records
Accomplisha more effectiveliaison
between field productionteams and
supervisingengineers
Enhance the learning process of trainee
personneland make expertiseavailableto
field operationspersonnelwith a lackof
computer literacy.
Provide a means of better understanding
in interpretingthe surfacedynamometer
card
Analyze quantitativelythe surface
dynamometercard in order to diagnoseand
control pumping problems and related
operatingcosts.
 5. Gibbs, S.G. and Nolen, K.B., “Wellsite
.J!wMwuw
Diagnosisof Pumping ProblemsUsing
A = Oistance from the centre of the Samson Piin
icomputers”,JPT (November1973) 1319-23.
Post bearing to the centrelineof the
polished rod 6. Brown, K.E., The Technologyof Artificial
Lift, PetroleumPublishingCo., Tulse, OK
c= Ilistancefrom the centre of the Samson (1980)24.
Post bearing tot,,= centre of the
equaliserbearing 7. Craft, Holden and Graves, Nell Design,
Drillingand Production,PrenticeHall Inc.,
CB = Counterweightcontrol 1ine (CB = D3) EnglewoodCliffs, NJ (1962).

CBE = Counterbalanceeffect 8. Nind, “J.E. W., Principlesof Oil Well

Production,McGraw-HillBook Co., New York
CHP = Casing head pressure (1981).

I = Horizontaldistance between the 9. Mantecon,J.C., Sucker Rod Pumping,Theory and

centrelineof the Samson Post bearing to Practice,Short Course, UniversityofNSW,
the bottom of the base beams Sydney (1988).

K = Distance from the centre of the 10. Lufki~ EngineeringManual.

crankshaftto the centre of the Samson
Post bearing 11. American Petroleum InstituteStd. IIE.

MPRL = Minimum polished rod load APPENDIXA

PPRL = Peak polished rod load CALCULATIONSWORK SHEET

(SURFDYNAPROGRAM OdTPUT)
FRHP = Polished rod horse power

PT = Peak torque
colfPANY:
—.
R = Radius of the crank
rIEio:—...
Sv = Standing valve
U[LLNM: .-
TF = Torque factor

1
T)~l[
6 HOUR:- . ____ _-
TV = Traveling valve
.-—---——.--—-—-——---- —-
Wf = Fluid load UfU OfITII
. . ------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------------------------- ---
Wrf = Weight of rods in fluid
Pt100UCTION
ROTE (PR):_ Bbl/d _. m31d
KCKNOWLEDGEMENT-
Tu81NGHEf+OPRESSURE(THP): psi _ Kg/cm2
The author would like to thank J.C. Zajackowski
for their contributionto the microcomputerbased FLUIDLEVEL(0): ft tits
program.
BUBBLEPOINTPRESSURE(BPP): — psi —, Kg/cm2
REFERENCES
SWJFIC MAVITY (G): (Hetric: gr/crn3)
1. Gilbert,W.E., “An Oil-Well Pump Dynagraph”,
Drilling and ProductionPrac., API (1936) 94. ——-—-—--—----—-----—-—-.-—
COROOATA
2. Gibbs, S.G., “Predictingthe Llehavimir
of ..................-.-------.........................................
Sucker-RodPumping Systems”,JPT (July 1963)
769-78; Trans., AIME, 228. Kc: ibslins Kg/mm lbs/mm

3. Gibbs, S.G. and Neely, A.B., “Computer MXIHM DEFLECTION

(01): —--— ins mm
Diagnosisof Down-HoleConditions in Sucker
Rod Pumping Wells”, JPT (January1966) 91-!18; HItlIW4DEFLECTION
(02): _. ..- ins -—.— ma
Trans., AIME 237.
COUNTERHEIGNT
CONTROLLINE(0S): —. ins RR
4, Gibbs, S.G., “A General Method for Predicting
Rod Pumping 3ystem Performance”,paper SPE S.V,CONTRCLLINE(04): ins __ m!
6850 presentedat the 1977 SPE Annual
TechnicalConferenceand Exhibition,Denver, T.V.CONTROLLINE(05): ins RR
October 9-12.

I AREAOF TNE CARO (MEA):_ ins2 mm2

1
. .-
lea

.-
.

DES16N MM nmlum 10AD(PPSL)

. . . . . . . . . . - .’---------- . . . . . . . . --------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------------------------- . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PPRL: D1$ [C
TUSIN6 SHE(cIt): in RR
PPR1: lbs Kg
PIMPDEPTH(L): ft a
-~)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PLUNGERDIAMETER(OP): _ in _ Bn,
11 : PPR1/ PPRla
Sa(ll/8):_t,Sb(l) =_t,Sc(718):_ % 11:
Sd(3/4) :. _t,Sd5/8):_i
{LI <I? }
S.F,:Service Factor : ( If 11>1 THENPRINTRE-DESIGN(DecreaseN, S, or E@) or
( (Selecta Unituith > StructureCapacity)~
HIilIHUH
TENSILESTRENGTH(T): psi Kg/cm2

f4AXAL, ROD STRESS(Saws): Psi ._ Kg/cm2

.—— .—. -.——-.-———
CROSS-S[CT
AREATOP RODS(Mop):.—.. in2 cm2 MINIMM 10AO(fIpRL)
—. ................-..............................---------------------
.
MPRL :02 * KC
CROSS-SECT
4REII
BOTTOHRODS(M.):_ in2 .— @
HPR1 : lbs Kg
PIMPINGUNITNAHE: . .. -—.-——
—— -
LOADRANGE(LR) ‘––———–----——---–
.....................................................................
STROKELENGTH(S): in m
lR :“PPRL- HPRL
IW41HUHSTROKElEHGTH(Snax): m LR : lbs _ Kg
—in _._.

lfnxnwm
AILONMIE 10AD(PPRLa):_ Ibs Kg tiO fIANGE INOEY(lRfi----=”——–-—-——
.................-------------
......... .............................

AL1OHA8LETORQUE(PTa):
HAXiHUX in-lbs a.Kg lRI : lR / PPRL
lRI : _.. { lRI~75t? )
PUHPINGUNITTYPE:Clasj111 ~-———— ———--—
STRESSAl TNE TOP (Stp)
.................-..............----------------------------
.........
FlaxUpstrokeTorOuefactor(Tfl),wheneverit occur:- ,
Stp : PPR1/ atop
Hax Downstroke
TorqueF ctor(TF2),wheneverit occur:---- Stp = _- psi . ........ Kg/cR2
---—.-—--—--———-—_-
PUflPIN6
UNITTYPE:Conventional
orAirUlanced COMPARE Saws : Stp
---------------------
...................................---------
....
Santp: Saris
- Stp
ffaxTorqueFactor(TFnax):
__
( If SaWp >0 THENPRINTHOOK[is verified:OK
OIRECTION
OF RDTATION:
( IF Santp<0 THENPRINTRE-OESIGNSUCKERROD STRING ~
( (ordecreaseN, S, or Op) )
STRUCTURAL
UNBALANCE(6):. lbs Kg

COUNTERBALANCE
PHASEANGIE(AHGLE):
----——--—-------—----— ----.---——-------. —-——.-
HOOKEINOEX(HI1
PUMPINGSPEEO(N):C,. SP:! .....................................................................
HI : Stp / Saw
NME PLATEHORSEPOkiER
(HPnp):, HP
HI ‘ _- .... . { Is HI closeto 1 ? )

PRIilE
HOVERTYPE: ------.---..-----—---------.-.---—-. -- —----------------—-----
wms RfiNGE(GOODHON )
---------------------------------------------------------- .....................................................................
OYNMOIIETER C$RO
............-...........------------
................................. Smin: lfPRl
/ Ptop
Smin: _ psi Kg/cm2

Sma: [(.25$ T) + (,5625* Smin))* SF

Sma : psi ,.,,.Kg/cm2
.....— --------------------------- .--.------_.-.-...----—— --
COMPARE Sma : Stp
..................--------
.........................--------
..........
UHENA DYNhHOHETER
CORO IS BEINGANRLIIEO
Smatp: Sma - Stp
IT SHOULDALIWYSBE COMPPREO141TH
A PRFVIOUSONE
IN OROERTO DETECTCHANGESOVERA PIRIOODF TIHE.
( IF Smatp) O THENPRINTEOODHANis verified:OK
{ IF Smatp<0 THENPRINTRE-DESIGNSUC!W ROO STRING \
{ (ordecreaseN, S, or Op) ]

---------------------------------------------------------

146
—-
6MDkwlam (61) POIISIKO RODtlORSEPO#ER (PRNP)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---------------------- ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------
61: up / k W=((W/M) tS$N8ti)/(3W* 12)
61: ( Is 61 closeto 1 ? ) w: —~
Hr : L $ ((3.676* Sa) t (2.904* Sb) + (2.2248 Sc) + (1,634: Sd) +
COUNTERBALANCE
EFFECT(CBE)
---------------------------
...........................-.-..--........ + (1.135$ Se))/ 100
CBE : D3 * [C
Hr : — lbs _ Kg
cBf : lbs — K9

HPh:7,36~10 ”-6: PR*L:G

iOEALcounTER6nLaNcE
(Ci)
-----------
--------
-------------
---------------------
................. HPf:6.25* 10’.7$Na S*Nr
Ci : (ppRLt HPrtL)/ 2
Kg PRHP: HPh t HPf
Ci: . lbs ,_
PRHF: “ HP
—. ..—.——
COHPARE CBE : Ci -——---——.— —-...—-----.___.—__—_
............................................------------------------- HORSEPOWER (HP)
-.----................................------------------------------
.
C8ECi: C8E - Ci
ClassIII Unit
( If CBECi<0 THENPRIHT UNDERBALANCEO:Add : EBHP: PRHP
( IF CBECiJ O THENPRI:ITOVERBALrlNCEO
: TakeOff: \ EngineBrakeHorsePoner(EBHP): HP
( If C8[Ci:0 TH[NPRINT COUNTfRBMWiCID }
Conventional
or Air 8alancedUnit
EBHP= PRHP$1,25
EngineBrakeHorsePower(EBHP): HP

HighSlipffotors
(NEHAO) and SlowSpeedEngines
-— ——— —--— -
———-----.:--------
PEAKTORQUE- APPROXIMATED
VALUE(PTaP);. [anyunlt type] HP : EBHP/ ,8
.................................................----------
.......... HP :
Plap: (S $ LR) / 4 tlraalSlipffotors
(NE!IA
C) and Hulti-cylinoer
Engines
HP : EBNP/ .6
MOTE:Ifany assumptions
underliethisforaula: Hp ,
(1) Theaaxi,uaand~iFiBuD loadoccurat sIid-st
roke -— —--. -—-----------
(2)Tfpaxand lFminoccurat mid-stroke and are : .5 HORSIPONER INDEX(HPI)
.........-...........................................................
(3)C8E : PPR1+ KPRL/ 2
(4)Structural unbalance,B :0 HPI : IIP/HPnp:.
—..
—-- _______
PTap: in-lbs a-Kg Rmm7--—-—–
—. —-—--—--- --—— ______________
APPROXIHAIEO
TORQUEINDIX(TIag)– STROXEEFFICIENCY INOEX(STROEI)
-----------------
...........................------------------
....... ---------
..........------------------------
..........................

nap : PTap/ PTa SIROII: S / $aax

TIap: _—-. — STROEI:
--——-----.---- .---—--—----_ -—------------------
(TIapfl? ) SYSTEhEFFICIENCY INOEX(SEI)
...............-------------
...................................-.--.-
( If Ilap>1 THENPRINTR[-DESIGN(Decrease
S, N, or DB) or )
( (Selecta Unitwith~ ReducerRating) ) Hax Production
Oisplacenent
(MPO): ,1!66* Op.2: S ~ N
MPO : —. BPD m3[d

NOTE:Sp ([ffectiveplungerdisplacement)
=S
..-—--—.——---. -----—------- .-—-.-. —---—- ——.-—— --
PEAKTORQUE(pT)
--------------
............---------
---------
---------
.--------
------- SEI : PR / tfPD
Conventional
or Air talancedUnit SEI :
-------------------------------------------------------------
PT : ((ppRL- Ci) : Tfmax)/ .~3 VOLUMETRIC
EFFICIENCY(Ev)
---------- ... ... ..- ... .. .......... .. .... ..... ... .--------- .. ...... ...

PEAKTORQUE(PT): _ !n-lb J m-Kg PO (PumpDisplacement)

: .1166~.B * S * N * 9P”?
Po : —. BPD — m31d
Class III Ufiit
NOTE:SP / S : ,8
pl : (,5 x ((ppRL: TFI)- (HpRL* TF2)))/ ,93
Ev:PR /PO
PEAKTOR9UE(PT): _. irrlbs m-Kg Ev =
-------------------- -.--— -----------------------------------
—------- ---------------------------------------------------------- LIFTEFFICIENCY (LE)
TORQUEINDEX(TI) ..............----------
.............................................
...........................................................--------
..
LI : (100$ HPh)/ PRHP
TI : PT /PTa : ------- LE : —~
-------------------------------------------------------------
(TI (i? ) TORSIONMEFF[CTMNESS (ITE)
( IF T[ ) 1 THENPRINTRE-DESIGN(OecreaseS, N, or Dp) or ] ......................................................................
{ (Selecta Unittiith> ReducerRating; j ITE : (100:630251 PRHP)/ (PT * N)
 11[: \
Wrfc : W * (1 - (.1278 6))
MOTE:Thahigharthe ITE thamorecff~ctivo theunitgeoeatry
isifi
Wrfc: lb —.. M
convertingthepolishedrod lotd to6 ssoothmdeors idea]torsiontl
10#D.(COHPARIif6
DIFFERENTPUNPINSUIIIT6EDKETRIES)
tkrf :._ lb Kg

Hfc : .433$6 * ((1* Ap) - (.J94t Hr))

ECOHOHICINOEX([1)
...........................................................---------- klfc: lb — K9
EI , 10 “ -7 * ((ppRL* PT * PRHp)/ Lf) Hf:— lb Kg
[1 : lb2-in-HP Kg2-B-HP
Hsuac: 14fct Nrfc
—.
EI nuaber,theaost economicalpuaping
NOTE:By selectingthe 10HeS.t
HSUBC: — lb — K9
systesis defined.
(COMPARINGOIFFERENTPUMPINGUNITGEOtl[TRIES)
Hsua : — lb —–. Xg
—-
( IF Nsuh{HsuRcTHENPRINTHsus(Hsu~c:Possible
leakin TV.or TU81NG)
PUHPSUBMER6ENCY (SU8H)—-—---
..................................................................... [ IF Hrf>HrfcTHENPRINTHrf)Nrfc:Postibleleakin SV or Gas Lock )
( IF Hf:OANO Nrf ( HrfcTNENPRIH1Hf:OMO kfrf(Hrfc:ROD FAILURE )
SLIBH:l-O
SUBII: —. ft m NOTE:The accuracyof thecalculation will dependon theaccuracy
-—--— .- ———. — of the dataof 6 and the measurement
of TV and SV controllines
PUHPINTAKEPRESSURE(PIP)
........--------------
..................................------------- -.-—— .—
POINTOF FAILURE(POF)
PIP: G*su81i~ .433 ...........................--------------------
......................
POF1: (04 * KF) / Ur
NOTE:ThisforaulaassumesCasingHeddPressure(CHP):0
POF2: (04 $ Kc) / 14rfc
ThePointof failureshouldbe betneen:
PIP : -—.- ps.i, Kg/cti2
! ft n
.— -— .—— and —- .ft — B
.-
IOEhLPUHPSUBHER6ENCY (IPS)
.....................................................................
IPS: (2.JI:8 PP)/6 NOTf:The accuracyof tha calculation
willdependon the accuracy
IPS: ft !s of thedataof G and the saasureeent
of TV artdSV controllines

IPO(Ideai
PumpOeBth):0 +IPS : ft. B FLUIDLEVELFROtlCARO(Dg)
.....................................................................
NOTE:If thepump is set at the idealpunpdepthIPO,PIP: BPP Og : (2.31$ (D5 - 04) $ Kc) / (6 * (PP - Ar))
09: ft m
—--- —--——---- --——-
SUBHERGENCY IKOEX(SU8HI) NOTE:The accuracyof thecalculationxilldeper,d on the accuracy
............-............................:------
.....................
of thedataof 6 and the ●easurenent
of TV and SV contrc!lines
SUBHI:SUBM/ IPS or SUBr!I
: PIP/ BPP
SUBHI: .
-———----—----————-.————
SPECIFICGRAVIIYfROH CARD
{IFSUBHI>ITHENPRINTINCREAS[PR (Increase N,Sor Op) OR OECREASEL) ..........-..........................................................
(Is thereanyleak or gas lockcondition? ) G1 : (2.31$ (05 - 04) : Kc) / (O * (AP- ir))
,Gl:

---..--——_--------.--——- .—-------------------- NOTE:Theaccuracyof thecalculation nilldependon theaccuracy

S! CONIRO1LINE
..................................................................... of thefluidlevel register (0) and themeasurement
of TV and SV;

Heightof rodsin fluid(Hrf)

Mrf :04 *k,
If the fluid level register(0) is doubtfulanothernay of
Wrf : -.. — lb — K9 estimating
G is:
------ --—..-.- —.---— -------------------------------
TV CONTROLLINE G2 : (1 - ((0!$ Kc) / Hr))/ ,127
.....................................................................
G2: -
14sum: If t 14rf: 05 ~ Kc
14sum: .. .... .. lb Kg
—--- —..--- .--—---.. -.-— --------- —.----.—.—-
—. BOTTOMHOLE PRESSORE(BHP)FROHCARD
.....................................................................
Fluidload[14f)
bHP ‘ ((i4r
- (04 * Kc))/ Ar) - (((05- 04) * Kc) / AP) +
Hf : (05 - 04) * Kc
t (THP(l. (M / I@)))
Hf : —..– Jb —- Kg
6HP : —— psi — K@2

NOT[: The accuracyof thecalculation will dependon the accuracy

1S ~H[TV OR lUBIHGLEAKING(OESCWING CROOKtOL[N[)7
of themeasurementof TV and SV controllinesand THP,
IS THE SV L[4KING(ASCEHOING
CROOKIOLINE)?
Anotherlimitationof thiscalculation(Agnen’sMethod)is imposed
by frictionlosses.Thegreaterthefrictionlossesthe greaterthe
A comparisonbetneenthecalculated valuesof !4rfandMrftkkfand the
errorin thevalueof BHP.
measuredvaluesfromthediagrao#ill indicate~hichvalveis leaking
or tihether
thereis somethingwrongwiththe isea$urcment
of theCLS,
. ..-—--—----.---. --—-—--——--..--——.-
--- WE
m_.. ----—1s479
-- MAN ------ M NsuTcf!rw
-- ... mm .-..---,,

AeEaMiE ~
POLISHED ROD: _ LENGTH:
DATA SHEET PONY RODS:
LEASE: RODS : _ No:_ %:_
FIELD: RODS ● No:_ %:_ ::—
WIILL : RODS ; ~ No:_ %:_ 1:
DATE : _ RODS ‘ No:_ %:_ 1:
&ARS ; ~ NQ:_ %:_ 1:
~ERVOIR / COMPLETION D~ API ROD No.: GRADE :
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION:
PERFORATIONS : ..
BOTTOMHOLE DEPTH:
CASING SIZE:
I
TUBING SIZE:
PUMP DEPTH :
ANCHORED?:_
STATIC RESERVOIR PRESSURE:
I PUMPING UNI T D~

MANUFACTURER :
e: API CLASSIFICATION:
FLOWING BHP: e: STROKE LENGTH: SPM:
PROWCTIIHTY INDEx: PUMPING TIME (Hrs/D):
RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE: GEOMETRY: A:_ P:_ c:
POROSITY: I:_ K:_ R:
PERMEABILITY: DIRECTION OF ROTATION;
NET PAY: — STRUCT[JRAL UNBALANCE:
STATIC FLUID LEVEL: COUNTERWEIGHT :
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: AUXILIARY WEIGHT:
POSITION:
COUNTERBALANCE PHASE ANGLE:
AIR BALANCE:
PRIME MOVER:
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION:
FLUID SPECIFIC,GRAVITY:
●✚
OIL API:
OIL VISCOSITY:
FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR:
BUBBLE POINT PRESSURE: DATE & HOUR: MODEL:
@: — SPRING: No.:_ CONSTANT:
. . MAXIMUM DEFLECTION:
GAS GRAVITY: e .—
WATER GRAVITY: MINIMUM DEFLECTION:
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION: 3*V. CONTROL LINE:
T.V. CONTROL LINE:
COUNTERWEIGHT CONTROL LINE:
AREA OF THE CARD:
PRODUcTION DETAILS OTHER RELEVANT Information:

GROSS PRODUCTION:
GIL PRODUCTION: I
WATER PRODUCTION:
GOR : GLR: “-
I COMPLETION DIAGRAM

WOR :
FLUID LEVEL:
THP : CHP:
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION:

~UMP DET AILS

API cLASSIFICATION: _
PLUNGER SIZE:
PUMP CLEARENCE~—
PUMP INTERNALS: —
PUMP HOLD DOWN: ——
PUMP SEATING NIPPLE:
OTHER RELEVANT l’NFORMATION:

140
 ,.,.,
:x
,,.,,

‘.’.”+ .:,:.:,: ,:,:,::,:.:...,..

::::.::::.:.7 .

A
C5 03
D4
D~
. w “ ZERO LINE ~ ,
+
06 ~
FIGllRE 1
Surface dynamometer card
showingthe data needed for
quantitative interpretation.

- Reasonablyeffective in
inferring Wtomhole pump
~m from Vlsufl
inspection of the diagram.
In shallow to
medium weils
- valuaMe for determining
rod structural and torque
loads on the surface unit and
prime mover.

- the complex nature of the

elastic rod string make
determination of bottomhole
pump performance bv
In deeper wells I obsewationof the surface
card virtually impossible.

- Vai~lablefor determining
rod structural and torque
loads on the surface unitand
prime mover.

FIGURE 2
Interpretation of the surface
dynamometer card

1s0