1

A
REPORT
ON
SUB-SOIL INVESTIGATION
&
TESTING
For
CONSTRUCTION OF
VETERINARY HOSPITAL
AT KALSIYA
IN DISTRICT SAHARANPUR

CONSULTANT
&
ENGINEERS

PRESENTED
BY
COLUMN CONSULTANT
&
ENGINEERS
(ENGINEERS & CONSULTANTS)
ADD. 3/222,VASTU KHAND
GOMTI NAGAR, LUCKNOW
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Mob: 9415530479
E- mail:up_cce@yahoo.co.in
 3

A
Report
On
Sub-Soil Investigation
For
CONSTRUCTION
OF
VETERINARY HOSPITAL
AT KALSIYA
IN DISTRICT SAHARANPUR

LUCKN

OW

Presented By:

COLUMN CONSULTANT
&
ENGINEERS
ADD. 3/222,VASTU KHAND
GOMTI NAGAR, LUCKNOW Mob: 9415530479
E- mail:up_cce@yahoo.co.in
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INDEX

Item Page No.

1.0 INTRODUCTION 5

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK & LOCATION 5

3.0 PERIOD OF INVESTIGATION & POSITION OF WATER TABLE 5

4.0 SITE INVESTIGATION & IN-SITU TESTS 5 -6

5.0 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST 6

6.0 SAMPLING 7

7.0 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 7

8.0 METHODOLOGY AND REPORT 7

9.0 BEARING CAPACITY CALCULATIONS 8

11.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCULUSIONS. 8

12.0 BEARING CAPACITY FROM SHEAR CONSIDERATION 9 – 12

13.0 BEARING CAPACITY FROM SETTLEMENT CONSIDERATION 12 – 15

ANNEXURES

Item Page No.

1.0 ANNEXURE – I 16 -17

2.0 ANNEXURE – II 17 - 18
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3.0 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR BEARING CAPACITY 18-19

4.0 LABORATORY RESULTS

5.0 BORE LOG CHART

6.0 E- Log P CURVES

7.0 LAYOUT PLAN

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INTRODUCTION:

Construction of VETERINARY HOSPITAL AT KALSIYA IN DISTRICT

SAHARANPUR (U.P.). The construction work is being carried out by construction
agency U.P.R.N.S.S. NIR. PRA. SAHARANPUR. They have assigned the soil
investigation and testing works to our concern M/s COLUMN CONSULTANT AND
ENGINEERS, 3/222 Vastu Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow. The objective of present
investigation is to study the Geotechnical behavior of underneath soil on the basis of
Index properties and based on that; suggest allowable bearing capacity of the soil
under fully loaded conditions.

SCOPE OF WORK & LOCATION:

The scope of work includes carrying out various field tests for obtaining necessary
details and collection of soil samples for laboratory testing in order to have further
information related with the soil properties. The fieldwork consisted of; drilling five bore
holes, extended up to 12.0 m depth from the existing ground level at the site, and then
carrying out necessary tests. Following tests were carried out in the lab: -

1. Moisture content
2. Sieve Analysis
3. Atterberg’s limit
4. Consolidation test
5. Specific gravity
6. Bulk density

PERIOD OF INVESTIGATION & POSITION OF WATER TABLE:

The investigations were carried out in the month of February 2019. The weather was
clear and the approach to the site was clear and smooth. The water table was met up
to 7.30 m depth below existing ground level.
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SITE INVESTIGATION & INSITU TESTS:

The soil investigations work was carried out in two steps .In the first step in-situ tests
were carried out at the site and undisturbed, disturbed and SPT soil samples were
collected. Secondly, these samples were subjected to different tests in the laboratory
to obtain the various soil parameters required for evaluation of bearing capacity of the
soil. In the field, 150 mm nominal diameter bore-hole drilling was carried out with the
help of hand operated auger and casing arrangement in accordance with IS: 1892-
1979. During boring, visual observations regarding the nature of the out coming soil
were made, for having a preliminary idea about the sub-soil strata. Standard
penetration Test was conducted as in-situ test along with Dynamic Cone Penetration
Test, which was also conducted at the site.

STANDARD PENETRATION TEST:

Out of a number of similar tests, this test is one of the most important one conducted
at the site. This test is specially suited for cohesion less soils, that are difficult to be
sampled, and it is extremely useful for reporting relative density and angle of shearing
resistance of cohesion less soils. It may also be used for determining the unconfined
compressive strength of cohesive soils.
The standard Penetration Test (SPT) is conducted in a borehole using a standard split
spoon sampler. The split spoon consists of a Driving Shoe about 75 mm long, having
a steel tube about 450 mm long which could be split into two halves longitudinally
and coupling at the top of the tube about 150 mm long. The inside and outside
diameters of the split tube are 35 mm and 50.8 mm respectively. The test is carried
out by driving the split spoon sampler into the soil by a hammer weighing 65.0 Kg and
falling freely from a height of 750 mm , through the guide rod. Each hammer blow
derives the sampler into the sampler. Number of blows for each penetration of 150
mm of the sampler are recorded in succession till total penetration becomes 450 mm.
Nos. of blows for first 150 mm penetration are discarded considering them as seating
drives. The total number of blows recorded for the last two 150 mm penetration are
added to report SPT number (N), the recorded value of standard penetration number
is corrected for dilatancy corrections as well as overburden correction. The standard
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penetration tests were conducted as per IS:2131-1963 in each bore hole at a regular
interval of 1.50 metres and the values are indicated in the bore log chart attached with
this report.

SAMPLING:

The undisturbed samples were collected at a regular interval of 1.50 metres in each
borehole or at change off strata. The undisturbed soil samples were taken using open
drive sampler having thin walls and internal diameter of 100 mm as per IS: 2132-1981.
After the recovery of the sampler from the borehole they were immediately sealed with
wax properly so as to avoid moisture loss and labeled with all the necessary details
and forwarded to the laboratory for further investigations. Those samples, which
slipped during collection, were not considered for testing. Disturbed soil samples were
also taken at every meter depth of the soil from the general ground level and kept in
polythene bags with details such as depth, borehole number etc. The disturbed soil
samples were tested only for sieve analysis and Unterberg’s limits.

LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS:

The recovered soil samples from the site of the investigations from bore holes were
tested for various index properties as per the various parts of IS: 2720. The test
results are enclosed as Annexure- 02 to this report. The disturbed soil samples were
tested for sieve analysis, Unterberg’s limits, harmful salts etc., while the undisturbed
samples were tested for shear parameters and consolidation properties etc., besides
the index properties. The details of the results are also annexed with this report.

METHODOLOGY AND REPORT:

Bearing capacity of shallow foundations has been worked out on two considerations.
The foundation should be safe against shear failure as per IS: 6403-1981and it should
also be safe against excessive settlement as per IS: 8009 part part – I. The depth of
foundation is governed by IS: 1080-1980. The safe bearing capacity was worked out
on the basis of shear parameters and settlement was evaluated under this loading.
Total settlement was checked so that it remains within the permissible limits.
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BEARING CAPACITY CALCULATIONS:

Bearing capacity calculations, for arriving at safe bearing capacity, have been carried
out on the basis of laboratory results of the soil samples collected from the site. Due
corrections have been made in the recorded standard penetration values (N). The
Bearing capacity calculations have been carried out for Strip / Isolated footings in lieu
of the structures proposed at site.

RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: -

1) The soil strata is comprises of sandy silt (ML) and Silty sand (SM) as per I.S.
Specification.
2) Observing bearing capacity from shear as well as from settlement criteria, it is
revealed that shear failure consideration will govern the design of foundation rather
than the settlement.
3) Water table was met up to 7.30 m depth below existing ground level at the time of
sub-soil exploration below existing ground level.
4) The values of allowable bearing capacity at 1.0m depth below existing ground level
have been evaluated for Strip / Isolated footing of 1.0 m widths and the results are
tabulated below: -

Foundation
Allowable Bearing
Depth (m) Type of footing
Capacity (T/m2)
Width (m)
Strip Footing 8.17
1.0 1.0
Isolated Footing 10.35

Based on the above observations Strip/Isolated footing is recommended at

1.00 m depth. The building should be provided with R.C.C. bends at plinth and
preferably at lintel level.

BEARING CAPACITY FROM SHEAR CRITERIA:-

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V.T.H. Building is proposed at site for which bearing capacity calculations have
been carried out for Strip / Isolated footing placed at 1.0m depth by taking 1.0 m
widths of foundations .The soil characteristics of all the Boreholes were taken into
consideration. However governing value of bearing capacity was found from Bore hole
– 3 and the calculations for the same are produced below: -

Angle of internal friction  =11°

Cohesion c = 0.25Kg/cm2
Unit weight of soil  = 1.75gm/cc
Dry unit weight of soil d = 1.62gm/cc
Void ratio eo = 0.65
’ = tan-1 (0.67 .tan.  ) = 7.378 °
As the value of void ratio e0 is between 0.75 and 0.55 (i.e. between general and
Local shear/failure consideration) therefore the values of bearing capacity factors are
to be based on interpolated values between local and general shear failure on the
basis of void ratio.

Bearing Capacity Factors: -

Shear Parameters  Nc Nq Nr
General Shear failure e0<=0.55 11° 8.880 2.960 1.510
Local Shear failure > = 0.75 7.378° 7.380 1.988 0.816
Interpolated value for e0= 0.65 8.130 2.379 1.163

Water table observed = Met up to 7.30 m

depth below G.L.

Over burden pressure at depth of 1.0 m = 0.175 Kg/cm2

STRIP FOOTING

Taking depth of footing = 1.0 m

Shape factors Sc = 1.0 Sq = 1.0 S = 1.0

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Inclination factor Ic = Iq = i = 1.0

Factor of safety = 3.00

a) When width of footing = 1.0 m

Depth factor dc = 1.243 dq = d = 1.0

Water table correction factor = 1.0

Net Ultimate bearing capacity = 2.448Kg/cm2

Net safe bearing capacity = 0.817 Kg/cm2

ISOLATED FOOTING

Taking depth of footing = 1.0 m

Shape factors Sc = 1.30 Sq = 1.20 S = 0.80

Inclination factor Ic = Iq = i = 1.0

Factor of safety = 3.00

a) When width of footing = 1.0 m

Depth factor dc = 1.243 dq = d = 1.0

Water table correction factor = 1.0

Net Ultimate bearing capacity = 3.107 Kg/cm2

Net safe bearing capacity = 1.035 Kg/cm2

BEARING CAPACITY FROM SETTLEMENT CRITERIA:-

Estimation of Settlement: -
Bearing capacity as obtained from the previous section is tried first as the
bearing pressure to compute the settlement of foundation. If settlement thus obtained
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is excessive, lower values of bearing pressures are tried. The settlement calculation
shown below is corresponding to safe bearing pressure .The soil in the effective zone
below footing level is cohesive soil hence the settlement for cohesive layer has been
computed accordingly.
Soil parameters for settlement calculation from B.H-3 are.

STRIP FOOTING:-
Taking depth of footing = 1.0 m
Width of footing = 1.0 m
Assumed Bearing pressure(Final Trail) = 0.817 Kg/cm2
Thickness of compressible layer Ht =2.50- 1.0 m=1.50 m
Initial overburden at footing level = 0.175Kg/cm2
Compression index Cc = 0.124
Void ratio eo = 0.65

IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT (Si): -

Foundation pressure p = 0.641kg/cm2

Poisson’s ratio = 0.50
Modulus of Elasticity = 210.0 Kg/cm2
Influence factor = 1.20
Immediate settlement = 2.75 mm
CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT (Sc): -
Pressure Increment, p
Influence value for
Initial overburden at mid

Settlement (mm)
Compression Index Cc

Void Ratio eo

height of layer, po
Layer No.

Kg/cm2

Thickness of
stress
(Kg/cm2)

layer(m)

2.50-1.0 0.124 0.65 0.306 0.688 0.441 43.70

I
=1.50 m

Consolidation settlement, Sc = 43.70 mm

TOTAL SETTLEMENT (Sf): -
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Total Settlement = 2.75+43.70 = 46.45 mm

After applying
Correction factor for depth = 1.0
Correction factor for rigidity = 0.80
Final Settlement = 37.16 mm
The settlement is equal than the permitted value of 50.0 mm as per IS: 1904-1986
Therefore Allowable Bearing capacity = 8.17 T/m2

ISOLATED FOOTING:-
Taking depth of footing = 1.0 m
Width of footing = 1.0 m
Assumed Bearing pressure(Final Trail) = 1.035 Kg/cm2
Thickness of compressible layer Ht =2.50- 1.0 m=1.50 m
Initial overburden at footing level = 0.175Kg/cm2
Compression index Cc = 0.124
Void ratio eo = 0.65
IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT (Si): -
Foundation pressure p = 0.861kg/cm2
Poisson’s ratio = 0.50
Modulus of Elasticity = 210.0 Kg/cm2
Influence factor = 0.95
Immediate settlement = 2.92 mm
CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT (Sc): -
Pressure Increment, p
Influence value for
Initial overburden at mid

Settlement (mm)
Compression Index Cc

Void Ratio eo

height of layer, po
Layer No.

Kg/cm2

Thickness of
stress
(Kg/cm2)

layer(m)

2.50-1.0 0.124 0.65 0.306 0.688 0.592 52.70

I
=1.50 m
Consolidation settlement, Sc = 52.70 mm
TOTAL SETTLEMENT (Sf): -
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Total Settlement = 2.92+52.70 = 55.62 mm

After applying
Correction factor for depth = 1.0
Correction factor for rigidity = 0.80
Final Settlement = 44.50 mm
The settlement is equal than the permitted value of 50.0 mm as per IS: 1904-1986
Therefore Allowable Bearing capacity = 10.35 T/m2

ANNEXURE – I
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The formula, as prescribed in para 5.1.2 of IS: 6403, is used for determination of
Ultimate Net bearing Capacity on the basis of shear failure criteria: -
a) In case of general Shear failure: -
qd = C.Nc.Sc.dc.ic.+ q.(Nq – 1)Sq.dq.iq.+ 0.5 B..N.S.d.i.W’
b) In case of local Shear failure: -
qd = 2/3 C.Nc’.Sc.dc.ic.+ q.(Nq’ – 1)Sq.dq.iq.+ 0.5 B..N’.S.d.i.W’
Where
 = Bulk density of soil
qd = qd’ = Ultimate net bearing capacity
C = Cohesion
q = Effective overburden pressure at the base of footing
B = Width of Strip rectangular footing, side of square footing or diameter of
circular footing
Nc, Nq, N, Nc’, Nq’ & N’ = bearing capacity factors
Sc, Sq & S = Shape factors
dc , dq, & d = Depth factors
ic , iq & i = Inclination factors
W’ = water table correction factor
Df = Depth of base of footing

The value of shape factors for footing as per IS: 6403 – 1981 Para 5.2.1 are

Shape of Base Shape factors

Sc Sq S
1) Continuous strip 1.00 1.00 1.00
2) Rectangle 1 + 0.2 B/L 1 + 0.2 B/L 1 – 0.4 B/L
3) Square 1.3 1.2 0.8
4) Circle 1.3 1.2 0.6
The values of depth factors for footing are given by the following formula as per IS :
6403-
dc = 1.0 +0.2. Df / B.tan(45 + /2)
dc = d = 1.0 +0.1. Df / B.tan(45 + /2) for  > 10
dq = d = 1.0 for  < 10
The inclination factors shall be as under
Ic = iq = (1 - /90) 2 Where  = Inclination of the load with the vertical
i = (1 - /) 2
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The values of bearing capacity factors are given in table (1) of IS: 6403 – 1981

ANNEXURE – II

The method for computing settlement of non cohesive and cohesive layers is given in

IS: 8009(Part – I) for shallow foundation which is discussed below:-

a) SETTLEMENT OF NON- COHESIVE STRATA: -

Settlement of a footing of any width B under unit intensity of pressure resting on dry
cohesion less strata with known standard penetration resistance values N is
determined from fig.–9 of IS: 8009 (Part –I)
The settlement of footing of the same width under any other pressure is
computed by assuming that the settlement is proportional to the intensity of
pressure .If water table is at shallow depth, the settlement thus computed shall be
divided by the water table correction factor.

b) SETTLEMENT OF COHESIVE STRATA (Based on Consolidation theory): -

As per clause 9.2.1 of IS: 8009(Part –I), in case of cohesive layers, the total
settlement (Sf ) shall be sum of immediate settlement (S i)and consolidation settlement
(Sf) .

IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT (Si)

As per para 9.2.3 of the code the immediate settlement beneath the centre or corner

of a flexible loaded area is given by: -

p . B. (1 - 2). I
SI = ____________
E
Where  = Poisson’s ratio

I = Influence factor

B = Width of footing

P = foundation pressure

E = Modulus of elasticity

CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT (SI)

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The consolidation settlement is calculated by using the following formula based on

one dimensional consolidation theory

Ht. Cc po + p
Sc = _____ log 10 _______
1+ eo po
Where
Ht = Thickness of compressible layer
eo = Initial void ratio
Cc = Compression index
po = initial overburden pressure at the middle of the compressible Layer
p = Increase in pressure

Isolated Footing

NET SAFE BEARING CAPACITY ON SHEAR CONSIDERATION

1. Depth of Foundation (m) 1.0

2. Width of Foundation (m) 1.0

3. Type of foundation Isolated Footing

4. Void ratio 0.65

5. Angle of internal friction Ф 110

6. Density of soil below foundation (gm/cc) 1.75

7. Correction for water table W’ 1.00

8. Cohesion (Kg/cm2) 0.25

9. Bearing capacity factor Nc = 8.130

Nq = 2.379
N = 1.163
10. Effective overburden pressure 0.175 Kg/cm2

11. Shape factors Sc = 1.3, Sq = 1.2, S = 0.80

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12. Depth factors dc = 1.243 dq = 1.0 d = 1.0

13. Net safe bearing capacity

qd =1/3[0.208x8.130X1.3x1.243+0.175 (2.379- 1)x1.2x1.0 +0.5 x 1.75x 1.0x0.8 x 1.163X1.0/10.0]

= 1.035 Kg/cm2