Beruflich Dokumente
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INDEX
5 CF5 Syllabus 5
Batch : 2016-20
1
FORM NO.CF2
S.No. Academic Year Class & Section Name of the Faculty Member
Dr.P.SIVAKUMAR
1. 2018-2019 III Yr. Mr.RAGUPATHY.P
Mrs. R.PADMAVATHI
Dr.P.SIVAKUMAR
2. 2016-2018 III Yr. Mr.RAGUPATHY.P
Mrs. B DHIVYA
2
FORM NO. CF3
ALLOCATION OF SUBJECTS & CLASS TIME TABLE WITH TCH
3 3 5 5
DAY/ 1 2 4 6 7
9.50-10.10 10.10-11.00 11.50-12.40/ 12.40-1.20/
PERIOD 8.00 – 9.00 9.00-9.50 11.00-11.50 1.20-2.10 2.10-3.00
9.50-10.40 10.40-11.00 11.50-12.30 12.30-1.20
THU EE6601 EE6002 BREAK EE6611 [C1] / EE6612 [C2] LUNCH EC6651 LIBRARY
FRI EE6604 EE6004 BREAK EE6601 EE 6603 EE6603 LUNCH EE6002 SEMINAR
SAT EE6002 EE6603 BREAK EE6602 EE6602 LUNCH EE6611 [C2] / EE6612 [C1]
Class Incharge: Semester : VI Year: III/ Section: C w.e.f: 19.12.2018 Class Chairman:
Mrs. R. Hall No: WB416 Mrs. J. Kavitha
Padmavathi
3
SEM EE56
Seminar Mrs. A. Rajalakshmi 1
INAR
LIBRARY Library EE124 Mrs. C. Kavitha 1
F
TIME 8.00 – 9.00 9.00-9.50
9.50-10.10 10.10-11.00
11.00-11.50
11.50-12.40/ O
12.40-1.20/
1.20-2.10 2.10-3.00
9.50-10.40 10.40-11.00 11.50-12.30 12.30-1.20R
M
Day 1 2 BREAK 3 4 5 5 6 7
N
TUE EE 6613 O EE 6002
.
WED EE 6002 EE 6002 GE 6075 GE 6075
C
THU GE 6075 EE 6002 F GE 6075 VAP
4
EE 17262 [D1 – I/C]
FRI
Mrs. R. [8.00 – 11.15]
Padmavathi
SAT EE 17411 [B1]
4
COURSE
COURSE TITLE SEM/BRANCH/SECTION HOURS
CODE
EE 6002 Power System Transients VI SEM EEE C 4
GE 6075 Professional Ethics VIII SEM EEE B 4
Presentation Skills and Technical
EE 6613 VI SEM EEE C 3
Seminar
EE 17411 Electrical Machines Laboratory – I IV SEM EEE [B2 – I/C] 3
Basic Electrical, Electronics and
EE 17262 II SEM MECH [D1] 4
Instrumentation Laboratory
VAP Value Added Program IV SEM EEE A 2
Total 20
5
6
FORM NO. CF5
SYLLABUS
AIM
To review the over voltages (or) surges due to the phenomena of switching operations
and lighting discharge. Also to study propagation, reflection and refraction of these
surges on the equipment’s their impact on the power system grid.
OBJECTIVES:
To study the generation of switching transients and their control using circuit –
theoretical concept.
To study the mechanism of lighting strokes and the production of lighting surges.
To study the propagation, reflection and refraction of travelling waves.
To study the impact of voltage transients caused by faults, circuit breaker action,
load rejection on integrated power system.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY
9
Review and importance of the study of transients - causes for transients. RL circuit
transient with sine wave excitation - double frequency transients - basic transforms of
the RLC circuit transients. Different types of power system transients - effect of
transients on power systems – role of the study of transients in system planning.
UNIT II SWITCHING TRANSIENTS
9
Over voltages due to switching transients - resistance switching and the equivalent
circuit for interrupting the resistor current - load switching and equivalent circuit -
waveforms for transient voltage across the load and the switch - normal and abnormal
switching transients. Current suppression - current chopping - effective equivalent
circuit. Capacitance switching - effect of source regulation - capacitance switching with
a restrike, with multiple restrikes. Illustration for multiple restriking transients - Ferro
resonance.
7
UNIT III LIGHTNING TRANSIENTS
9
Review of the theories in the formation of clouds and charge formation - rate of
charging of thunder clouds – mechanism of lightning discharges and characteristics of
lightning strokes – model for lightning stroke - factors contributing to good line design
- protection using ground wires - tower footing resistance - Interaction between
lightning and power system.
UNIT IV TRAVELING WAVES ON TRANSMISSION LINE COMPUTATION
OF TRANSIENTS
9
Computation of transients - transient response of systems with series and shunt lumped
parameters and distributed lines. Traveling wave concept - step response - Bewely’s
lattice diagram - standing waves and natural frequencies - reflection and refraction of
travelling waves.
UNIT V TRANSIENTS IN INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM
9
The short line and kilometric fault - distribution of voltages in a power system - Line
dropping and load rejection - voltage transients on closing and reclosing lines - over
voltage induced by faults -switching surges on integrated system Qualitative
application of EMTP for transient computation.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Allan Greenwood, ‘Electrical Transients in Power Systems’, Wiley Inter Science,
New York, 2nd Edition, 1991.
2. Pritindra Chowdhari, “Electromagnetic transients in Power System”, John Wiley and
Sons Inc., Second Edition, 2009.
3. C.S. Indulkar, D.P.Kothari, K. Ramalingam, ‘Power System Transients – A
statistical approach’, PHI Learning Private Limited, Second Edition, 2010.
REFERENCES:
1. M.S.Naidu and V.Kamaraju, ‘High Voltage Engineering’, Tata McGraw Hill, Fifth
Edition, 2013.
2. R.D. Begamudre, ‘Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering’, Wiley
Eastern Limited, 1986.
8
3. Y.Hase, Handbook of Power System Engineering,” Wiley India, 2012.
4. J.L.Kirtley, “Electric Power Principles, Sources, Conversion, Distribution and use,”
Wiley, 2012.
Sl. Actual
Unit
9
10. 29-12-2018 29-12-2018 Class Test
46 28-02-2019 28-02-2019 The short line and kilometric fault T1 265-270 Board
11
FORM NO.
CF6
Learning Structure:
Advancement
TRANSIENTS IN INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM
in transient
13
FORM NO. CF7
20.
201605117 211616105117 Srinidhi L
21. Sriram S P S
201605118 211616105118
22. Subiksha Jayaraman
201605119 211616105119
23. Sudharsana Devi B
201605120 211616105121
24. Sudharsana R
201605121 211616105120
25. Suwetha Mukundan
201605122 211616105122
26. Syed Kadhar S.H
201605123 211616105123
27. Thamarai Kannan VK
201605124 211616105124
28. Thamizh Kumaran R
201605125 211616105125
29. 201605126 211616105126 Thamizhpooni A
30. 201605127 211616105127 Venkatesh.G
31. 201605128 211616105128 Vidushini Sathyamurthy
32. Vignesh M
201605129 211616105129
33. Vignesh Raj C B
201605130 211616105131
34. Vignesh T
201605131 211616105130
35. Vigneshwaran V
201605132 211616105132
36. 201605133 211616105134 Vijaya Ragavan AB
37. 201605134 211616105133 Vijayalakshmi R
38. 201605135 211616105135 Vinodhini R
39. 201605136 211616105137 Vinothini R
40. 201605137 211616105136 Vinothini S S
41. 201605138 211616105138 Vishwanathan R
42.
201605140 211616105010 Aravindan G
43.
201605142 211616105301 Ajith K (L/E)
44.
201605144 211616105305 Rahul V (L/E)
14
FORM NO. CF8
ASSIGNMENTS
15
FORM NO. CF9
Absent Dates
Intimation to students,
Reference & date
Intimation to parents,
Reference & date
Action taken
16
FOR Roll. No
M
NO. CF10
Unit Test I
1.10 Explain the circuit closing transient with energizing RL circuit with sine drive.
(12)
1.11 a) Briefly explain the importance of study of transients in planning and explain the
effects of
18
transients on power system.
(12)
[Or]
b) Explain the various types of power system transients in the power system due
to energy
storage elements and inertia of rotating machines and also brief its effects.
(12)
19
Roll. No
2.5 Write the functions of shunt resistor connected across the CB.
2.6 Define load switching.
2.7 What is mean by capacitance switching?
2.8 What is Ferro resonance?
2.9 Define current chopping.
2.10 State normal switching transients.
20
Roll. No
ii)
Explain the concept of Ferro resonance effect with an example.
(6)
22
Roll. No
(Or)
1.6 Describe about double frequency transients and basic
transform of RLC
Circuit.
(13)
24
2. 5 (a) Explain in detail about resistance switching.
(13)
(Or)
2.6 What is capacitance switching? Explain in briefly the effects of source
regulations and capacitance switching with a restrike.
(13)
3. 5 (a) Give the mathematical models for lightning discharges and explain
them. (8)
(b) Explain the different characteristics of the lightning strokes.
(5)
(Or)
4.6 Derive the Transients response of system with series and shunt lumped
parameters and distributed lines.
(13)
5.5 Explain in detail the short line fault or kilometric fault in detail.
(13)
(Or)
5.6 Wire short note on EMTP and deduce the computational procedure for
EMTP program
with a neat flowchart.
(13)
25
Roll. No
3. 5 With the neat diagrams explain the concept of charges formation and
mechanism of
lightning strokes.
(13)
27
(Or)
3.6 Describe the interaction between lightning and power system.
(13)
5.5 i) Discuss about the voltage transients on closing and reclosing of lines.
(5)
ii)Explain in detail about the switching surges on an integrated power
system. (8)
(Or)
5.6 Wire short note on EMTP and deduce the computational procedure for
EMTP program
with a neat flowchart.
(13)
28
9. 201605102 211616105102 Santhosh Kumar S 3 10 11
10. 201605104 211616105104 Sarath S 40 35 24
11. 201605107 211616105107 Selvaganesh M 62 83 87
12. 201605108 211616105108 Sethuraman V 13 53 34
13. 201605109 211616105109 Sherron M 80 50 62
14. 201605110 211616105110 Shree Aarthi R I 83 88 81
15. 201605111 211616105111 Shreelekha D A 73 84
16. 201605113 211616105113 Sivapriya S 63 A 68
17. 201605114 211616105114 Snega K 13 52 41
18. 201605115 211616105115 Sreemathi S 88 75 76
19. 201605116 211616105116 Srikumaravel B 7 50 45
20. 201605117 211616105117 Srinidhi L A 93 82
21. 201605118 211616105118 Sriram S P S 7 43 42
22. 201605119 211616105119 Subiksha Jayaraman 23 A 42
23. 201605120 211616105121 Sudharsana Devi B 87 A 76
24. 201605121 211616105120 Sudharsana R 87 60 68
25. 201605122 211616105122 Suwetha Mukundan 88 70 75
26. 201605123 211616105123 Syed Kadhar S.H 50 62 58
27. 201605124 211616105124 Thamarai Kannan VK 8 50 32
28. 201605125 211616105125 Thamizh Kumaran R 5 42 30
29. 201605126 211616105126 Thamizhpooni A 78 73 82
30. 201605127 211616105127 Venkatesh.G 55 63 77
31. 201605128 211616105128 Vidushini Sathyamurthy 90 A 85
32. 201605129 211616105129 Vignesh M 35 38 29
33. 201605130 211616105131 Vignesh Raj C B 12 2 18
34. 201605131 211616105130 Vignesh T 53 47 43
35. 201605132 211616105132 Vigneshwaran V 55 57 51
36. 201605133 211616105134 Vijaya Ragavan AB 23 7 12
37. 201605134 211616105133 Vijayalakshmi R 92 A 81
38. 201605135 211616105135 Vinodhini R 82 77 80
39. 201605136 211616105137 Vinothini R 85 73 79
40. 201605137 211616105136 Vinothini S S 73 90 86
41. 201605138 211616105138 Vishwanathan R 18 40 22
42. 201605140 211616105010 Aravindan G 3 A 20
43. 201605142 211616105301 Ajith K (L/E) 52 48 48
44. 201605144 211616105305 Rahul V (L/E) 20 70 47
29
FORM NO. CF13
ACTION TAKEN ON SLOW LEARNERS
Unit Test 1
Roll No. Student Name Marks
201605138 Vishwanathan R 27
201605140 Aravindan G 42
201605118 Sriram S P S 7
Action taken
1. One assignment was given for students in the mark range of 26 – 49.
2. Importance questions and problems are discussed in slow learner class and test conducted.
Outcome of action taken
Oral test was conducted for students. Students performed well.
30
FORM NO. CF13
ACTION TAKEN ON SLOW LEARNERS
Unit Test 2
Roll No. Student Name Marks
201605047 Jhodhiga E 43
201605049 Karthick k 36
201605050 Karthick A 28
201605051 Karthik Ramanathan SA 38
201605096 Salini Kl 44
201605097 Sandeep K 48
201605098 Sandeep V 39
31
FORM NO. CF13
ACTION TAKEN ON SLOW LEARNERS
Model Exam - 1
Roll No. Student Name Marks
201605113 Sivapriya S A
201605140 Aravindan G 22
Action taken
1. Two assignments are given for a student in the mark range of 0 – 25 and one
assignment is given for students in the mark range of 26 – 49.
2. Importance questions and problems are discussed in slow learner class and test
conducted.
Outcome of action taken
Oral test was conducted for students. Students performed well.
32
CO ANALYSIS
Batch 2016-2020 Course :
:
33
122 201605131 VIGNESH T 74 20 76 48 26 49
123 201605132 VIGNESWARAN V 67 48 49 12 0 35
124 201605133 VIJAYA RAGAVAN AB 19 17 38 24 24 24
125 201605134 VIJAYALAKSHMI R 93 30 36 81 86 65
126 201605135 VINODHINI R 88 72 82 93 81 83
127 201605136 VINOTHINI R 83 80 78 90 64 79
128 201605137 VINODHINI SS 71 83 91 93 81 84
129 201605138 VISHWANATHAN R 10 39 49 31 2 26
130 201605140 ARAVINDAN G 5 0 24 19 12 12
131 201605141 DIVINA JULIA R 48 19 22 17 24 26
132 201605142 AJITH K 45 43 80 55 29 50
133 201605144 RAHUL V 21 44 84 43 40 47
56 53 54 48 43 51
34
FORM NO. CF14
QUESTION BANK
YEAR/SEM: III/VI
PART-A (2 marks)
UNIT – I
10. What are the sources of transients?
11. What are the types of power system transients?
12. State the importance of transient study in planning.
13. List the effects of transients in power system.
14. Name the various types of Transients in power system.
15. What are the effects of lightning transients?
16. Define transient.
17. What is ferroresonance?
18. What is lightning?
19. What are the types of lightning?
UNIT – II
4. What are the causes of switching surges?
5. What is meant by resistance switching?
6. What is meant by capacitance switching?
7. Define current chopping.
8. What are the observations in RLC circuit?
9. Draw the equivalent circuit for interrupting the resistor current.
10. What is meant by load switching?
11. Define normal and abnormal switching transients.
12. What are the effects of source regulation?
13. What is Ferro resonance?
14. What is restriking voltage?
35
15. Draw double frequency transient circuit with an example.
16. Give the relation between time constant of parallel and series circuit.
17. What is the need for resistance switching?
UNIT – III
1. List the characteristics features of lightning strokes.
2. What is tower footing resistance?
3. What is arcing ground?
4. What are the causes of over voltage?
5. Define lightning phenomenon.
6. Define Isokeraunic level.
7. What are the types of protection afforded by ground wires?
8. Define dart leader.
9. Write short note about stepped leader and pilot streamer.
10. Differentiate lightning and switching over voltages.
11. Define overvoltage factor.
12. State Mason’s theory of lightning.
13. What are the characteristics of lightning strokes?
UNIT – IV
1. What are the specifications of a traveling wave?
2. Write the expression for series and shunt lumped parameters in distributed
lines.
3. Define standing waves and natural frequencies.
4. What is meant by reflection and refraction of traveling waves.
UNIT – V
1. What is load rejection?
2. How does a surge occur during switching?
3. Define about kilo metric fault.
4. What meant by distribution of voltage in a power system?
5. What is meant by line dropping?
6. Explain the over voltage induced by faults.
7. What are the switching surges on integrated system?
36
8. Explain EMTP for transient computation.
UNIT – II
1. Explain with appropriate waveform,
(i) Current suppression.
(ii) Current chopping
(iii) Capacitance switching with one and multiple restrikes.
(iv) Ferro resonance.
2. Explain in detail about,
(i) Resistance switching and
(ii) Load switching with their equivalent circuits.
3. Explain the load switching in both normal and abnormal conditions with neat
sketches.
4. What is capacitance switching? Explain in briefly the effects of source
regulations and capacitance switching with a restrike.
UNIT – III
1. Discuss the mechanism of lightning strokes and over voltages on transmission
lines.
2. Discuss the different theories of charge formation of thunder clouds.
3. Explain in detail how the charges are formed in the clouds.
4. Discuss the interaction of lightning with power system.
5. What are the factors contributing to good line design?
6. Explain the counter-poise method of protection.
7. (a) Give the mathematical models for lightning discharges and explain them.
(b) Explain the different characteristics of the lightning strokes.
37
UNIT – IV
1. Discuss transient response of systems with series and shunt lumped parameters
and distributed lines.
2. With neat sketch explain Bewley’s Lattice diagram.
3. Derive the reflection and refraction coefficients of a traveling wave.
4. Write short notes on standing waves and natural frequency.
5. Explain the various type of traveling wave concept in step response.
UNIT – V
1. Explain short line kilometric fault.
2. What is line dropping and load rejection? Explain.
3. Explain switching surges on integrated system.
4. Explain EMTP for transient computation.
5. Explain the over voltage induced by faults.
413. Give the relation between time constant of parallel and series circuit.
Time constant of parallel circuit Tp=RC
Time constant of series circuit Ts=L/R
38
5. The product of their time constants is the square of the angular period of the
undamped circuit which is given by
TpTs=LC =T2
UNIT-II
1. Define current chopping.
When breaking low currents (i.e.) unloaded transformer or reactor magnetizing current,
the powerful deionizing effect of air blast circuit breaker (CB) causes the current
abruptly to zero well before the natural current zero is reached. This phenomenon is
called current chopping and it produces high voltage transients across the breaker
contacts, the transient over voltage due to current chopping is prevented by resistance
switching.
40
7. Define ferro resonance condition.
Resonance causes high transient voltage in the power system. In usual transmission
lines the capacitance is very small so that resonance rarely occurred in power system at
normal frequency. However if generator emf wave is distorted, the trouble of resonance
may occur due to 5th (or) higher harmonics. This phenomenon is referred as ferro
resonance, since the inductance involved is usually iron cored.
7. Define lightning.
Lightning phenomenon is a peak discharge in which charge accumulated in the clouds
discharge into a neighbouring cloud or to the ground.
10. What are the factors contributing to good transmission line design?
First we try to keep the incidence of stokes to the system to a minimum. The objective
of good design is to reduce the number of outages caused by lightning. High surge
impedance in ground wires, tower structures are to be avoided.
42
various components with the characteristics of protective devices so that the equipment
is protected from over voltages.
19. State the parameters and the characteristics of the lightning strokes.
Amplitude of the current, the rate of rise, the probability distribution of them and the
wave shapes of the lightning voltages and currents.
21. State the factors influence the lightning induced voltages on transmission lines.
The ground conductivity
the leader stroke current and
The corona.
43
23. What is the use of ground wire?
It shields the transmission line conductor from induced charges, from clouds as well as
from a lightning discharge.
26. What does the selection of BIL level for lines depend?
Atmospheric conditions
lightning activity,
insulation pollution and
Acceptable outage of the line.
UNIT-IV
1. Draw the circuit of long transmission line with lumped parameters.
44
Any disturbance on a transmission line (or) system such as sudden opening or closing
of line, a short circuit or a fault results in the development of over voltages or over
current at that point. This disturbance propagates as a travelling wave to the ends of the
line (or) to a termination, such as a substation. Usually these travelling waves are high
frequency disturbances and travel as waves. They may be reflected, transmitted,
attenuated or distorted during propagation until the energy is absorbed.
5. What is surge impedance of a line and why is it also called the natural
impedance?
The ratio of voltage to current which has the dimension of impedance is called as surge
impedance of the line. E /I=√ (L/C) = Zc = Zn (natural impedance) It is also called the
natural impedance because this impedance does not depend on load impedance but
depends only on the line constants. The value of this impedance is 400Ω to 600Ω for
an overhead line and 40 to 60Ω for a cable.
45
Tail: Tail of a wave is the portion beyond the crest. It is expressed in time (µs) from
beginning of the wave to the point where the wave has reduced to 50% of its value at
crest.
Polarity: It is polarity of crest voltage or current. A positive wave of 500Kv crest, I µs
front time and 25 µs tail time will be represented as +500/ 1.0/ 25.0
11. Write the expression for reflection coefficient and refraction coefficient.
Reflection coefficient: a= (Zb – Za) / (Zb + Za) -1< a <+1.
Refraction coefficient a = 2Zb / (Zb + Za)
Where (Zb, Za) are the characteristic impedance of the line.
12. What is the effect of shunt capacitance at the terminal of a transmission lines?
The effect of shunt capacitance at the terminal of a transmission line is to cause the
voltage at the terminal is to rise to full value gradually instead of abruptly. i.e., to cause
flattening of the wave front which reduces the stress on the line end windings of
transformer connected to the lines.
46
A standing wave, also known as stationery waves, is a wave that remains constant
position. This phenomenon can occur because the medium is moving in the opposite
direction to the wave, or it can arise in a stationery medium as a result of interference
between two waves travelling in opposite direction.
UNIT-V
1. Define is kilometric fault.
The Circuit breakers undergo less difficulty in interrupting current to a fault located
close to their terminals than the current to a similar fault located away from the
terminals. Kilometric fault is the fault located beyond the terminals and thus the current
can be easily interrupted due to the added impedance of the line. This added impedance
not only limits the current but also supports some of the system voltage.
12. Write the network equation to model a transmission network for EMTP
calculation.
[G][V (T)] = [I (T)-[I]] Where [G] is the nodal conductance matrix. [V (T)] is the node
voltages. [I (T)] is the vector of current sources [I] is the vector of past history terms.
13. What are the effects of transients when a switch a switch is closed?
When a switch is suddenly closed immediately prior to the circuit being completed, a
certain voltage across the switch contacts. At the moment the contacts made by pre
striking discharge, this voltage appears.
49
97 201505102 RAMESHWARI G 27 36 31 7 14 115
98 201505103 RAMKI R 21 28 23 8 1 81
99 201505104 RAMYA S 51 54 28 15 14 162
100 201505105 REVANTH SWAMINATHAN A 100 19 9 0 0 31
101 201505106 RUBAN P V 15 18 10 0 5 47
102 201505107 SABAREES WARAN B S 1 9 10 0 0 20
103 201505108 SANDHIYA D 21 20 15 0 0 56
104 201505109 SARAVANA VENKATESH R 11 3 6 2 2 24
147 201505153 VISHAL S 31 34 25 2 3 95
151 201505157 YOGESH P 24 32 21 6 5 88
155 201505161 SANTHOSH BABU M 19 34 19 1 3 76
162 201505169 BALAJI R 19 34 23 2 6 83
163 201505180 SUDHARSHAN A 28 30 20 8 4 90
164 201505181 VIJAY M 28 29 24 6 5 92
165 201505182 SURYANARAYANAN N 27 34 24 4 8 97
166 201505183 LOKESH S 18 34 24 3 8 86
50