UNIVERSIDAD DE ZAMBOANGA

School of Graduate Studies

J.S. Alano St., Zamboanga City

Mid-Term Exam in Trends,Issues & Problems in Education

Julieta D. Francisco, Ed.D.

Professor 1

DIRECTIONS: DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS COMPREHENSIVELY.

1. How will you employ Localization and Contextualization in your classroom teaching?
Localization is an approach in teaching that is realistic in nature . This approach supports the
dynamic approach of using the available resources within the area and also a systematic approach
of teaching based on the culture or values of the the people within the community .

This approach of teaching has been supported by our institution since the start . DepEd also has
embedded this in their mission . It means that every teacher should adapt and pattern its
curriculum in teaching utilizing the local condition , environment and resources. And
contextualization is the process of presenting lessons in relevant context based on previous
experiences and real life situations. This makes learning flexible.

Example teaching Science can be done in localization and contextualization by bringing the
students outside of the classrooms and let them explore using the environment as their laboratory .
the can really see trees or leaves , the sun , and other matter . This will also be actual teaching
and is not an expensive approach .
Although there are some subjects that are difficult to use localization and contextualization such as
Araling Panlipunan. Teachers should never compromise the concept of the lesson just for the sake
of making contextualized and localized version of it. Learning standards and competencies should
always precede contextualization and localization.

Teachers should adapt and be creative . Such principles were made and adapted in the academe
to make the curriculum responds, conforms, reflects and be flexible to the needs of the learners,
especially the 21st century learners who need to be holistically and skillfully developed.

2. Give at least 5 advantages and disadvantages about virtual university. Explain comprehensively.
Virtual university provides a higher education programs through electronic media typically by
internet regarded as distance education. The goal is to provide access to the part of the
population who would not be able to attend a physical campus for reasons of distance .
 ADVANTAGES:

1. Virtual University provides opportunities for students to be abreast with new trends that are not
available in their own place .
2. It makes learning more dynamic by providing access to communicate to other people that are
distant and learn
3. It provides the opportunity to study more subjects and reach out to programs that are not
available in the immediate area. It also provides a chance for students to learn through highly
acclaimed professors of other institutions abroad.
4. It is much more flexible than traditional styles of classroom education. Students who need to
take other classes or work can do classwork whenever those have a free moment instead of
being restricted to a rigid schedule.
5. It enables students to make connection with more diverse range of people because students
who enroll in classes with online education obtain a wider range of networking opportunities.
6. It enables the students to work at their own place in many circumstances. The requirements
are not strict and typically give a range of due dates when the work needs to be submitted.
7. The schedules are more open and allow for students, parents and professionals to take the
cases whenever it fits into their schedule.
8. It increases the level of standards of student learning.

DISADVANTAGES:

1. The disadvantage of Distance Learning or Virtual Education like here in Zamboanga is the
internet provider speed or reliability . This is the greatest disadvantage .
2. Learning is less personal , although for me it is just less physical but it still can be personal if
class discussion is made in real time .
3. The lack of face to face communication and no real experience to going to college. Distance
learning is good for working people who cannot attend the regular classes. Face to face
communication with teachers and students can make students self-confidence and they can
communicate confidently anywhere in their practical field.
4. Disadvantage or limits are also set since there is less participation its more of one party
listening to a class that is conducted outside of the area
5. The millennial generations are so fast in dealing with technology while the x and y generation
are not so keen to keep up with the pace thus the connection is disrupted
6. There are technological limitations and when one is offline or the system fails, it cannot be
used.
7. This form of education can also be expensive , since we have to keep pace with technology
and programs .

3. How important is parent-teacher relationship? Explain thoroughly. Give real life examples.
I highly believe and support strong Parent-Teacher Relationship. It is through these reciprocal
interaction that leveling of expectations are met. The teacher should be able to communicate the
development of the child in the classroom arena . At the same time should connect the child’s
behavior in school to the environment at home . It is also important that the teacher knows the kind
of parents , their values and expectations in rearing their children. Each one is different and each
child has different needs . I highly encourage teachers to be observant and open to parents .
Specifically to the family condition at home . In our school, we encourage parents or guardians to
be honest and open to us . Specially for the OFW parents or the broken family , of which I
 recommend to provide double care , attention and love to this children. Through constant
communication with parents , we get to understand where the child is coming from .

Parents should also have a constant communication with teachers . This way they get to gage the
learning or developmental skills of their children. Presence of parents reinforces the self-esteem of
the children .
It is a shared responsibility or role . Both parents and teachers play an important role and it
compliments each other. And making the parents understand their children through a teachers
eyes is as vital as making the teachers understand the student through the parents eyes .

Because of the current situation where both parents have to work . Most often parents put less
priority in supporting the academic needs of children. It is often left to tutors or teachers .Even the
Parent-Teacher Association is a form of bringing together all parents to have a voice in school or
an avenue where their concerns are heard . In the United States , the Parent-Teacher Forum is
very vital and is a responsibility in every institution . But here in the Philipppines , these role is
often taken for granted especially if the students are in the secondary level.

We have to stress the importance of this reciprocal role for the success of the each child .

4. Differentiate formative and summative assessment. Discuss comprehensively.

BASIS FOR COMPARISON FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Meaning Formative Assessment refers to a variety Summative Assessment is defined as a

of assessment procedures that provides standard for evaluating learning of
the required information, to adjust students.
teaching, during the learning process.

Nature Diagnostic Evaluative

What is it? It is an assessment for learning. It is an assessment of learning.

Frequency Monthly or quarterly Term end

Aims at Enhancing learning Measuring student's competency.

Goal Monitor student learning. Evaluate student learning.

Weight of grades Low High

Comparison Chart (FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT V/S SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT)

Formative assessment is a teaching tool used on a daily basis to determine how much students
have learned and how much they still have to learn. This can be determined through assignments
and homework, quizzes and class discussions.

They are given more frequently but carry lesser grading weight, because they are only used to
determine which areas in the teacher’s instructions are not understood by the students and how
much a teacher still have to teach them.

Formative assessments allow teachers to know the effectiveness of learning tools and help them
change their methods and find which ones are more effective in helping the students understand
what is being discussed in class.

As what Dr. Anicia Alvarez said that formative assessment is given to deepen the furrow of
learning of the students.

Summative assessment is a teaching tool that evaluates students basing on their performance and
is the basis of determining the progress made by the student for the unit that has been discussed
and for the school year as a whole.

It is used to evaluate whether the students are ready to take statewide tests and to
provide information on the progress made by public schools, its administrators, and public or local
agencies in relation to policies in education.

Summative assessments are conducted formally and can be in the form of quizzes, essays, tests
or projects. They are given at the end of a unit to determine how much the student has learned
about the whole lesson and if they have met academic standards. They can also help the teacher
find better teaching methods to use, if the summative assessment results are not satisfactory.

5. Discuss thoroughly RA 10627 or the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 and how it will aid helpless
children/students in school.

On September 12, 2013, Republic Act No. 10627, entitled “An Act Requiring All Elementary And
Secondary Schools To Adopt Policies To Prevent And Address The Acts Of Bullying In Their
Institutions” was signed by President Aquino, officially placing executive imprimatur on the Bill
passed by the 15th Congress.

Also referred to as the “Anti-Bullying Act of 2013”, the law defines the act of bullying as “any
severe or repeated use by one or more students of a written, verbal or electronic expression, or a
physical act or gesture, or any combination thereof” that is “directed at another student.”
Furthermore, such use must have the effect of “actually causing or placing the latter in reasonable
fear of physical or emotional harm or damage to his property; creating a hostile environment at
 school for the other student; infringing on the rights of the other student at school; or materially and
substantially disrupting the education process or the orderly operation of a school.”

The law includes a non-exclusive enumeration of such acts of bullying, thus:

 Any unwanted physical contact between the bully and the victim like punching, pushing, etc.
and the use of available objects as weapons;
 Any act that causes damage to a victim’s psyche and/or emotional well-being;
 Any slanderous statement or accusation that causes the victim undue emotional distress like
directing foul language or profanity at the target, name-calling, etc.; and
 Cyber-bullying or any bullying done through the use of technology or any electronic means.

Under the law, all elementary and secondary schools are required “to adopt policies to address
the existence of bullying in their respective institutions.” Such policies shall be regularly
updated and must include certain provisions as a minimum. One such provision is a prohibition
on bullying in both school premises and in non school-related locations, if the act/s in question
create a “hostile environment” at school for the victim, infringe on his rights or disrupt the
educational process. A provision prohibiting retaliation against those who report bullying and
through a system of anonymously reporting bullying acts is also required.

Every person has the right to be protected against violence and abuse, and your children are no
exception. As parents, you do all that you can to shelter and keep your children safe from harm.
But it is only a matter of time before these children grow, and you will no longer be able to keep a
watchful eye on them all day. Such is the case when they begin to go to school. It is for this reason
that the Anti Bullying Act has been established by the Philippine Government.
Among the biggest fears of parents, and one of the reasons why many consider home- schooling,
is that their children might be bullied while within school premises. Sadly, such cases do occur,
both in the elementary and high school levels, and even in college. As of 2013, with the
implementation of the Anti Bullying Act, schools have become better able to protect their students
against acts of abuse from their peers.
Current issues in schools are focused on the bullying of children. Infact we have so many cases of
transferees all with the same reason “bullying “. As I have observed because of these , the defense
mechanism of children in dealing with stress has lessened due to the fact that it opened up an
avenue to have an excuse in failures .
In the contrary it has also been an avenue to other children to release their stress and feeling of un
loved or lack of attention by bullying .
Either way , we have to protect the children and to educate them on how to respect and guide
them with the strong values of respect and care .

Accomplished by : Patricia Louise Alvarez-Descalzo