Study of Nanomaterial

 Introduction.
 History of Nanomaterial.
 Characterisation & Synthesis of Nanomaterial.
 Classification & of Nanomaterial.
 Properties of Nanomaterial.
 Application of Nanomaterial.
 Conclusion.
•Introduction
Nano means 10-9 (Nan0material is one thousand Millionth of a Meter)

To understand how small one nm is let us see few comparisons

1. A Red blood cell is approximately 7000nm wide.

2.Water Molecule is almost 0.3nm across.

3.Human hair which is about 80,000 nm wide.

4. Nano Materials could be defined as the materials with at least one of its
dimensions in the range of a Nano meter.

5. Thus the material need not be so small that it cannot be seen,it can be a
large surface or a long wire whose thickness is in the scale of Nanometers.
•History of nanomaterials
 1974 The world Nanotechnology first coined by “Nario Taniguchi”,Univ. of T0kyo ---
production technology to get ultra fine accuracy and precision - 1nm.

 1981 IBM invented STM scanning tunneling microscope which can move. single atoms
arround

 1985 new from of carbon discovered ---C60 buckminister fullerence 60 carbon atoms arranged
in a sphere made of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagon.

 2000-2001 Initial nanomaterial research started.

 2002 suppliers approach Hexcel with products and requests for collaboration.

 2004: Good composite data starts to be obtained.

 2005 First customer evaluation take place of new products containing nanomaterial.

 2007 First product launched.

 2008 Nanomaterial becomes part of the formulators”regular toolkit.

• Characterisation of Nanomaterial
Characterization Techniques

Structural Chemical
characterization characterization
X-ray
diffraction(XRD)

Scanning electron
microscopy(SEM) Optical
spectroscopy
Scanning probe
microscopy(SPM)
Transmission
electron Electron
microscopy(TEM)
spectroscopy
•Electron Spectroscopy
• This particular case we incident a particular electron beem of known energies of

known kinetic energy and we let it interact with the material.Depending on how

much energy is being lost from that we obtain a particular spectrum to comment on

the maybe of the chemical nature or the electronic stake state of the directive state

particular material.

• So, in these particular characterising techniques EELS we call it electron energy loss

spectroscopy.

• We allow a particular known set of electron energies known kinetic energy of

electron we are literally attracted to the material .we see how what is the overall

energy loss is occurring because of certain vibration modes or some elastic

scattering to attend aparticular spectrum.

.
 Known narrow Range of kinetic Energy Electrom Beem is
irradiated
 Energy loss of beam can be measured via an electron
spectrometer
 Analyzed by which process resulted energy loss
 Measure change in kinetic Energy after their interaction
with material
 Based on inelastic scattering of narrow-ramge KE electron
beem 1-10 ev from surface .
 KE analysis-provides energy transfer to surface vibrational
mode
Energy loss spectrum in the energy range about 5-200 ev
Resolution ~8cm-1 ,typically 20-30 cm-1