ENGLESKI JEZIK ZA STUDENTE II GODINE VISE

EKONOMSKE SKOLE
(autorizovana predavanja i vezbe)

BUSINESS ACROSS THE LANGUAGE GAPS

Communications today between companies are becoming faster and faster. But
there is still one problem that has not bean completely resolved- the problem of
language. In the United States or Britain, for example, most companies are used to
dealing in English. This is fine if you are buying from a German, Indian or Nigerian
Company. However, when it comes to selling abroad, American and British companies
are finding that things are not so simple
Take the case of a London-based supplier of plastics. Managers were delighted
when they landed a multi-million pound contract to supply casings for computers and
other electronic equipment to a factory in Iran... Everything went well at first... However,
problems began to develop after a few months. The British Company had received a
large quantity of correspondence in Farsi. But there was no one in the London office that
could read the faxes and letters. So they were sent out to a firm of translators and there
was a long delay in replying to them The Iranian Company grew increasingly frustrated
at the delays and finally cancelled the contract. It placed its orders instead with a French
firm employing a number of Farsi speakers.
Most companies faced with problems like this have little idea of how to set up
language training programmed. Some companies then rely on managers' individual
efforts. Others hope that secretaries picked up enough French at night School to be able
to deal with correspondence.
These responses are not good enough according to a report from the University of
London Language in Business Programmed (ULLBP) The report suggests that
personnel and training managers need to think more carefully about the way they plan
language training in a Company.
Effective language training programmed must begin with an assessment of
language needs in a Company. One approach is to make a list of the company's main
overseas customers and suppliers. This gives a clear idea of which languages are
necessary. If your main markets are in South America, then Spanish, and possibly
Portuguese, should be high on the agenda.
The next step is to look at the linguistic abilities of employees in a Company. A
"language awareness test" can help trainers to select those workers who will benefit
most from spending time on a new language. A ULLBP study suggests that English
speakers who have never studied a language before loam more slowly. They can take
three or even four times longer to reach intermediate level in French or German than
experienced language learners.

This type of language audit can help a Company to plan its training coherently and,
in the long run, to make large cost savings.
 CONFIRMATION AND EXECUTION OF ORDERS
When an order is received the usual practice is to confirm (acknowledge) it at
once. Some firms use a standard printed form for this purpose. It is better; however, to
send a letter in which the confirmation takes the form of s repetition of the order. This
turns the order into a firm contract,
After the order has been confirmed, the required goods should be sent without
delay, if they are in stock. When the goods are sent, the customer must be informed a)
what has beer sent; b) the time it was sent; c) the means of transport by which it has
been sent. If the order is for a future delivery, it is entered into the order book, while
orders, which can be executed from stock, are passed to the warehouse.
There are always some orders, which cannot be executed according to the offer
given. The reasons for this may include the following: some articles may be out of stock,
the seller cannot promise the delivery date, which the customer requires. In all these
cases further correspondence is necessary until everything has been cleared,

EXERCISES:

Put into direct speech:

1. Mr. Smith said that they had 300 cars in stock

2. Tom wanted to know how many orders they had received.
3. Mr. Harris explained they did not produce that article any longer.
4 The Manager asked if the customers were satisfied with the quality.
5. He told them to stress the favorable price of the product.
6. Mr. Carlson announced that they would be forced to increase the prices.
7. He said they could not promise prompt delivery.
8. The customer asked what the prices included.

Make these sentences passive:

1. We do not know that firm.

2. We have increased our sales.
3. I would like to know if the price includes VAT
4. I sent the inquiry by telex
5. Who did you address it to?
6. They will load the goods on the next ship.
7. They did not indicate the port of destination
8. Where did they exhibit their new product?

COUNTER OFFERS
 If the customer wants the goods, which are out of stock or are no longer produced,
the seller will offer substitutes rather than refuse the customer. He will have to persuade
the buyer to take the substitute. To achieve this the seller will stress such aspects as the
good quality of the product offered new features of the product or the favorable price.

PACKING
Every exporter is faced with the problem of packing because the goods have to be
packed in such a way as to reach the customer in perfect condition. Some big firms
have a special department for packing and some leave the packing and transport of
goods to Forwarding Agents
All goods must be packed with great care, even more so those that have to travel a
long distance. Packing should protect the goods from damage, movement or dampness.
Therefore they should be packed neither too tight, or too loose. It is sometimes
necessary to have cases made to measure to sully the type and dimensions of the
goods.
Cotton and wool are packed in bates. Bales are used for soft goods and can be
made in different sizes.
Cans or tins are used for packing paint and foodstuffs.
Chemicals are packed in carboys and drums.
Nowadays many goods are carried in large containers. This is practical, because
goods need little packing before they are put into a container. It is also safe because
goods do not break. Another advantage is that it is very simple to transport goods in
containers, as containers can be put on any form of transport. In short, containers save
time are easy to handle and protect the goods. Many companies buy containers
designed specially for their goods.
Different goods require different methods of packing. Wheat or cement is packed in
bags or sacks.
Kegs, casks or barrels are used for liquids.
Cases are used for various kinds of goods (machinery, etc.) and are made of
wood.
Crates are also used for various types of goods. They are sometimes open on top
and can be made in different sizes to suit the particular goods they have to carry.
A bundle is a number of things fixed or tied together.
Marking is very important, as every package must be marked in the export trade.
Marks serve as identification. They may show the port of destination, weights and
dimensions or instructions for handling.. These warnings are usual: This side up! Use no
hooks' Handle with care! Fragile!

Examples of instructions on packing;

- We supply these machines in specially designed crates. If you do not return the
empty crates to us within 4 weeks, you will be charged £ 5 each.
- These products are available in strong metal drums.
- We will pack the material in bales.
- If cartons are used, please supply each chemical in strong polythene bags to
ensure protection from damp.
- Please wraps each item separately.
- Crates must not exceed an overall length of 8 feet.
- On the attached sheet you wilt find full details regarding packing and marking.
They oust be strictly observed.
- Please uses normal export containers unless you receive special instructions
from our agents.
- When packing is complete, please inform our agents.
- Please marks all cases K R Durban.

SHIPPING AND FORWARDING

The arrangements for transport of goods can be made by the seller or the buyer
according to who is making the arrangements; we must know how much it will cost to
ship the goods. Many use the services of a forwarding agent that then arranges the
transportation of goods. As forwarding agents usually book a great deal of shipping
space they obtain more favorable prices
Freight is one of the expenses, which must be calculated into the price of the
goods, increasing freight charges may lead to increasing prices, which may decrease
sales.
The price of sending goods by sea, the freight charge, is calculated according to
the measurement of weight. If the goods are made of heavy materials (iron, steel) the
freight is usually calculated according to weight. If they are made of light materials (fruit)
the freight is calculated according to volume.
When the goods leave the possession of the seller, documents must be obtained
from ail those people who handle the consignment on its way to the buyer. When the
goods are sent by road, rail and air. The Consignment note or Waybill must be obtained.
It is evidence of contract used by road, rail and air carriers. It is usually made in three
copies: one is for the sender, one for the carriers and one for the receivers This
document is not negotiable, which means that it cannot be used to pass on the right to
the goods.

Examples:

- Please advises of frequency of sailing and if cargo space must be

- Please let us know on which day the ship closes for cargo
- Please advises us of the loading dates.
- Our rates are subject to change without previous notice.
- We can offer you a substantial discount for regular shipments.
- The tractors can be delivered to FAS s/s ORIENT, Port of London.
- The goods are to be shipped by the first available vessel to Antwerp.
- All charges are payable by us and the Bills of Lading must be marked freight
prepaid.
- The closing date for cargo is 11 April.
- According to the terms of contract the shipment is to be made by 15 March and
we must have the Bills of Lading by 10 March.

BILL OF LADING B/L

A Bill of Lading is a consignment note used when goods are sent by sea. It is a
proof that goods have left the seller and that the Transport Company has taken them.
A B/L is made in three copies. One copy is for the seller, one for the Master of the
ship and one for the buyer.
When goods are loaded at the docks they are checked and the Bill of Lading
acknowledges that the goods have been put on board the ship in good condition. It is a
"clean" Bill of Lading and the Master of the vessel signs it. If the goods do not arrive on
board in good condition it is noted and such Bill of Lading is "unclean" or "dirty",
A Bill of Lading is a document of title that is proof of ownership of goods. The
consignee (buyer, importer) can get his goods only when he presents the Bill of Lading.
Another characteristic of the Bill of Lading is that it is a negotiable document, which
means that it can be sold. The buyer (importer) can endorse the Bill of Lading and sell
goods in this way, even before they arrive. The buyer endorses it by writing his name on
the back of the Bill. The advantage of this is that the importer can sell the goods while
the ship is still at sea. The buyer then presents the B/L and collects the goods when the
ship arrives at the port of destination. The first importer has the money to start another
transaction.
The Bill of Lading contains the following details:

- The name of the ship carrying the goods

- The port of loading
- The port of destination
- The name of the shipper
- The consignee
- The marks and numbers of packages
- The quantity
- The description of the goods
- The type of packing
- The weight and measurements

Answer the following questions:

- What is a Bill of Lading?

- In how many copies is it Made?
- Who are the copies for?
- What types of Bill of Lading are there?
- Which is the main characteristic of the Bill of Lading?
- What is a negotiable document?
- When will the importer endorse the Bill of Lading?
- How does he endorse it?
- What details does the Bill of Lading contain?
 Translate the following text into Serbian.

When a consignment is loaded, an officer or agent of the shipping Company signs

the B/L that the goods have been "received in apparent good order and condition" In
other words, the consignment must be exactly as written on the Bill and not different. If
there is any difference between what it says on the Bill and the actual condition of the
consignment, the Shipping Company has to write a clause on the Bill giving the damage
or loss. In this case it is no longer a "clean" Bill of Lading and the bank representing the
importer may not accept it. So the exporter's bank may not be able to get payment for
the goods. For this reason "foul" or "closed" Bill of Lading must be avoided at all costs
and exporters must make sure their goods arrive at the docks in good order and
condition.

SHIPPING DOCUMENTS
The Bill of Lading, invoice and the insurance policy (certificate) are called shipping
documents. The buyer sometimes requires other documents to be included, documents
which are usually connected with the question of duty to be paid on the imported goods.
Such documents are the Consular Invoice, the Certificate of Origin, Certificate of Value,
etc.
Commercial Invoice is the name of an invoice for imported goods. It contains full
details of the order, as well as charges for transport and insurance. Its main function is
that it is a record of the transaction for exporters, importers and Customs authorities, it
may be required by the bank, the Shipping Company and the Customs authorities. The
bank needs it to effect payment and the Customs authorities need it to calculate duties.
The invoice can be sent to the buyer by post, through an agent or through a bank.
Consular Invoice is a certificate given by the Consul of the buyer's country in the
seller's country, because some countries insist that their consulate in the seller’s country
certify invoices. The Consular Invoice gives details, which are necessary for assessing
import duty it is necessary for importing goods into some countries. Like most
documents in foreign trade it is made in triplicate. Two are sent to the port of importation
authorities and the third copy is added to the shipping documents.
Certificate of Origin is a document, which is usually required when countries have
arranged lower import duties between themselves. Its function is to show and guarantee
the country of origin of the goods.

Translate the following text into Serbian:

Commercial invoices contain all the details of export transactions including a list of
goods, the value of the order, export terms, terms of payment and, sometimes, detailed
breakdowns of costs.
All this information is required by the organizations concerned with the export
transactions.
These are insurance companies, exporters, importers, banks and the Customs.
Exporters and importers as records of transactions use invoices.
Banks use them to effect payment.
The Customs use them to calculate import taxes. Insurance companies use them
to fix the values of consignments.
The amount of detail required on an invoice varies from one importing country to
another.
Exporters send their invoices with the other shipping documents to their bank so
that their bank may present them for payment.

BILL OF EXCHANGE B/E

The Bill of Exchange is an order from a creditor (exporter) to a debtor (importer) to
pay on demand or at a given date a certain sum of money to the person named in the
bill, or to his order.
It functions in the following way.
The exporter writes (draws) a draft to the importer telling him to pay a certain
amount of money to a third party.
The exporter is the drawer, the importer is the draw, and the third party (which will
receive the money) is the payee (it is either the exporter or his bank).

DRAWER ---- DRAWEE ----- PAYEE

The drawee accepts to pay the draft (bill) when it becomes due.
He accepts the bill by signing his name across the face of the bill, and it is now a
legal promise to pay.
If the importer (drawee) does not pay, the bill is "dishonored" and the bank will
"protest" it that is obtaining legal proof that the bill has not been paid.
The Bill of Exchange is payable "at sight", that is when it is presented to the debtor
(a sight bill), or a certain number of days "after sight" (a usance bill).
It means that the bill will be paid "at maturity", that is 60, 120, or 180 days after
sight (the day the draft was accepted) In that way the importer does not have to pay for
the goods immediately; he has credit until the Bill matures.
On the other hard the exporter has the Bill of Exchange and no money and he
might need his money to use in new transactions.
He can easily get it.
A very important characteristic of the B/E is that it is negotiable.
It means that the holder (exporter) can transfer it to somebody else.
To do this, the holder must endorse it. They are signing his name on the back of
the Bill.
As a negotiable instrument the Bill of Exchange can be sold.
Buyers and Sellers who trade in Bills for profit are mainly banks.
 Translate into Serbian:

Credit is normal in export trade.

When the importer has signed a Bill of Exchange, the exporter usually has to wait
about 90 days before it can be exchanged for money.
As a Bill of Exchange is negotiable, the exporter may discount the Bill at his bank
before 90 days have passed.
The exporter has the money to start another transaction immediately and the bank
collects the money when the Bill of Exchange is paid.

Begin the following sentences with: Please inform us...

1. Can you allow us credit terms?

2. When can you supply us with references?
3. Have you drawn a sight draft?
4. When did you present the draft for payment?
5. When will the bank release the document?
6. When was the B/E sent?
7. Did the drawee accept the Bill?
8. Did the drawee name the bank?
9. Which bark did he name?
10. Why didn't you pay the bill on the due date?
11. Will the bill be paid in pounds or in dollars?
12. When does the bill become due?

WHAT ECONOMICS IS
Years ago, beginners used to want a one-sentence definition of economics: and in
response to this strong demand, there was no shortage of supply. Here are a few such
definitions:

1. Economics is the study of those activities that involve money and exchange
transactions among people.
2. Economics is the study of how men choose to use scarce of limited
productive resources (land, labor, capital goods such as machinery, and technical
knowledge) to produce various commodities (such as wheat, beef, overcoats,
concerts, roads and yachts) and to distribute them to various members of society for
their consumption.
3. Economics is the study of men in their ordinary business of life, earning and
enjoying a living.
4. Economics is the study of how mankind goes about the business of
organizing its consumption and production activities.
5. Economics is the study of wealth.

The list is a good one; yet, by spending one hour in the proper corner of a good
library, a scholar can extend it many times over. It is always hard to compress into a Few
lines an exact description of any subject, one that will differentiate its boundaries from
those of other disciplines and convey to the beginner all the things it is. Economics
certainly does involve all the elements stressed in these various definitions - and all
those implied in the larger list that could be compiled.
Today, if forced to choose but one of the listed definitions, experts would probably
incline towards the second. They know that money is important; but if China were to
abandon the use of all money next year, it would still have numerous problems of the
kind that economics is designated to deal with Robinson Cruse and the self-sufficient
frontiersmen who engage in no exchange or barter of goods still fall within the province
of economics.
To speak of the ordinary business of life does call attention to the fact that
economics cannot describe how a man feels in church on Sunday, the goose flesh he
gets when Eliot reads or Sinatra sings, the pangs of love, or the travail of dying The best
things in life are not free; but they are not for sale in the market place either.
In brief, no one definition of economics is precise, or is one really needed.
However, an informative introductory description would be the following:
Economics is the study of how men and society choose, with or without the use of
money, to employ scarce productive resources to produce various commodities over
time and distribute them for consumption, now and in the future, among various people
and groups in society.

("Economics" by Paul A Samuelson)

THE EXECUTIVE'S PLACE IN BUSINESS

Leadership, in directing the combined efforts of men and women towards some
common objective, is as old as civilization. Since the dawn of human history men have
collaborated with one another in the various activities of life. Such working together for a
common end implies arrangements for a division of labor, which in turn assumes the
existence of a leader - someone whose task is to make plans and see that the group
carries them out.
Leadership plays a dominant role in any activity involving groups of people, but we
are particularly concerned with business, whether it is called industry, commerce,
profession, or trade.
A business exists to serve human ends as well as to make profits. An efficient and
profitable business, in creating a customer and satisfying his needs by providing goods
or services, should make a positive and valuable contribution to the well being and
satisfaction of everybody concerned with it. Those who control it have a responsibility to
the proprietors, fellow-workers, customers and the community. Business must be
considered in terms of the people who provide the money with which it is run the people
whom work in it, the people who buy the goods and services, and the community of
which it is part. All of them must profit from its activities. All of them are vitally affected by
the way, in which it is conducted.
The proprietor may conduct a small business himself. He will have first-hand
experience not only of the work but also of all his workers, and he finds it possible by
himself to balance the needs of the work with his knowledge of the abilities of his people
to carry it out. As the business grows and the number of people employed increases, the
work must be divided and subdivided to meet the new requirements.

ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT PLANNING

The maxim, “managing means looking ahead” gives some idea of importance
attached to planning in the business world, and it is true that if foresight is not the whole
of Management at least it is an essential part of it. To foresee, in this context, means
both to assess the future and make provision for it, that is foreseeing is itself action
already. Planning is manifested on a variety of occasions and in variety of ways, its chief
manifestation, apparent sign and most effective instrument being the plan of action. The
plan of action is, at one and the same time, the result envisaged, the line of action to be
followed, the stages to go through, and methods to use. It is a kind of future picture
wherein proximate events are outlined with some distinctness, whilst remote events
appear progressively less distinct, and it entails the running of the business as foreseen
and provided against over a definite period.
The plan of action rests: (1) on the firm’s resources (buildings, tools, raw materials,
personnel, productive capacity, sales outlets, public relations, etc); (2) on the mature and
importance of work in progress; (3) on future trends which depend partly on technical,
commercial, financial and other conditions, all subject to change, whose importance and
occurrence cannot be pre-determined. The preparation of the plan of action is one of the
most difficult and most important matters of every business and brings into play all
departments and all functions, especially the management function. It is, in effects, in
order to carry out his managerial function that the manager takes the iniciative for the
plan of action, that he indicates its objective and scope, fixes the share of each
department in the communal task, co-ordinates the parts, and harmonizes the whole;
that he decides, in fine, the line of conduct to be followed. In this line of conduct it is not
only imperative that nothing should clash with principles and rules of good management,
but also that the arrangement adopted should facilitate application of these principles
and rules. Therefore, to the divers technical, commercial, financial and other abilities
necessary on the part of a business head and his assistants, there must be added
considerable managerial ability.

BANKING

AGENCY ARRANGEMENTS
- Establishing, maintaining and enhancing agency arrangements
- Circular letters
- Credit lines
- Requesting and rendering information to correspondents
 ESTABLISHING MAINTAINING AND ENHANCING AGENCY
ARRANGEMENTS
These are initial steps in establishing relations between two banks. Whether the
domestic or foreign bank takes the initiative, the other party should accept it. Banks
usually welcome agency arrangements as they facilitate interbank relations, especially if
they are of long-term character.
II these relations are not expected to be particularly active, or if the arrangement s
for a single contract or job, banks will most probably agree to settle their debts through
their already-existing accounts with other banks. Otherwise, they agree to exchange
accounts, i.e. to establish account-maintaining relations in one or more currencies. In
the latter case banks exchange Control documents (such as test Keys. specimen
signature books), tariffs, annual reports, mailing lists and determine short-term credit
financing and credit lines. At this starting stage it is recommendable to state the credit
limit of the overdraft, if it is permitted, so that fewer problems would arise between the
banks later on.
No matter now much care is taken to avoid complications in interbank relationship,
Issues of one sort or other are inevitable. They may be such issues, which arise from
incorrect messages sent to correspondents, or their failure 10 carries out some
instructions received etc. Whatever the case may be the correspondent banker will do
his test to put things right at least possible inconvenience for the other party.
Correspondent bankers will always exercise high degree of patience, goodwill and
understanding. If not, their letters may sound unfriendly and even rude, so that it may
lead to disturbance of fine bank relations, which is by no means in the interest of either
of them. Ultimately, that may bring about discontinuance of the arrangement. Agency
arrangement may be terminated when it is no longer Economic or business-like B
maintains the accounts or the arrangements because the volume of transactions has
decreased to a very low level. Yet such instances are too sporadic at the international
level.

CIRCULAR LETTERS
These letters are frequently written to all correspondents and as a rule they contain
the details of general importance for all of them They concern the information such as a
change of address or name, establishment of a facility to enhance execution of banking
operations, e.g. opening a P O Box for a particular segment of mail, introduction of SIFT
services, mergers, lost, stolen and forged cheques.
What characterizes circulars, as their main feature is lack of personal contact: they
are not addressed to an individual but either to a department or the bank in general.
They are commonly, though not necessarily, sent unsigned.
Whenever some general information is required, the circular is most practical.
Circulars are frequently applicable as reminders,
However, following the principle of general importance, circulars may also refer to
some particular subject areas.

REQUESTING AND RENDERING INFORMATION TO

 CORRESPONDENTS
It is a common case that a domestic banker requires and obtains information which
is not of a strictly financial nature, but may be relevant to his risk-taking when deciding
whether or not to support a client in his New business with an unknown partner. This
information-rendering banker is considered free of any responsibility and the information
it self is highly confidential. Such a service is always done bona fide and may be of great
importance for a correspondent who asks for it.

CREDIT LINES
If establishment of a credit line as a form of short-term financing is not initiated at
the very beginning when agency arrangement is made, the need to do so may arise
soon.
The main reason why a bank draws a credit line is the lack of foreign currency
when funds must be provided for current payments in foreign trade it is one of the ways
to support export-import business.
The importer's banker draws a credit line from the exporter's banker, i.e. his
correspondent with whom he has established agency arrangement. This means that the
former borrows from the latter certain amount of currency at LIBOR (London Inter-Bank
Offered Rate) to which the agreed interest margin is added. So, the borrower, the
importer's banker, is charged LIBOR plus the agreed margin.
Credit lines are not extremely easy to obtain. Before granting such a loan the
exporter's banker will approach the relevant institution in his country (the ECGD in Great
Britain, Hermes in Germany, JUBMES in Yugoslavia, etc.) in order to obtain a
guarantee, which takes the form of a loan insurance. These institutions will determine
the terms of the loan, i.e. credit line, whether it is a mid-term or a long-term one. The
terms of a credit line will be dependent on the risk rating of the borrower's country and
the length of the credit line validity period
As for (he repayment of credit lines, disbursements are spread over the agreed
period so that there can be a number of payments in smaller amounts which are effected
on different dates.
The correspondence in case of a credit line is very simple and may be presented in
the form of a concise request. However, some more complex and longer
correspondence may follow later on for a number of various reasons. These reasons
may be stated or not, implied or not, but in any case they may even bring about
disruption of good relations. That stage would call for some very tactful clarification.
In some cases, one of the correspondents decides to amend the terms, or even to
cancel further utilization of a credit line. The other party will react tactfully to ensure that
the relations be carried on as smoothly and as successfully as possible.

CLEAN PAYMENTS
- Cheques
- Drafts
- Payment orders
 Unlike the documentary payments, where banks are instructed to make payments
against certain documents, clean payments do not include any commercial documents.
Clean payments are transfers, which may be classified into private cheques, banker's
cheques or drafts and payment orders.
As far as private cheques are concerned, individual clients may drawee them in
payment of some invoices abroad or as remittances to other persons. The drawee bank
may enclose the advice with the cheques. On the basis of this advice the paying bank
will readily encase the cheque, as the invoice is the actual guarantee that the cheque
will be honored by the drawee.
Many banks have their pre-printed forms witch help carry out such transactions
very speedily as paper work is minimized.

DRAFTS
The Banker's Draft is a method of foreign payment similar to cheques in the home
trade. It is also payable on demand like the cheque but differs from it by being risk-free
since the risk is taken by the banker who issues it.
Many an importer settles his debt by buying drafts from his banker and by sending
them to his partners/exporters who may deposit the amount into their accounts. The
draft is drawn by the exporter or his foreign partner/importer, i.e. his banker and is
presented for payment through the exporter's banker and his correspondent in the
importer's country (preferably the importer's barker).

PAYMENT ORDERS
Payment order, also called Banker's Transfer is a very simple instrument of
international payment. Following the instructions of the Order Party (importer or debtor)
given either by letter or on a standard printed form, the banker/remitter will send the
payment to the beneficiary's bank (the paying bank) Currently the most common types
of transfer are those sent by fax or SWIFT which are authenticated by means of tests. In
cases when remitter and the paying bank have not established account-maintaining
relations, the third bank is brought into play to provide reimbursement for the paying
bank, i.e. to cover it (thus its name Covering/Reimbursing Bank).

BANKERS GUARANTEES
Though guarantees may refer to various things, we shall consider bank guarantees
here, which apply to a number of debt-securing instruments. By definition the guarantee
is a written undertaking by the guarantor given to a banker (the creditor) to be
answerable for the debt of another person (the debtor) to the banker upon default of the
debtor.
Apart from being either Nostro/Outgoing or Lore/Incoming Guarantees, they can
also be tender/bid bonds, performance bonds, advance payment guarantees, etc.
dependent of what they warrant. In certain cases it is essential to establish a
combination of payment-securing or performance-securing instruments.
 SECURITIES
Securities in their widest sense are documents giving title to property or claims on
income, which may be lodged e.g. as securities for a bank bar. There are various types
of securities ranging from cheques and bills of exchange as used in commerce on the
one hand, and those concerning stock exchanges on the other, such as stocks (USA) or
shares (GB), bonds, bills and notes. The latter types of securities are kinds of
investment and they differ from the USA to Great Britain.
Securities can be classified into long-term and short-term ones on the one hand,
and those issued either by business companies or governments on the other.
Banks in the USA do not deal with securities other than cheeses and bills of
exchange since that is prohibited by the Federal Law. Therefore there are Certificates of
Deposit, which work just like bonds. People invest some money into Certificates of
Deposit (Cds) and earn some interest on them.
Bonds are commonly used by governments or states, city or municipality
authorities or, indeed, by highly reputable companies in which cases they are referred to
as "guilt-edged bonds". They are long-term securities as they may be issued up to a 30-
year-long term.
Bills are issued to terms varying between 30 days and 30 years, whereas notes are
yet shorter-term securities
Unlike the American system briefly described above, British securities system
consists of government loans in form of stocks, which may be Guilt-Edged Stocks,
Treasury Bills, and National Savings Stocks.

GLOSSARY

A
Abandon - napustiti, ostaviti, odreći se
Аbandonment - napuštanje, ostavljanje
Abbreviation - skraćenje; skraćenica
Ability - veština, sposobnost, moć
Ability to pay - sposobnost plaćanja
Competitive ability - konkurentska sposobnost
Working ability - radna sposobnost
Abolish - poništiti, ukinuti
Abolish the duty - ukinuti carinu
Abound - obilovati
Absence - nedostatak; odsustvo
Absence of evidene - nedostatak dokaza
In the absence of - u nedostatku
Absolute - apsolutan; potpun
Absolute acceptance - bezuslovni akcept; bezuslovno prihva tanje
Absolute surplus value - apsolutan višak vrednosti
Abstract - izvod, rezime; sažeti
Abundance - mnoštvo; obilje
In abundance - u izobilju
Abuse - zloupotreba
Accept - pristati; prihvatiti; primiti
Accept the order - prihvatiti porudžbinu
Acceptance - prihvatanje; prijem; preuzimanje; akcept
Banker s acceptance - bankovni akcept
Obtain acceptance - dobiti akcept
Access - prilaz; pristup
Gain access to the market - izaći na tržište
Accident - nezgoda; slučaj
Accident insurance - osiguranje protiv nesreće
By accident - slučajno
Accommodate - prilagoditi; podesiti
Accomplish - ostvariti; postići
Accomplish a task - obaviti zadatak
Accordance - saglasnost
In accordance with - u saglasnosti sa
According to - prema, po, na osnovu
According to standard sample - prema standardnom uzorku
Account - račun; izveštaj; konto; dobiti; prednost; objasniti; oprav dati; položiti račun;
smatrati za
Current account (A/C) - tekući račun
Account holder - vlasnik računa
Account title - naziv računa
Annual account - godišnji račun
Cash account - račun blagajne
Closed account - završni račun
Commission account - obračun provizije
Credit account - kreditni saldo; račun pasive (bilansa)
Debit account - račun rashoda
Foreigh exchange account - devizni račun
Giro account - žiro račun
Savings account - štedni račun
Accountancy - računovodstvo; knjigovodstvo
Accountant - računovođa
Accounting - računovodstvo
 Accounting departament - odeljenje za računovodstvo
Accumulation - akumulacija; gomilanje
Primitive accumulation - prvobitna akumulacija
Achieve - ostvariti; postići
Achievement - uspeh; dostignuće
Acknowledge - potvrditi
Acknowledge receipt - potvrditi prijem
Act - delo; radnja; akcija; odluka; zakon; delovati; raditi
Act of law - pravni akt
Act upon - preduzeti akciju
Activity - delatnost; aktivnost
Actual - stvaran; sadašnji; aktuelan
Actual assets - čista imovina
Adapt - prilagoditi
Additional - naknaditi; dopunski; dodatni
Additional charges - dodatni troškovi
Adjoin - priključiti; pridodati
Adjustment - podešavanje; korekcija; usaglašavanje
Price adjustment - korekcija cene
Administration - uprava; administracija; upravljanje; vlada
Adopt -prihvatiti; usvojiti
Advance - akontacija; avans; napredak; napredovati
Advantage - prednost; preimućstvo
Take advantage of - iskoristiti
Advertise - oglasiti; reklamirati
Advertising - reklama; reklamna delatnost
Advertising agensy - reklamna agencija
Advise - obaveštenje, izveštaj; savet
Advice of payment - izveštaj o uplati
Affair - posao; predmet; delatnost
Foreign affairs - inostrani poslovi
Affect - uticati
Afterdate - postdatirati
Against - protiv; prema
Against documents - plaćanje po predaji dokumenata
Agency - zastupništvo; agencija; organ
State agency - državni organ
Trade agency - trgovinsko zastupljeništvo
Agent - agent; zastupnik
Sales agent - zastupni prodaje
Aggregate - ukupan
Aggregate demand - ukupna tražnja
Agreement - ugovor; sporazumM; saglasnost
Licence agreement - licencni ugovor
Partnership agreement - ugovor o ortakluku
Enter into an agreement - zaključiti sporazum/ugovor
Eign an agreement - potpis ugovora
Agriculture -poljoprivreda
Agicultural - poljoprivredni
Agriculture land - poljoprivredno zemljište
Amalgamation - spajanje; intergracija
Amount - suma; iznos; svota; dostizati
Gross amount - bruto iznos
Profit amount - veličina profita
Total amount - ukupan iznos
Aannual - godišnji
Annual report - godišnji izveštaj
Anticipate - predvideti; planirati unapred
Aticipated deficit - planirani deficit
Application - molba, zahtev; primena
Credit application - zahteva za kredit
Appoint - naimenovati; postaviti
Appraise - proceniti
Appraise somebody s ability - proceniti neciju sposobnost
Approximate - približan; približno
Assembly - skupljanje; skupština; montaža
Assembly line - pokretna traka
Town assembly - gradska skupština
Assets - imovina; aktiva
Assets and liabilities - aktiva i pasiva
Capital assets - osnovni kapital
Cash assets - novčana (gotovinska) sredstva
Floating assets - obrtni kapital; tekuća aktiva
Tangible assets - materijalna sredstva
Assistance - pomoć
Association - povezivanje; asocijacija; društvo
Business association - poslovno udruženje
Assurance - osiguranje; sigurnost; uveravanje
Auction - aukcija; licitacija
Audit - revizija; provera; pregled; kontrola
Financial audit - finansijska kontrola
Authority - vlast; organ; pravo; nadležnost; punomoćje
Administrative authority - organ uprave
Avaliable - raspoloživ
Available funds - raspoloživa sredstva
Average - prosek; srednja vrednost; srednji; prosečan
Award - nagrada; odluka; dodeliti; nagraditi

B
Back - pozadina; poleđina; podržavati; zaostao
Back interest - zaostala kamata
 Back taxes - zaostali porez
Backer - žirant; jemac
Backing - pokriće; podrška; oslonac; žiriranje
Balance - bilans; saldo; ostatak; višak; meriti; saldirati
Balance due - iznos duga
Balance in cash - saldo blagajne
Balance of payments - platni bilans
Balance sheet - knjigovođstveni bilans
Trial balance - probni bilans
Settle the balance - izravnjati saldo
Bale - bala; denjak
Bale goods - denčana roba
Ban - zabrana; zabraniti
Banned for export - zabranjeno za izvoz
Bank - banka
Bank branch - filijala banke
Bank clerk - bankarski činovnik
Bank draft - bankovna menica
Banknote - banknota; novčanica
Bank of issue - emisiona banka
Bank returns - bankovni izveštaj
Basic bank - osnovna banka
Cooperative bank - zadružna banka
Data bank - banka podataka
Joint - stock bank - akcionarska banka
Mortgage bank - hipotekarna banka
Municipal bank - komunalna banka
National bank - narodna banka
Savings bank - štedionica
Bankar - bankar
Bankar s credit - bankovni kredit
Banking - bankarstvo
Banking commisson - bankarska provizija
Banking operations - bankarski poslovi
Bankrupt - bankrot; staviti pod stečaj
Declare bankrupt - objaviti tečaj
Bankruptcy - bankrotstvo; stečaj
Bankruptcy proceedings - stečajni postupak
Bargain - pogodba; posao; povoljna kupovina; cenjkati se; pogađati
Bargain price - niska (povoljna) cena
Bargain sale - rasprodaja
Barrel - bure; barel (mera za tečnost - 36 gal. u VB, 42 gal. u SAD)
Barrier - prepreka; pregrada; granica; garijera
Tariff barriers - carinske barijere
Trade barriers - trgovinske barijere
Barter - trampa; razmena; trampiti; menjati
Bear - nositi; snositi; podneti; trpeti
 Bear costs - snositi troškove
Bear risks - snositi rizike
Bearer - nosilac; donosilac
Payable to bearer - plativo dosiocu; na donosioca
Beneficiary - korisnik
Benefit - dobit; korist; beneficija; naknada; pomoć
Unemployment benefit - socijanla pomoć nezaposlenima
Bid - ponuda; licitaciona ponuda
Highest bid - najviša ponuda
Lowest bid - najniža ponuda
Invitation to bid - poziv na licitaciju
Bill - račun; menica; novčanica; nacrt zakona
Bill of charges - priznanica
Bill of delivery - dostavnica
Bill of entry - carinska deklaracija
Bill of exchange - vučena menica
Due bill - dospela menica
Issue a bill - izdati menicu
Meet an issue - isplatiti menicu
Bill of lading (b/l) - konosman; tovarni list
Black - crn
Black market - crna berza
Board - ploča; tabla; daska; komisija; odbor; ukrcati
Board of directors - upravni odbor
Editorial boards - uređivački odbor
Body - organ; osoba; telo; lice
Decision - making body - organ odlučivanja
Legislative body - zakonodavno telo
State organ - državni organ
Bond - obveznica; veza; bon; obavezati; smestiti robu u carinsko skladište
Bond bearer - obaveznica na donosioca
Treasury bond - državna obveznica
Boned debt - obligacioni dug
Boned zone - slobodna zona
Book - knjiga; sveska; knjižiti; rezervisati
Account books - računske knjige
Bank book - bankovna knjižica
Cheque book - čekovna knjižica
Invoice book (i.b.) - knjiga faktura
Pattern book - knjiga uzoraka
Savings book - štedna knjižica
Booking - rezervisanje; knjiženje
Booking office - blagajna
Bookkeepeer - knjigovođa
Bookkeeping - knjigovodstvo
Double - entry bookkeeping - dvostruko knjigovodstvo
Single - entry bookkeeping - jednostruko knjigovodstvo
Boom - uspon; bum
Economic boom - ekonomski napredak, bum
Borrow - pozajmiti
Bottom - dno; podloga
Bottom fright - najniža tarifa prevoza
Boundary - granica
Branch - ogranak; filijala; grana
Branch bank - filijala banke
Branch of economy - grana privrede
Brand - zaštitni znak; žig
Brand new - sasvim nov
Break - prekid; raskid; prekinuti; raskinuti
Break a contract - raskinuti ugovor
Breakdow - slom; propast; analiza
Breeding - odgoj; vaspitanje
Livestock breeding - stočarstvo
Bring - doneti; dovesti
Bring inflation under control - obuzdati inflaciju
Broker - posrednik; senzal
Customs broker - carinski posrednik
Exchange broker - devizni posrednik
Insurance broker - posrednik (agent) osiguranja
Stock broker - berzanski posrednik
Brokerage - posredovanje na berzi; posrednička provizija
Budget - budžet; predračun
Budget estimate - procena budžeta
Budget receipts - budžetski ishod
Household budget - kućni budžet
National budget - državni budžet
Excheed the budget - prekoračiti budžet
Budgetary - budžetski
Buffer - amortizer
Buffer stocks - tamponche (regulatorske) zalihe
Building - izgradnja; gradnja; zgrada
Building permit - građevinska dozvola
Building regulations - građevinski propisi
Bulk - Masa; glavnica; količina; obim
Bulky - obiman; masivan
Bulletin - bilten; izveštaj
Burden - tovar; teret; opteretiti; natovariti; trpeti opterećenje
Bureau - biro; ured; uprava
Federal Bureau of Statistics - savezni zavod za statistiku
Busines - biznis; posao; poslovanje; zanimanje; rad; trgovina; pre duzeće
Busines activity - poslovna aktivnost
Busines association - poslovno udruženje
Busines hours - radno vreme
Buy - kupiti
 Buy beck - ponovo kupiti; otkupiti
Buy for cash - kupiti za gotovo
Buy on hire purchase - kupiti na otplatu
Buyer - kupac
Prospective (possible) buyer - potencijalni (mogući) kupac
Buying - kupovina
Buying department - nabano odeljenje
Buying order - narudžbenica
Buying price - kupovina (nabavna) cena
By - pomoću; oko; pored
By means of - pomoću
By return of post - povratno poštom
By - product - nus proizvod
By - work - uzgredan posao

C
C/A - capital occount - račun kapitala
C. A. D. - cash against documents - plaćanje pri predaji dokume nata
Calculate - izračunati
Calculation - proračun; procena; kalkulacija
Rough calculation - grub proračun
Call - poziv; pozvati; posetiti
Payable at call - plativ na zahtev
Call off a deal - otkazati posao; dogovor
Campaign - kampanja; akcija
Advertising campaign - propagandna kompanija
Cancel - otkaziti; poništiti; raskinuti
Cancel an order - otkaziti porudžbinu
Card - karta; kartica
Credit card - kreditna kartica
Cargo - tovar; teret
Cargo insurance - osiguranje tereta
Carriage - kola; prevoz; transport
Carriage by rail - železnički prevoz
Carrier - prevoznik
Carry - nositi; prevoziti
Carry in stock - čuvati u skladištu
Cartel - kartel
Case - slučaj; parnica; predmet
In case of need - u slučaju potrebe
Cash - gotov novac; gotovina; blagajna
Cash audit - pregled blagajne
Cash discount (C/D) - popust pri plaćanju u gotovom
Cash remittance - novčana doznaka
Cashier - blagajnik
Cater - starati se; zadovoljiti
Caterer - ugostiteljski radnik
Catering - ugostiteljstvo
Catering firm - ugostiteljsko preduzeće
Centre - središte; centar
Training centre - centar za osposobljavanje osoba
Certificate - svedočanstvo; potvrda; atest
Certificate of origin - uverenje o poreklu
Chain - lanac; mreža (trgovačka)
Department - store chain - lanac robne kuće
Chairman - precednik
Chamber - komora; veće
Chamber of commerce - trgovinska komora
Chamber of the economy - privredna komora
Yugoslav Chamber of Economy - privredna komora Jugoslavije
Channel - Kanal; prolaz
Charge - potraživanje cena; trošak
Free of charge - besplatno
Charge back - naknadno zadužiti
Charges - troškovi; izdaci
Charges forward - plaćanje pouzeće
Charges prepaid - Unapred plaćeni troškovi
Freight charges - troškovi prevoza
Charter - karter; povlastica; dozvola; zakup
Cheap - jeftin
Check - provera; kontrola; proveriti
Quality check - kontrola kvaliteta
Chequue - ček
Chequue account - čekovni račun
Crossed chequue - barirani ček
Postal chequue - poštanski ček
Chief - šef
Chief accountant - šef računovodstva
Choice - izbor; asortiman
Optimal choice - optimalni izbor
Random choice - slučajan izbor
Circulation - opticaj promet
Commodity carculation - robni promet
Withdraw from calculation - povući iz opticaja
Citizen - državljanin
Civil - gradjanski; civilni; gradjevinski
Civil enginering - građevinarstvo
Civil rights - građanska prava
Clain - zahtev
Clain for extention of time - zahtev za produženje roka
Clash - sukob
Clause - klauzula
Clearance - odobrenje; rasprodaja
Clearance sale - rasprodaja
Clearing - kliring; obračun
Clearing balance - obračunski saldo
Clearing currency - obračunska valuta
Clerical - kancelarijski
Clerk - činovnik
Close - blizak; prisan; zatvoriti; završiti
Close the balance - zaključiti bilans
Code - šifra
Post code (zip) - poštanski broj
Coin - Metalni novac
Collect - prikupljati
Collection - zbirka; naplata; skupljanje
Collect advice - izveštaj o napadu
Collective - kolektiv; zajednički
Collective farm - seljačka radna zadruga
Come - doći; prispeti
Come into force - stupiti na snagu
Commerce - trgovina
Commercial - trgovački komercijalan
Commercial correspondence - trgovačka korespondencija
Commercial value - tržišna vrednost
Commission - komisioni posao; komisionalan
Commisson agent - komisionar
Commisson fee - komisiona provizija
Standing commission - stalna komisija
Commitment - finansijska obaveza
Commodity - roba; proizvof
Commodity exchange - robni promet
Commodity stocks - robni fondovi
Common - običan zajednički
Common carrier - javni prevoznik
Common market - zajdeničko tržište
Communal - komunalan; opštinski
Communal services - komunalna delatnost
Community - zajednica
Social community - društvena zajednica
Company - kompanija; društvo; udruženje
Joint - stock company - akcionarsko društvo
Limited liability company - društvo sa ograničenom odgovor nošću
Compete - takmičiti se; konkurisati
Competition - konkurencija
Fair compentition - poštena konkurencija
Perfect competition - savršena konkurencija
Competitive - konkurentan
Competitor - konkurentan; takmičar
Comlaint - reklamacija; žalba
Complex - složen; kompeksan
Agro - industrial comlex - agro industrijski kompleks
Composition - sastav; struktura
Compulsory - obavezan; prinudan
Comlusory education - obavezno obrazovanje
Concept - pojam
Concern - odnos; veza
Confidence - poverenje
Confirmation - potvrda
Consideratin - razmatranje
Constitution - ustav; sastav
Consume - trošiti
Consumer - potrošač
Consumer goods - roba široke potrošnje
Consumption - potrošnja
Per capita consumption - potrošnja po glavi stanovnika
Contract - ugovor
Contribution - doprinos
Cooperation - saradnja
Cost - trošak; cena
Cost of delivery - troškovi dostave
Labour cost - troškovi radne snage
Counter - suprotan
Create - stvoriti načiniti
Credit - kredit; poverenje
Credit rating - kreditna sposobnost
Crisis - kriza
Crop - žetva
Currency - valuta
Common currency - zajednička valuta
Sound currency - jaka valuta
Current - tekući; sadašnji
Current liability - tekuća obaveza
Cut - sniženje; smanjenje

D
Datum - data - podatak; činjenica
Data procesing - obrada podataka
Date - datum
Dead line - krajnji rok
Deal - posao; pogodba
Dealer - trgovac; posrednik
 Retail dealer - trgovac na malo
Dept - dug; obaveza
Long - term dept - duročni dug
Decline - pad; smanjenje
Deduction - oduzimanje; odbitak
Tax deduction - poreska olakšica
Deficiency - nedostatak; manjak
Deliver - isporučiti; dostaviti
Delivery - isporuka
Delivery order (D. O) - nalog za isporuku
Demand - zahtev; potražnja
Peak demand - najjača potražnja
Deposit - ulog; kaucija
Savings deposite - štedni ulog
Time deposit - oročeni depozit
Depreciation - deprecijacija; obezvređivanje
Depression - kriza; depresija
Destination - odredište mesto opredeljenje
Detriment - šteta; gubitak
Development - razvoj
Direct - direktan; neposredan
Direct taxes - neposredni porezi
Director - direktor
Board of direktors - upravni odbor direkcije
Disadvantage - gubitak; šteta; nedostatak
Discount - rabat; popust
Trade discount - popust u ceni robe
Discrepancy - odstupanje; neslaganje
Dismiss - otpustiti; obustaviti
Distribution - podela distribucija
Distribution of income - raspodela dohotka
Division - podela
Division of labour - podela rada
Draft - vučena menica; nalog; nacrt
Draw - vući; povlačiti
Draw money from a bank - povući novac iz banke

F
Fabric - tkanina; materijal
Facilitate - olakšati
Facility - olakšica; pomoć
Failure - nedostatak; nestašica; neuspeh
Fair - izložba; sajam
Fair grouns - sajmište
 Trade fair - privredni sajam
Farm - farma
Farmer - farmer
Farming - poljoprivreda
Fee - novčana nagrada honorar
Author’s fee - autorski honorar
Commission fee - komisiona provizija
File - dosije
Data file - datoteka
Finance - finansije; kreditiranje
Financial - finansijski; novčani
Financial resources - finansijska sredstva
Financing - finansiranje
Fine - novčana kazna
Firm - preduzeće
Fit - pogodan; podesan
Flexible - fleksibilan; savitljiv
Flexsible prices - elastične cene
Flow - tok; protok
Flow of goods and services - kretanje roba i usluga
Forecast - prognoza; proračun
Foreign - stran; inostran
Foreign affairs - inostrani poslovi
Foster - gajiti; unaprediti
Franchisee - primalac franšize
Franchiser - davalac franšize
Fraud - prevara; obmana
Free - slobodan; besplatan
Free copy - besplatan primerak
Free warehouse - franko skladište
Freigh - teret; prevoz robe
Fund - fond; finansirati
Avaliable funds - raspoloživa sredstva
Common fund - zajednički fond
Fusion - spajanje fusija

G
Gain - profit; dobit
Gap - praznina; jaz; nestašica
General - opšti; generalni
General ledger - glavna knjigovodstvena knjiga
Goods - roba
Goods train - teretni voz
Goods in stock - roba na skladištu
 Fragile goods - lomljiva roba
Government - vlada; uprava; država
Government agency - državni organ
Government bonds - državne obaveznice
Grand - subvencija; novčana pomoć
Gross - ukupan iznos; bruto
Gross amount - bruto iznos
Gross yield - bruto prinos
Ground - tlo; zemljište
Ground rent - zemljišna zakupnina
Growth - rast; porast; razvoj
Guide - vodič; priručnik

H
Haberdasher - galanterista
Haberdashery - galanterijska radnja
Handbook - priručni
Handicraft - zanat; ručni rad
Handling - rukovanje; postupak
Harm - povreda; šteta; oštetiti
Head - glava
Head of department - šef odeljenja
Heading - zaglavlje
Hinder - sprečiti; ometati
Hold - držati se; istrajati
Holder - vlasnik; imenilac
Legal holder - zakoniti vlasnik
Small holder - sitni sopstvenik
Holding - posedovanje imanja
House - kuća; zgrada

I
Identity - identitet
Indentity card - lična karta
Idle - lenj; besposlen
Idle capacity - neiskorišćen kapacitet
Illegible - nečitak
Immature – nezreo
Impact - uticaj; dejstvo; udar
Imperfect - nesavršen
Implication - uplitanje; upletenost
Import - Uvoz
Impose - nametnuti; uvesti; opteretiti
Improvement - unapređenje; usavršavanje
Incentive - podsticaj; podstrek
Income - dohodak; prihod
Income and expenditure - prihod i rashod
Surplus income - višak dohotka
Incoporate - ujediniti; prosjediniti
Increase - povećanje; porast; povećati
Indebted - zadužen
Indebtedness - dugovanje; zaduženost
Index - indices; registar; pokazatelj
Economic indices - ekonomski pokazatelj
Indicator - indikator; pokazatelj
Induce - navesti; podstaći
Industry - industrija; privredna grana
Catering industry - ugostiteljstvo
Clothing industry - industrija odeće
Inevitable - neizbežan; neminovan
Inflate - preuveličati; podići cenu
Inflation - inflacija
Inflate rate - stopa inflacije
Inovation - inovacija
Instalment - rata; nastavak
First instalment - kapara
Insufficient - nedovoljan
Insurance - osiguranje
Insurance policy - polisa osiguranje
Interfere - uplitati se; mešati se
Interference - mešanje; uplitanje
Government interference - intervencija države
Intermediary - posrednik
Internal - interni; unutrašnji
Internal financing - sopstveno finansiranje
Inventory - inventar popis
Invest - uložiti; investirati
Investment - investicija; ulaganje
Investment marker - tržište investicija
Invisible - nevidljiv
Invisibles - nerobni uvoz i izvoz
Invoice - faktura; fakturisati
Pro forma invoice - fiktivna faktura
Issue - emisija; izdavanje; emitovanje
Item - predmet; tačka; stavka
Income item - stavka prihoda
 J
Job - posao; rad; zaposlenje
Part - time job - posao sa skraćenim radnim vremenom
Apply for job - podneti molbu za zaposlenje
Joint - zajednički
Joint efforts - zajednički napori
Jump - skok; preskočiti
Jump in prices - skok cena
Just - pravedan; pravilan; ispravan
Justify - opravdati

K
Keep - držati; čuvati
Keep in stock - imati na skladištu
Keepeng - održavanje; držanje
Keepeng records - evidentiranje
Key - ključ; glavni
Key qiestion - ključno pitanje
Know - how - znanje;veština; sposobnost
Knowledge - znanje; nauka
Practical knowledge - iskustvo
L
Label - etiketa; nalepnica; oznaka
Labour - rad; radna snaga; raditi
Labour exchange - berza rada
Past labour - Minuli rad
Semi - skilled labour - polukvalifikovani rad
Lading - tovar; teret
Bill of lading (B/L) - tovarni list; konosman
Lag - zaostajanje; zaostati
Land - zemlja; zemljište; država
Land bank - agrarna banka
Lasting - trajan; otporan
Law - zakon; pravo
Law of supply and demand - zakon ponude i potražnje
Law of value - zakon vrednosti
Lead - rukovoditi; komandovati
Leader - vođa; rukovodilac
Leadship - rukovođenje; rukovodstvo
Leasing - iznajmljivanje
Legal - zakonski; legalan; prani
 Legal person - pravno lice
Legal steps - zakonske mere
Lend - pozajmiti; dati na zajam; ustupiti
Lender - zajmodavalac
Level - nivo; visina; stepen
Price level - nivo cena
Levy - porez; naplata
Lability - odgovornost; obaveza; dugovi; pasiva
Assets and labilities - aktiva i pasiva
Financial lability - finansijska odgovornost
Licence - licenca; dozvola
Licence agreement - licencni ugovor
Apply for a licence - tražiti licencu
Life - život; vek trajanja
Limit - granica; ograničiti
Limiting value - granična vrednost
Limited - ograničen
Limited lability company - društvo sa ograničenom odrgovor nošću
Line - linija; crta; granica; struka
Assembly line - montažna traka
Product line - asortiman proizvoda
Production line - lanac proizvodnje
Link - Veza; karika; povezati
Busines links - poslovne veze
Liquid - likvidan; tečnost
Liquid assets - likvidna (raspoloživa) sredstva
List - spisak; lista
Check list - kontrolna lista
Price list - cenovnik
Load - tovar, teret
Useful load - koristan teret
Loan - zajam; pozajmica
Grant a loan - dati zajam
Raise a loan - uzeti zajam
Loss - gubitak
Cover a loss - nadoknaditi gubitak
Low - nizak
Low cost - jeftin
Low grade - slabog kvaliteta
Luxury - luksuz
Luxury goods - luksuzna roba

M
Macroeconomics - makroekonomija
Mail - pošta; pisma; pošiljka
By return mail - povratnom poštom
Major - glavni; znatan
Major article - glavni artikl
Manage - rukovoditi; upravljati
Management - upravljanje; rukovođenje; rukovodstvo; uprava
Menager - upravnik; rukovodilac; direktor; šef
Manufacture - izrada; fabrička proizvodnja; proizvoditi
Manufactured goods - industrijski proizvodi
Manufacturer - proizvodjač; fabrikant
Manufacturing - izrada; proizvodnja; prerada
Manufacturing costs - proizvodni troškovi
Manufacturing plant - fabrički pogon
Margin - marža; margina
Marginal - granični; marginalni
Mark - znak; obeležje; marka; etiketa
Trade mark - zaštitini znak
Market - tržište; pijaca; potražnja; prodaja
Market economy - tržišna privreda
Commodity market - robno tržište
Material - materijal; građa; tkanina
Advertising material - reklamni materijal
Raw materials - sirovine
Mean - sredina; srednja vrednost
Means of product - sredstva za proizvodnju
Merchant - trgovac
Merge - integrisati; spojiti
Merger - spajanje
Microeconomics - mikroekonimija
Middle - srednji; sredina
Middle sized - srednje veličine
Minority - manjina
Mode - način
Mode of operation - način rada
Model - model; primerak; uzor
Money - novac; moneta
Money econmy - novčana privreda
Current money - važeći novac
Moveable - pokretan; pokretljiv; prenosan
Moveable property - pokretna imovina
Movement - kretanje; promet
Multiplication - množenje
Multiplier - Multiplikator
Mutual - zajdenički; uzjaman
Mutual understanding
 N
Name - naziv; ime
Trade name - trgovački naziv
Negotiable - prenosiv
Negotiation - pregovaranje
Trade negotiations - trgovinski pregovori
Net - neto; čist
Net amunt - neto iznos
Network - mreža
Retail network - maloprodajna mreža
Non economic - neprivredni
Note - zabeleška; primedba; nota; novčanica
Numerous - Brojan; mnogobrojan

O
Objection - prigovor; zamerka
Obligation - obaveza; dužnost
Legal obligation - zakonska obaveza
Offer - ponuda; ponuditi; pružiti
Make an offer - učiniti ponudu
Office - kancelarija; ured; biro
Office staff - kancelarijsko osoblje
Official - zvanični; službeni
One - jedan; jedinica
Open - otvoren; slobodan
Open market - otvoreno tržište
Operate - rukovati; upravlljati
Operating - radni; operativan; aktivan
Operating instructions - uputsva za rad
Operation - rukovanje; rad; funkcionisanje
Economy of operation - ekonomičnost poslovanja
Payment operations - platni promet
Option - izbor; biranje
At buyer s option - po izboru kupaca
Order - red; poredak; naredba
Order form - narudžbenica
Order slip - narudžbenica
Organ - organ; telo
Executive organ - izvršni organ
Organization - organizacija; organizovanje
Out - spolja; izvan; napolju
Out of date - zastareo
 Out of stock - rasprodato; nema na skladištu
Output - proizvodnja
Aggregate output - ukupna proizvodnja
Over - nad; iznad; širom; svuda
Over time - tokom vremena
Overdue - neisplaćen; zaostao
Own - imati; posedovati; sopstven; vlastiti
Owner - vlasnik; sopsvenik
Sole owner - jedini vlasnik
Ownership - vlasništvo; svojina
Joint ownership - suvlasništvo

P
Pack - Pakovanje; svežanj; pakovati
Package - paket; pošiljka; troškovi ambalaže
Packing - pakovanje; ambalaža
Packing list - otpremnica
Paper - Papir; dokument; isprava
Sheet of paper - list rahtije
Parcel - deo; paket; pošiljka
Parcel of shares - paket akcija
Participant - učesnik
Partner - ortak; partner
Silent partner - tajni partner
Partnership - partnerstvo; udruženje; društvo
Limited partnership - društvo sa ograničenjem odgovornošću
Passanger - putnik
Passanger train - putnički voz
Patent - patent; patentirati
Pattern - model; uzorak; primer
Pattern book - knjiga uzoraka
According to pattern - Prema uzorku
Pay - plata; platiti; isplatiti
Pay order - platni nalog
Pay roll - platni spisak
Payment - plaćanje; naplata; isplata
Payment by effect - plaćanje po učinku
Payable operations - platni promet
Peak - vrhunac; maksimum
Peak output - rekordna proizvodnja
Penalty - kazna; kažnjavanje
Subject to a penalty - podložan plaćanju penala
Penetration - prodor
Perform - izvršiti; obaviti; ispuniti;raditi
 Perform a function - obavljati funkciju
Perishable - kvarljiv
Permit - dopuštenje; dozvola
Export permit - izvozna dozvola
Import permit - uvozna dozvola
Persistent - trajan; istrajan; uporan
Person - osoba; lice
Person in charge - odgovorno lice
Legal person - pravno lice
Personal - privatan; ličan
Personnel - osoblje; personal
Phase - faza; etapa
Pile - gomila; hrpa
Piling - nagomilavanje
Piling stock - stvaranje zaliha
Plan - plan; projekat; planirati
Planned economy - planska privreda
Planning - planiranje
Production planning - planiranje proizvodnje
Plant - postrojenje; pogon; oprema
Point - tačka; mesto; ukazati; istaći
Point of delivery - mesto isporuke
Policy - politika; polisa
Policy holder - osiguranik
Commercial policy - polisa osiguranja
Politician - političar
Pooling - udruživanje
Pooling of labour and resources - udruživanje rada i sredstva
Poor - siromašan; oskudan; loš
Poor quality goods - robalošeg kvaliteta
Population - stanovništvo
Possess - sosedovati; imati
Possession - svojina; posedovanje; imovina
Moveable possession - pokretna imovina
Post - pošta; mesto; položaj
Post free - franko
Postpone - odložiti
Potential - budući; potencijalan; moguć
Potential buyer - potencijalni kupac
Power - moć; snaga; sila; vlast;
Executive power - izvršna vlast
Purchasing power - kupovna moć
Precondition - preduslov
Predominant - preovlađujući; nadmoćan; pretežan
Preference - prednost; prioritet
Pripaid - unapred plaćen
Preparation - priprema
Prerequisite - preuslov
Pressure - pritisak; opterećenje
Pressure of business - pritisak posla
Prevent - sprečiti
Price - cena; odrediti cenu
Price control - kontrola cena
Price cut - sniženje cena
Price freeze - zamrzavanje cena
Pricing - formiranje cena
Primary - prvobitan; osnovni; primaran
Primary production - proizvodnja sirovina
Primary products - primarni proizvodi
Proceeding - postupak
Legal proceedings - pravni postupak
Processing - obrada; prerada
Processing industry - prerađivačka industrija
Produce - proizvoditi; stvarati; donositi; izneti
Producer - proizvođač
Producer commodity - robni proizvođač
Product - proizvod
Domestic product - domaći proizvod
Social product - društveni proizvog
Production - proizvodnja
Production costs - troškovi proizvodnje
Commodity production - robna proizvodnja
Productive - proizvodni; produktivan
Produktive forces - proizvodne snage
Productivity - Proizvodnost; produktivnost
Professional - stručnjak; profesionalac; stručni
Proffesional skill - stručnost
Profit - dobit; zarada; koristiti; profitirati
Profit distribution - raspodela profiti
Profit sharing - učešće o profitu
Profitable - rentabilan; unosan
Profitable venture - unosan posao
Prohibit - zabraniti
Prohibition - zabrana
Prompt - brz; tačan
Prompt delivery - brza isporuka
Property - imovina; svojina; vlasništvo
Moveable property - pokretna imovina
Proprietor - vlasnik; sopstvenik
Provide - snabdeti; obezbediti
Provided - pod uslovom; ako
Provision - snabdevanje; rezerva; odredba
Public - javni; opšti; društveni
Public offer - javna ponuda
 Public sale - javna prodaja
Purchase - kupovina; nabavka; kupovati
Purchase contract - ugovor o kupovini
Purchase discount - popust pri plaćanju za gotovo
Put - staviti; uneti

Q
Quality - kvalitet; svojstvo
Quality control - kontrola kvaliteta
Quantity - kvantitet; količina
Quarterly - tromesečni
Questionnaire - anketa; upitnik
Quit - napustiti
Quota - kvota; ograničena količina
Exchange quota - devizna kvota
Quote - odrediti; navesti
Quote a price - odrediti cenu

R
Rail - šina; železnička pruga
Railway - železnica
Raise - podići; dići
Raise money - skupiti novac
Raise prices - podići cene
Random - slučajan
Random sample/ specimen - slučajan uzorak
Range - domet; opseg; raspon
Range of prices - raspon cena
Range of products - asortiman proizvoda
Rate - stopa; tarifa; proceniti
Rate of income - stopa dohotka
Exchange rate - devizni kurs
Growth rate - stopa rasta
Selling rate - prodajni kurs
Raw - sirov; grub
Raw - materijalne sirovine
Ready - made - gotov
Ready - made clothing - konfekcija
Realize - ostvariti
Receipt - primanje; priznanica; prihod
Receipts and expenses - prihodi i rashodi
 Curent receipts - tekuća primanja
Record - zapis; evidencija; dosije; zabeležiti
Record keepeng - evidentiranje; zapisivanje
Recover - povratiti; oporaviti se; nadoknaditi
Recovery - oporavak; povraćaj
Economic recovery - oporavak privrede
Redemption - isplata (dugova, hipoteke)
Reduce - smanjiti; sniziti
Reduce the output - smanjiti proizvodnju
Refer - odnositi se; uputiti
Reference - upućivanje; veza; znak
Reference sample - ugledni uzorak
Our/ your reference - naš/ vaš znak
Reform - reforma; reformisati
Economic reform - privredna reforma
Refund - povraćaj novca; refundiranje
Registration - prijavljivanje; registracija; upis
Registration fee - kotizacija
Registration form - prijava
Regret - zaliti
Regulation - propis; odredba
According to regulations - po propisima
Government regulations - državni propisi
Reject - odbaciti; odbiti
Reject an offer - Odbiti ponudu
Relate - odnositi se
Relation - odnos; veza
Business relations - poslovne veze
Commodity relations - robni odnosi
Property relations - svojinski odnosi
Relationship - povezanost; veza; odnos
Reliable - pouzdan; poverljiv
Relly - osloniti se; pouzdati se; računati
Remainder - ostatak
Remit - doznačiti
Remit money - doznačiti novac
Remitance - doznaka; novčana pošiljka
Remittee - primalac; lice kom se šalje novac
Remitter - pošiljalac; lice koje šalje novac
Removal - uklanjanje
Removal of barriers - uklanjanje bariera
Rander - dati; pružiti; učiniti
Rander assistance - pružiti pomoć
Rent - renta; kirija; zakup; iznajmiti
Rent agreement - ugovor o zakupu
Replace - zameniti
Report - izveštaj; referat; podneti izveštaj
 Financial report - finansijski izveštaj
Reproduction - reprodukcija
Reproduction cost - troškovi reprodukcije
Expanded/ extended reproduction - proširena reprodukcija
Simple reproduction - prosta reprodukcija
Request - zahtev; molba
Request for playment - zahtev za isplatu
Requirment - potreba; zahtev
Employment request - potreba/ zahtev za radnom snagom
Research - istraživanje; istraživački rad
Research and development - istraživanje i razvoj
Market research - istraživanje tržišta
Reserve - zaliha; rezerva; rezervisati
Commodity reserves - robne rezerve
Resource -resurs; izvor; sredstvo
Allocation of resources - raspodela sredstva
Pooling of resources - udruživanje sredstava
Resposability - obaveza; odgovornost
Financial responsability - materijalna odgovornost
Restriction - ograničenje; restrikcija
Impose restrictions - uvesti ograničenja
Restructuring - prestuktuiranje
Retail - maloprodaja; trgovati na malo
Tetail dealer - trgovac na malo
Retailer - trgovac na malo
Retention - zadržavanje
Return - povratak; vraćanje
Return rate - stopa povraćaja
Returns - prihod; dobiti; prinos
High returns - visok profit
Right - pravo; prav; ispravan; tačan
Civil rights - građanska prava
Rise - porast; povećanje
Rough - grub; približan
Rough estimate - gruba procena
Rule - pravilo; propis; upravljati
Run - Rukovati; trčati
Run a factory - upravljati fabrikom
Rush - žurba; navala; žuriti se

S
Safe - kasa; sef; siguran; bezbedan
Safe investment - sigurna investicija
Safety - sigurnost; bezbednost
 Safety stock - rezervne zalihe
Salary - plata; lični dohodak
Sale - prodaja; prođa
Sale by simple - prodaja na osnovu uzoraka
Sale on commision - komisiona prodaja
Salesman - prodavac
Sample - uzorak; mustra; proba
Sample book - kolekcija uzoraka
Sanction - sankcija; kaznenea mera
Economic sanctions - ekonomske sankcije
Satisfaction - zadovoljenje; satisfakcija
Saturate - zasititi
Save - spasiti; sačuvati; uštedeti
Savings - spasavanje; štednja; ušteda; čuvanje
Saving - ušteđevina
Savings bank - štedionica
Savings deposit - štedni ulog
Scale - skala; merila; tarifa; odrediti merilo
Scale of values - skala vrednosti
Scarce - oskudan; redak
Scarce items - oskudni artikli
Scarcity - oskudica
Scarcity of labour - oskudnica radne snage
School - škola; fakultet; školovati
School of economics - ekonimski fakultet
Scientific - naučan
Seal - pečat; plomba; nalepnica; zapečatiti
Sealed bid - zapečaćena ponuda
Second - drugi
Second jand - polovan
Secondary - sekundaran; drugorazredan
Secondary industry - prerađivačka industrija
Security - bezbednost; sigurnost; garancija
Securities market - tržište vrednosnih papira
Sell - prodati
Sell at a discount - prodavati sa popustom
Seller - prodavac
Selling - prodaja; prođa
Selling terms - uslovi prodaje
Semidurable - artikli sa ograničenim vekom trajanja
Semi finished - poluprerađen
Semi finished goods - poluproizvodi
Serial - seriski; redni
Service - služba; usluga; servisirati
Service shop - servisna radionica
Set - pribor; komplet; se; skup; postaviti
Set of patterns - kolekcija uzoraka
 Set a price - utvrditi cenu
Settle - urediti; srediti; obračunati
Settlement - zaključenje; obračun; naseljavanje
Share - udeo; akcija; deonica; doprinos
Share broker - berzanski posrednik
Share capital - akcijski kapital
Block of shares - paket akcija
Shareholder - akcionar
Sheet - list; tabak; ploča
Balance sheet - knjigovodstveni bilans
Shift - smena; promena; promeniti
Day shift - dnevna smena
Shipment - otpremanje; oprema; pošiljka
State - država; vlada; stanje; izjaviti
State of account - stanje računa
State ownership - državna svojina
Statement - izveštaj; saopštenje
Stationery - kancelarijski materijal
Statistics - statistika; statistički podaci
Status - položaj; status; stanje
Statue - zakon; statut
Steady - čvrst; postojan; stabilan
Stiff - čvrst; krut; jak
Stiff competition - jaka konkurencija
Stock - imovina; zaliha; skladiše
Stock company - akcionarsko društvo
Stockbroker - berzanski posrednik
Stockholder - akcionar
Stoppage - zaustavljanje; obustava; prekid
Storage - skladište; naknada za smeštaj robe
Store - zaliha; skladište; radnja; uskladiti
Department store - robna kuća
Storehouse - skladište
Subcontractor - kooperant; podizvodjač
Submit - potčiniti se
Submit a tender - podneti ponudu
Subscribe - potpisati; upisati se
Subscription - potpis; potpisivanje; upis; pretplata
Subscription rate - iznos pretplate
Subsidary - filijala; podružnica
Subsidy - subvencija; dotacija
Substitution - substitucija; zamena
Suffer - podnositi; trpeti
Suffer a loss - pretrpeti gubitak
Sufficient - dovoljan
Suiatable - podesan; pogodan
Sum - suma; zbir; iznos
 Total sum - ukupna suma
Summary - rezime; zaključak
Summary account - zbirni račun
Superintendance - nadzor
Superior - viši; pretpostavljeni; superioran
Supermarket - samousluga
Superprofit - ekstra profit
Supervise - kontrolor; nadzorni organ
Supplement - dodatak; prilof
Supplier - snabdevač; dobavljač
Supplier of goods - isporučilac robe
Supply - snabdevanje; zaliha; nabavka
Support - Oslonac; potpora; podržavati
Surpass - prevazići; nadomašiti
Surplus - višak; suficit
Surplus account - račun dobiti
Surplus fund - rezervni fond
Survay - pregled; pregledati; ispitati
Suspension - suspenzija; ukidanje; obustava
System - sistem; poredak; uređenje
Administrative system - upravni sistem
Economic system - privredni sistem

T
Table - tabela; pregled
Table of contents - sadržaj knjige
Take - uzeti; zauzeti; zahtevati
Take care of - starati se
Take the initiative - preuzeti inicijativu
Takeover - preuzimanje
Tangible - stvaran; opipljiv
Tangible property - materijalna imovina
Target - cilj; zadatak; meta
Set a target - postaviti cilj
Tariff - tarifa; carinska tarifa
Tariff barriers
Tax - porez; taksa; oporezovati
Tax authority - poreski organ
Taxation - oporezivanje; poreski prihodi
Burden with taxation - opteretiti porezima
Technical - tehnički; stručan
Technical ability - stručna sposobnost
Technique - tehnika; metod rada
Technology - tehnologija; tehnika
 Technology transfer - prenos tehnologije
Teller - blagajnik u banci
Temporary - privremen
Tenant - zakupac; stanar
Tender - lecitaciona ponuda; pismena ponuda
Term - termin; rok; trajanje; uslov
Set a term - odrediti rok
Terminate - raskinuti; završiti
Test - test; proba; ispitivanje
Test sample - probni uzorak
Testify - svedočiti; dokazivati
Testimony - svedočenje
Theory - teorija
Theory of probability - teorija verovatnoće
Tie - veza; vezati
Time - vreme; trenutak; vremenski
Time of delivery - vreme isporuke
Timing - podešavanje
Tool - oruđe; alat
Town - grad
Trade - trgovina; zanimanje; robni promet; robna razmena
Trade agreement - trgovinski sporazum
Trader - trgovac
Tradesman - trgovac; prodavac
Trading - trgovanje
Trading company - trgovinska firma
Traffic - promet; trgovina; saobraćaj
Traffic safety - bezbednost saobraćaja
Transaction - transakcija
Transfer - transfer; prenos; preneti
Transfer order - putni nalog
Transform - pretvoriti; preobraziti
Transport - prevoz; transšport
Transport charges - prevozni troškovi
Travel - putovanje; putovati
Travel agency - putnička agencija
Traveller - putnik
Commercial traveller - trgovački putnik
Treasury - državna blagajna
Treat - postupiti; tretirati
Treatment - postupak; tretman
Treaty - ugovor; sporazum
Commercial treaty - trgovinski ugovor
Break a treaty - prekršiti ugovor
Trend - trend; tendencija; težnja; kretanje
Economics trends - privredna kretanja
Trial - pokušaj; proba
 Trial balance - probni bilans
True - istinit; tačan; odan
Trust - poverenje; kredit; odgovornost
Trustee - staralac
Board of trusteers - upravni odbor
Turn - promet; prođa; obrt; staviti u promet
Turning point - prekretnica
Turn out - Proizvoditi
Turnout - učešće; količina proizvoda
Turnover - promet; obrt
Turnover commision - provizija na promet
TWIMC (to whom it may concern) - svima kojim se tiče

U
Ultimate - krajnji; poslednji
Ultimate beneficiary - krajnji korisnik
Ultimate consumer - krajnji potrošač
Unaccepted - neprihvaćen
Unappropriated - neodgovarajući; neiskorišćen
Uncharged - bez troškova; oslobođen troškova
Unconditional - bezuslovan
Unconditional order - bezuslovna naredba
Under - pod; ispod
Under separate cover - u zasebnom pismu; posebno
Underestimate - potceniti
Undergo - podvrgnuti se
Underline - podvući; naglasiti
Understanding - razumevanje; sporazum
Mutual understanding - obostrano razumevanje
Undertake - preduzeti
Undeveloped - nerazvijen
Undeveloped country - nerazvijena zemlja
Unemployment - nezaposlenost
Unfair - nepošten; neopravdan
Unfair competition - nelojalna konkurencija
Unfavourable - nepovoljan
Uniform - jednoobrazni; isti
Unify - ujediniti; izjednačiti
Union - ujedinjenje; savez; unija
Customs union - carinska unija
Economic union - ekonomska unija
Unique - jedinstven; jedini
Unit - jedinica
Unit of measurement - jedinica mere
Unity - jedinstvo
Unity of action - jedinstvo akcije
Unjust - neopravdan; nelojalan
Unlimited - neograničen
Unlimited company - javno trgovačko društvo
Unreliable - nesiguran; nepoverljiv
Unskilled - nekvalifikovan; nesručni
Upkeep - održavanje troškovi održavanja; održavati
Up to date - savremen; aktuelan
Upturn - preokret; skok
Urge - navesti; podstaći; preporučiti; urgirati
Urgency - hitnost
Usage - korišćenje; upotreba
Use - upotreba; korišćenje; korist
Use value - upotrebna vrednost
Come into use - ući u upotrebu
Useful - koristan
User - korisnik
Usurer - zelenaš
Usury - zelenaštvo
Utility - korisnost; korist
Utility services - komunalne usluge
V
Vacancy - slobodno; upražnjeno radno mesto
Vacant - prazan; upražnjen
Valuable - dragocen; vredan; koristan
Value - Vrednost; cena; valuta
Value in use - upotrebna vrednost
Value of money - vrednost novca
Variable - promenljiv;
Variety - raznovrsnost; različitost; mnoštvo
Variety of patterns - asortiman uzoraka
Venture - rizičan poduhvat; preduzeće
Joint venture - zajedničko ulaganje
Verify - potvrditi; overiti
Vice versa - obratno; obrnuto
Vocation - profesija; zanimanje
Vocational - stručni; profesionalan
Vocational education - stručno obrazovanje
Volume - knjiga; ton; obim
Volume of production - obim proizvodnje
Voluntary - dobrovoljan
Voluntary tax - samodoprinos
Vouch - jemčiti; svedočiti
Voucher - priznanica; bon
 W
Wage - plata; najamnina
Wage and salary fund - fond plata
Want - nedostatak; oskudica; potreba; oskudevati
Want of goods - nedostatak robe
Warehouse - stovarište; skladište; magacin
Warehouse ledger - skladišna knjiga
Warrant - jamstvo; garancija; ovlašćenje
Waste - rasipanje; otpadak; rasipati
Water - voda
Water carriage - prevoz vodenim putem
Watermark - vodeni žig
Wazbill - tovarni list;
Wealth - bogatstvo; blagostanje; obilje
Public wealth - opšte dobro; opšte blagostanje
Wear - nošenje; habanje
Wear and tear - amortizacija
Weight - težina; teret; teg; značaj
Live weight - živa mera
Welfare - blagostanje; dobrobit
Welfare services - zajednička potrošnja
Well to do - imućan; dobro stojeći
Wholesale - prodaja na veliko; veletrgovina; prodavati na veliko
Wholesale dealer - trgovac na veliko
Wholesailer - trgovac na veliko; veletrgovac
Winding up - likvidacija
Forced winding up - prisilna likvidacija
Withdraw - povući; podići
Withdraw from carculation - povući iz opticaja
Withdrawal - povlačenje; opoziv
Withhold - zadržati
Withhold delivery - Zaustaviti isporuku
Work - posao; rad; zaposlenje; raditi; fabrika
Work order - radni nalog
Workday - radni dan; radno vreme
Worker - radnik
Clerical worker - administrativni službenik
Manual worker - Fizički radnik
Working - rad; funkcionisanje; koji radi
Working capital - obrtni kapital
Working hours - radno vreme
Workshop - radionica; fabrička hala
Worldwide - širom sveta
Worth - vrednost; zasluga; vredan
Wrap - zapakovati; umotati
Wrapping - zavijanje; umotavanje; pakovanje
Write off - otpis
Written - napisan; pisani
Written order

X
Xerox - zeroks; aparat za fotokopiranje; fotokopirati

Y
Yard - jard; mera za dužinu (o, 914m)
Year - godina
Academic year - školska godina
Yearbook - godišnjak
Yield - dobitak; prihod; prinos; donositi prihod
Yield of capital - prihod kapitala

Z
Zip code - poštanski broj (SAD)
Zollverein - carinska unija
Zone - zona; oblast; pojas; područje
Buffer zone - tampon zona

BANKARSKA TERMINOLOGIJA
(englesko-srpskohrvatski)

A
A. A. R. - against all risks - protiv svih rizika
absorption - apsorpcija - (1. ukupna potražnja domaćih i stranih sredstava u jednom
privrednom sistemu, 2. pripajanje manjeg preduzeća većem).
abstinence - apstinencija - (ograničenje trenutne potrošnje radi ulaganja u
investicionu opremu).
accelerated payment - ubrzano plaćanje
acceleration clause - klauzula akceleracija - (klauzula kojom se predviđa, u slučaju
neizvršavanja nekog plaćanja o roku, momentalno dospeće svih budućih
obaveza).
accelerator - akcelerator - (faktor kojim se mere usponi i padovi u privredi).
acceptance against documents - akcept uz dokumenta
acceptance credit - akceptni kredit
acceptance market - akceptno tržište
acceptance refinancing - akceptno refinansiranje
accepting bank - akceptirajuća banka
accomodating terms - prihvatljivi uslovi
account analysis - analiza računa
account (credit) - kreditni račun
account (profit & loss) - račun dobitka i gubitka
account (sales) - račun prodaje
accountable receipt - knjigovodstvena priznanica
accounting currency - obračunska valuta
accounting method - knjigovodstveni metod
accounting unit - obračunska jedinica
accumulated error - akumulirana greška
accumulated value - akumulirana vrednost
acknowledgment of receipt - potvrda o prijemu
active balance - aktivni saldo
active payment balance - aktivni platni bilans, pozitivni bilans
active trade balance - aktivni trgovački bilans, pozitivni trgovački bilans
adhesive contract - athezivni ugovor
administered prices - administrirane cene, kontrolisane cene
adininistrative control - administrativna kontrola
adininistrative protectionism - administrativni protekcionizam
advance on freight - predujam za vozarinu
advance refunding - avansno refundiranje
advising bank - avizirajuća banka
agency fee - agentska provizija
agent bank - banka agent,
aggregate not income - ukupan čist dohodak - neto.
aggregate supply - ukupna ponuda
air consignment note - vazdušni tovarni list
air mail receipt - priznanica avionske pošte
anticipated payment - prevremeno plaćanje
anticipated prices - anticipirane cene
anticipated profit - anticipirani profit
antidumping - antidamping
anti-inflation measures - anti-inflacione mere
applied economics - primenjena ekonomija
arbitral award - arbitražna presuda
as agent only - samo kao agent
associated banks - udružene banke
associated member - pridruženi član
at shiper's risk - na rizik krcatelja
at sight - po viđenju
authorized capltal - ovlašćeni kapital
authorized issue - ovlašćena emisija
auto-financing - samofinansiranje
automatic data processing - automatska obrada podataka
automatic stabilizers - automatski stabilizatori - (fiskalni instrumenti ugrađeni u
savezni budžet koji automatski reaguju na fluktuacije ekonomske aktivnosti).
autonomous investments - autonomne investicije
autonomous market agent - autonomni tržišni subjekat
availabiliti indicator - indikator raspoloživosti
available assets - raspoloživa sredstva
available capital - raspoloživi kapital
average daily balance - prosecni dnevni saldo
average deposit - havarijski depozit
A.W. B. - air waybill - vazdušni tovarni list

B
back Interest - zaostala kamata
back orders - zaostali nalozi
back-to-back credit - podakreditiv - (akreditiv otvoren na osnovu originalnog
akreditiva koji stuži kao pokriće)
backwardation - bekvardacija
balance card - kartica salda
balance control - kontrola salda
balance settlement - izravnanje salda
balanced budget - uravnoteženi budžet
bank (deposit) - depozitna banka
bank guarantee - bankarska garancija
bank holidays - bankarski praznici
bank (industrial) - industrijska banka
bank rate - bankovna stopa
bank reserves - bankovna rezerva
bank returns - bankovni izveštaji
bank statement - bankovni izvod
bank transfer guarantee - bankovna garancija
banker's discount - bankovni eskont
banker's order - bankovni nalog
banking centre - bankarski centar
banking consortium - konzorcijum banaka
bargain - bargin - (povoljan posao)
barter - barter - (trgovinska razmena bez učešća novca)
base pay - osnovna plata
basic hardware - bejzik hardver (osnovna kompjuterska oprema)
basic industry - bazna industrija
basic operating system - osnovni operacioni sistem
basic statement - osnovna naredba
B/E - bili of exchange - B/E - menica
bid - bid, ponuda
bilateral clearing - bilateralni kliring
bitateral monopoly - bilateralni monopol
bilateralism - bilateralizam
B/L - bili of lading - B/L - konosman, teretni list
binary card - binarna kartica
binary digit - binarna brojka
blended interest - kombinovana kamata
blocked accounts - blokirani računi
blocked currency - blokirana valuta
bond - bond, obveznica
bond holder - vlasnik obveznice
bond issue - emisija obveznice
bonus - bonus - (dodatak, vanredna dividenda)
borrowing power - mogućnost zaduženja
boycott - bojkot
bridging advance - bridžing avans (avans za premošćavanje neke ituacije)
bridging finance - bridžing finansiranje (kratkoročno finansiranje neke novonastale
potrebe)
broken cross rates - nepravilno ukršteni kursevi
brokerage - brokeraža - (brokerska provizija)
bucket shop - bakit šop - (berza na kojoj sa manipuliše neregistrovanim
vrednosnim papirima)
budget plan - budžetski plan
budget proposal - predlog budžeta
budget surplus - budžetski suficit
budgetary control - budžetska kontrola
budgetary credits - budžetski krediti, državni krediti
budgetary deficit - budžetski deficit
budgetary financing - budžetsko finansiranje
budgetary funds - budžetski fondovi
budgetary policy - budžetska politika
budgetary reserve - budžetska rezerva
budgetary restrictions - budžetske restrikcije
built-in-flexibility - ugrađena elastičnost (automatske promene koje nastaju u
budžetskim prihodima i rashodima)
bulk cargo - rasuti teret
bulk credit - zbirni kredit - (zbirno odobravanje računu)
business arrangement - poslovni aranžman
business correspondence - poslovna korespondencija
business cycle - poslovni ciklus
business moral - poslovni moral
business prospects - poslovni Izgledi
buyers' market - tržište kupaca
buyers’ risk - rizik kupca

C
c/a - current account - tekući račun
cable transfer - telegrafski transfer
CAC - curency adjustment charges - troškovi kursne razlike
CAF - currency adjustment factor - faktor kursne razlike
call money - kol mani (kratkoročna sredstva po viđenju)
capital accumulation - akumulacija kapitala
capital export - izvoz kapitala
capital goods - kapitalna dobra - (investiciona oprema)
capital-intensive economy - kapitalno-intenzivna privreda
capital investment insurance - osiguranje investicionog kapitala
capital market - tržište kapitala
capital movements - kretanje kapitala capital recovery - povraćaj kapitala
capital stock - kapital stole - (osnovna glavnica akcijskog kapitala)
capital structure - struktura kapitala
capitalized value - kapitalizirana vrednost
card (discount) - kartica rabata
card balance - kartica stanja
card reader - čitač kartica
carriage forward - neplaćeni prevoz
carrier' risk - rizik otpremnika
cash and carry system - sistem plati pa nosi
cash credit - keš kredit, gotovinski kredit
cash dividend - keš dividenda - (dividenda u gotovu)
cash drain - odliv novca, gotovinski promet
cash flow projections - izgledi gotovinskog prometa
cash payment - gotovinsko plaćanje
cashiers' cheque - blagajnički ček
ceiling price - plafonirana cena
central bank - centralna banka
central accounting point - centralno obračunsko mesto
certificate of analysis - certifikat o analizi
certificate of compliance - certifikat o saobraznosti
certificate of inspection - certifikat o inspekciji
certificate of origin - certifikat o poreklu c
crtificate of quality - certifikat o kvalitetu
certificate of quantity - certifikat o kvantitetu
certificate of weight - certifikat o težini
chain of distribution - lanac distribucije
charter - čarter, dokument, ugovor, povelja
chartered bank - ovlašćena banka
cheque book - čekovna knjižica
cheque card - čekovna karta
cheque to bearer - ček na donosioca
cheque to order - ček po naredbi
circular letter of credit - cirkularno kreditno pismo
circulating capital - obrtni kapital
clause »option of currency» - klauzula izbora valute
clean bill - čista menica
clean collection - čista naplata
clean credit - čist akreditiv
cleared without examination - ocarinjeno bez ispitivanja
clearing account - klirinški račun
clearing arrangement - klirinški aranžman
clearing balance - obračunski saldo
clearing (billateral) - bilateralni kliring
clearing currency - obračunska valuta
clearing dollars - klirinški dolari
closed economy - zatvorena privreda
closing balance - zaključni saldo
closing entry - zaključno knjiženje
closing statement - zaključni izveštaj
club loan - klab loun - (konzorcijalni zajam zatvorenog tipa)
C. O. D. - cash on delivery - plaćanje po isporuci
collateral security - kolateralno jemstvo
collecting bank - naplatna banka
collection charges - troškovi naplate
collective consumption fund - fond zajedničke potrošnje
commercial business customs - trgovački poslovni običaji
commercial correspondence - trgovačka korespondencija
commercial risks - komercijalni rizici
commitment fee - komitment fi - (provizija na neiskorišćeni deo zajma)
commodity clause - robna klauzula
commodfty market - robno tržište
common market - zajedničko tržište
communication line - komunikacioni vod
compensating balance - kompenzacioni saldo
compensating payment - kompenzaciono plaćanje
compensation agreement - kompenzacioni sporazum
compensation trading - kompenzaciona trgovina
compensation transactions - kompenzacioni poslovi
compensatory financing - kompenzaciono finansiranje
competitive price - konkurentna cena
competitive supply - konkurentna ponuda
complementary goods - komplementarna roba
compound interest - složena kamata
compulsory liquidation - prinudna likvidacija
computer terminal - kompjuterski terminal
conditional liquidity - uslovna likvidnost
conduct monetary policy - voditi monetarnu politiku
confirmed credit - konfirmirani akreditiv - potvrđeni akreditiv
confirming bank - konfirmirajuća banka
consignment invoice - konsignaciona faktura
consignment note - tovarni list
consignment stock - konsignaciono skladište
consolidated account - konsolidovani račun
consolidated annuities - konsolidovani anuiteti
consolidated debt - konsolidovani dug
consolidating loan - sanacioni zajam
consular invoice - konzularna faktura
consulting contract - konsalting ugovor - (ugovor o konsultantskim uslugama)
consumer's credit - potrošački kredit
consumer spendings - troškovi potrošača
consumption loan - potrošački kredit
continuing credit facility - trajna kreditna olakšica
contra accounts - kontra računi, komisioni računi
contract guarantee - ugovorna garancija
contract price - ugovorna cena
contracting carrier - ugovorni prevoznik
contractor - kontraktor, ugovarač, izvođač radova
contractual liability - ugovorna obaveza
contractual organization - ugovorna organizacija
contractual party - ugovorna strana
contractual responsibility - ugovorna obaveza
control tape - kontrolna traka
controlled economy - kontrolisana privreda
controlled inflation - kontrolisana inflacija
controlling interest - kontrolni interes
conversion rate - stopa konverzije
conversion time - vreme konverzije
convertible bonds - konvertibilne obveznice
convertible currency - konvertibilna valuta
corner - korner - (udruženja privremenog karaktera)
corporate planning - korporativno planiranje
corporate power - zakonsko ovlašćenje
cost analysis - analiza troškova
cost-benefit analysis - kost-benefit analiza - (analiza svih prednosti i nedostataka
jednog projekta)
cost control - kontrola troškova
cost distribution - raspodela troškova
cost overruns - prekoračenje troškova
cost recovery - naknada troškova
cost unit - jedinica troškova
credit agency - kreditna agencija
credit available - raspoloživi akreditiv
credit card - kreditna karta
credit clearing - kreditni kliring
credit control - kreditna kontrola
credit entry - kreditna stavka
credit facility - kreditna olakšica
credit freeze - zamrzavanje kredita
credit instrument - kreditni instrument
credit limit - kreditni limit
credit line - kreditna linija
credit memo -- pokazatelj potraživanja
credit rating - kreditni rejting, kreditni status, kreditna sposobnost
credit restrictions - kreditne restrikcije
credit (revolving) - revolving kredit
credit risk - kreditni rizik
credit standing - kreditni status
creditworthiness - kreditna sposobnost
creditworthy - kreditno sposoban
cross default clause - klauzula lančane reakcije
cummulative credit - kumulativni akreditiv
cummulative dividend - kumulativna dividenda
cummulative remedy - kumulativno saniranje
currency appreciation - aprecijacija novca - (veštački porast vrednosti neke
valute)
currency area - valutno područje
currency basket - korpa valuta - (obračunska jedinica bazirana na više valuta)
currency cocktail - koktel valuta
currency premium - valutna premija
currency reform - valutna reforma
current liability - tekuća obaveza
current market value - tekuća tržišna vrednost
customs agent - carinski posrednik
customs broker - carinski broker
customs clearance - plaćanje carine
customs declaration - carinska deklaracija
customs duties - carinske dažbine
customs entry - carinska deklaracija
customs specification - carinska specifikacija
customs tariff - carinska tarifa
CWE - cleared without examination - ocarinjeno bez pregleda
cyclical fluctuations - ciklične fluktuacije
 D
DAF - delivered at frontier - isporučeno na granici
daily consumption - dnevna potrošnja
daily output - dnevna proizvodnja
daily statement - dnevni izveštaj
data bank - banka podataka
data carrier - nosilac podataka
data processing centre - centar za obradu podataka
date due - datum dospeća
day loan - dnevni zajam
day order - dnevni nalog
D/A - documents against acceptance - dokumenta pri akceptu
dead loan - mrtav zajam - (zajam koji zajmoprimac nije u stanju da otplati)
dead money - mrtav novac - (novac koji se može pozajmljivati samo uz visoku
kamatu, što ga isključuje iz prometa)
dear money - skup novac
debenture - dibenčer, dug, obveznica, zadužnica, založnica
debit balance - dugovni saldo
debit entry - dugovna stavka
debit transfer - dugovni transfer
deblocade - deblokada - (1. oslobađanje angažovanih sredstava i slobodno
raspolaganje njima, 2. oslobađanje ograničenih depozita)
debt conversion - konverzija duga
debt management - servisiranje duga, otplata duga
debts due - dospeli dugovi
declared value - deklarisana vrednost
default interest - zatezna kamata - (kamata za neizvršene obaveze)
deferred demand - odgođena potražnja
deferred dividend - odgođena dividenda
deferred liability - odgođena obaveza
deferred payment - odgođeno plaćanje
deferred share - odgođena akcija
deficit budget - deficitarni budžet
deficit financing - deficitarno finansiranje
deficit spending - deficitarno trošenje - (budžetski rashodi iznad raspoloživih
prihoda)
delivery date - datum isporuke
demand deposit - depozit na zahtev, depozit bez otkaza
deposit insurance - osiguranje depozita
deposit money - deponovani novac
deposited funds - deponovana sredstva
depositor's life insurance - životno osiguranje deponenta
depreciation (accelerated) - ubrzana depresijacija
depreciation charges - troškovi amortizacije
desinflation - dezinflacija - (sistem mera postepenog odstranjivanja inflacije)
desinvestment - dezinvesticija - (ekonomska pojava kada se obim ulaganja u
nova osnovna sredstva kreće ispod obima amortizacije osnovnih sredstava)
development bank - razvojna banka - (banka za privredni razvoj)
direct investment - direktna investicija
discount (functional) - funkcionalni eskont - (procentualno sniženje prodajne cene
koju proizvođač, ili prodavac na veliko, odobrava maloprodaji)
discount market - eskontno tržište
discount without recourse - eskont bez regresa
discounted value - eskontovana vrednost
discretionary pool - diskrecioni pul
discriminating duty - diskriminaciona carina
discriminating monopoly - diskriminativni monopol
discriminating tariff - diferencijalna tarifa
discrimiinatory tax - diferencijalna taksa
dividend mandate - mandat dividende
dividend policy - politika dividendi - (raspodela čiste zarade po sle oporezivanja)
documentary bill - dokumentarna menica
documentary collection - dokumentarna naplata
dormant balance - uspavani saldo - (račun na kome nema prometa)
double entry - dvojno knjiženje
double insurance - dvostruko osiguranje
double rate syslem - sistem dvojnih kurseva
double taxation - dvostruko oporezivanje
down payment - daun paiment - (polaganje avansa)
drawn bill - vučena menica
drive - drajv, pogon
durable consumer goods - trajna potrošna dobra
duties on buyer's account - carina na teret kupca
duty free - oslobođeno carine

E
earmarked funds - namenska sredstva
economic efficiency - ekonomska efikasnost
economic evaluation - ekonomska procena
economic expansion - ekonomska ekspanzija
economic friction - ekonomska frikcija - (spoljni uslovi koji ometaju ekonomske
tokove)
economic growth - privredni rast
economic miracle - privredno čudo
economic power - ekonomska moć
economic sanctions - ekonomske sankcije
economic self-sufficiency - ekonomska samodovoljnost
enconomies of scale - ekonomija obima
E. D. P. - Electronic Data Processing - elektronska obrada podataka
elasticity of demand - elastičnost ponude
electronic funds transfer - sistem elektronskog transfera sredstava
end-consumer - krajnji potrošač
end-product - finalni proizvod
end-user - krajnji korisnik
E. O. E. - error and omission excepted - E. O. E. - izuzimajući greške i propuste
escalator clause - eskalatorna klauzula
eurobonds - euroobveznice
eurocurrency deposit - eurovalutni depozit
eurocurrency market - tržište eurovaluta
European Currency Unit - evropska valutna jedinica
European Monetary Agreement - Evropski monetarni sporazum
excess profit - višak vrednosti
excess supply - prekomerna ponuda
EXQ - Ex Quay - EXQ - franko obala - (isporuka robe do obale uključena u cenu
robe)
EXS - ex ship - EXS - franko brod - (u cenu robe uključen je i transport)
EXW - Ex works - EXW - franko fabrika - (u cenu robe nije uključen prevoz)
exchange approval - devizno ovlašćenje
exchange market - devizno tržište
exchange rate - devizni kurs
exchange restrictions - devizne restrikcije
exemption of contractual lability - isključenje ugovorne obaveze expiry date - datum
isteka
export limitation - ograničenje izvoza
export multiplier - izvozni multiplikator - (faktori koji utiču na višestruko javljanje
izvoznih efekata)
export-oriented economy - izvozno orijentisana privreda
export quota - izvozna kvota
exportable assets - izvozno sposoban kapital
extended cover - odobreno pokriće
extension loan - produžni zajam, sanacioni zajam
extensive agriculture - ekstenzivna poljoprivreda
external indebtedness - inostrani dug
external liquidity - spoljna likvidnost

F
factoring company - faktoring kompanija - (posrednička firma koja se bavi vrstom
osiguravajućih poslova u međunarodnoj trgovinskoj razmeni)
feasibility study - fizibiliti stad - (studija izvodljivosti nekog projekta)
floating capital - plivajući kapital
floating currency - plivajuća valuta
floating debt - plivajući dug - (1. kratkoročni dug, 2. državni dug, 3. zajam koji se
može otplaćivati na zahtev)
floating insurance - plivajuće osiguranje, otvoreno osiguranje
FOB - free on board - FOB - franko brod - (troškovi transporta do ukrcavanja na
brod uračunati su u cenu robe)
forced saving - prinudna štednja
forced settlement - prinudno poravnanje
foreign debt servicing - servisiranje inostranog duga - (otplata kamate inostranog
zajma)
forged cheque - falsifikovani ček
forward rate - terminski kurs
forwarder's receipt - špediterska potvrda
forward transactions - terminski poslovi
founder's share - akcija osnivača
F. P. A. - free of particular average - F. P. A. - slobodno od delimičnog oštećenja
frame contract - okvirni ugovor
framework credit line - okvirna kreditna linija
freight insurance - osiguranje vozarine
fresh money - svež novac - (dodatna sredstva)
front-end-finance - kompletno finansiranje
frozen account - blokirani račun
funding operations - funding operacije - (operacije konvertovanja kratkoročnih dugova
u dugoročne)
funds flow analysis - analiza kretanja sredstava

G
g/a - general average - velika havarija
G. A. T. T. - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - Opšti sporazum o
carinama i trgovini
general agreement - opšti sporazum
gentlemen's agreement - džentlmenski sporazum
gift cheque - poklon ček
governing law - nadležno zakonodavstvo
government expenditures - budžetski rashodi
government loan - državni zajam
government stock - državna akcija
grace period - grejs period, respektni dani, dani počeka
greenbacks - grinbeks - (naziv za državni papirni novac s prisilnim tečajem i
obustavom konvertibilnosti)
green currency - zelena valuta - (veštačko održavanje kurseva valuta u okviru EEZ
radi zaštite cena poljoprivrednih proizvoda)
Gross Domestic Product - domaći bruto proizvod
gross margin - bruto marža
Gross National Product - nacionalni bruto proizvod
gross national product deflator - deflator nacionalnog bruto proizvoda
gross value - bruto vrednost
growth rate - stopa rasta
guarantee (credit) - kreditna garancija
guarantee of correct functiorting - garancija za ispravno funkcionisanje
guarantee period - garantni period
guaranteed account - garantovani račun
guaranteed debt - garantovani dug
guaranteed interest - garantovana kamata
guaranteed obligations - garantovane obaveze
guaranteed prices - garantovane cene

H
handling costs - manipulativni troškovi
hard currency - čvrsta valuta
heavy industry - teška industrija
hedging - hedžing - (vrsta posla na robnim berzama)
high finance - visoke finansije - (kontrola koju imaju veliki finansijeri nad krupnim
investicijama)
horizontal integration - horizontalna integracija - (povezivanje izvesnog broja
preduzeća iste, ili slične proizvodnje)
hot money - hot mani - (1. spekulativni kapital, 2. brz transfer novca iz jednog
finansijskog centra u drugi u skladu sa kretanjem kamatnih stopa i drugih uslova na
finansijskom tržištu)

l
imperative rules - imperativna pravila
import deposit - uvozni depozit
imported inflation - uvezena inflacija
inactive money - neaktivni novac
incedental expenses - nepredviđeni izdatci
income and expenditure account - račun prihoda i rashoda
income in kind - prihod u naturi
income inflation - inflacija dohotka
increasing costs - rastući troškovi
indent contract - indentni ugovor - (vrsta kupoprodajnog ugovora u formi ponude
prodavca koja se, pristankom kupca, pretvara u trajni ugovor)
index clause - indeksna klauzula - (vrsta zaštitnih klauzula kojom se prodavač
zaštićuje od pada kupovne snage domaćeg novca)
indicative price - indikativna cena
indirect expenses - indirektni troškovi
indirect exporting - indirektni izvoz
indorsement confirmed - konfirmirani indosament
indorsement guarantee - garantovani
indosament inflation (cast) - inflacija troškova
inflation (demand) - inflacija potražnje
inflation hidden - prikrivena inflacija
inflationary gap - inflatorni jaz
inflatory spiral - inflatorna spirala
inflatory tendencies - inflatorne tendencije
ingoing cable - dolazni telegram
initial capital - početni kapital
initial program loading - punjenje početnog programa
inplant system - inplant sistem - (sistem instaliran unutar preduzeća)
input card - ulazna kartica input datum - ulazni podatak
input-output analysis - analiza inputa i autputa
input reader - ulazni čitač
input section - input sekšn - (odeljak za ulazni materijal)
input unit - ulazna jedinica
in real terms - u realnim iznosima
insurance fund - fond osiguranja
insurance market - tržište osiguranja
integration (circular) - cirkular o integraciji
integration (horizontal) - horizontalna integracija - (integracija firmi iste, ili slične
proizvodnje)
interest period - kamatni period
international clearing - međunarodni kliring
international commercial law - međunarodno privredno pravo
International Convention on Bili of Exchange - Međunarodna konvencija o menici
International Convention on Checks - Međunarodna konvencija o čeku
International currency - internacionalna valuta
International liquidity - internacionalna likvidnost
international monetary market - međunarodno monetarno tržište
international payments - međunarodna plaćanja
International Transfer of Technology - međunarodni transfer tehnologije
intervention price - interventna cena
intervention rates - interventni kursevi
invested capital - uloženi kapital
investible funds - Investiciona sredstva
investment analysis - investiciona analiza
investment bank - investiciona banka
investment coefficient - koeficijent investiranja
investment company - investiciono društvo
investment credits - investicioni krediti
investment market - tržište investicija
investment project - investicioni projekat
investment trusts - investicioni trustovi - (akcionarska društva za plasiranje kapitala)
invisible balance - nevidljivi saldo, nerobni saldo
invisible earnings - nerobni prihodi
invisible exports - nerobni izvoz
invisible imports - nerobni uvoz
invisible payments - nerobna plaćanja
irredeemable preference share - neotkupljiva povlašćena akcija
issued capital - izdat kapital
issuing bank - emisiona banka
issuing transaction - emisioni posao

J
job description - opis poslova
job specification - spedifikacija posla
joint and several guarantee - zajednička i pojedinačna garancija
joint liability - zajednička obaveza
joint ownership - zajedničko vlasništvo
joint solidarity fund - fond uzajamne solidarnosti
joint venture - džoint venčer - zajednički poduhvat

K
key currency - ključna valuta
key industry - ključna industrija
key word - ključna reč
knock-out agreement - nok aut agriment - (tajni dogovor među učesnicima licitacije
da se uzajamno ne natiču, radi postizanja što niže cene)

L
labour-intensive - radno-intenzivan
labour-intensive production - radno-intenzivna proizvodnja
landing account - istovarni račun - (račun istovara robe)
landing charges - troškovi istovara
L4C - latter of credit - akreditiv
L.C.L. - Less than container load - manje od kontejnerske poši ljke
legal proceedings - zakonski postupak
licenced deposit taker - ovlašćeni primalac depozita
licencing agreement - licencni ugovor
light industry - laka industrija
limited cheque - ograničeni ček - (ček ograničen do određenog iznosa)
limited L/C - ograničeni akreditiv - (cirkularni akreditiv koji korisnik može koristiti samo
u ograničenom broju mesta)
limited value - granična vrednost
line (credit) - kreditna linija
linear programming - linearno programiranje
liquid capital - likvidni kapital
liquid debts - likvidni dugovi - (dugovi koji odmah dospevaju)
liquid funds - likvidna sredstva
listing - listing - (ponuda obveznica ili akcija na berzi)
load - loud, opterećenje
loan capital - kapital zajma
loanable funds - pozajmljiva sredstva - (novac koji stoji na raspolaganju pojedincima i
institucijama)
loan market - tržište zajmova
lombard credit - lombardni kredit - (posebna vrsta kredita koja se odobrava uz zalog
određenih pokretnih stvari i pod određenim ustavima)
lombard rate - lombardna stopa
long-term financing - dugoročno finansiranje
long-term liabilities - dugoročne obaveze
long term production co-operation contract - ugovor o dugoroč noj proizvodnoj
kooperaciji
lump sum - globalna suma

M
machine loading schedule - plan punjenja računara
macro-economics - makro ekonomija
magnetic card - magnetska kartica
magnetic character reader - čitač magnetskih znakova
magnetic film - magnetik film, magnetski film
magnetic ink character recognition - obeležavanje slova magnetskim mastilom
mail transfer - poštanski transfer
management fee - menidžment fi - (provizija za organizovanje posla)
manual data imput - ručno unošenje podataka
manual operation - ručna operacija
manufacturing costs - proizvođački troškovi
manufacturing industry - prerađivačka industrija
manufacturing price - proizvodna cena
margin account - račun marže
margin system - mardžin sistem - (iznos koji se polaže na američkim berzama
prilikom zaključenja terminskih poslova, 2. kupoprodaja efekata delimično na kredit)
marginal product - granični proizvod
marginal productivity - granična proizvodnja
marginal return - granični prihod
marginal social product - marginalni društveni proizvod
marginal value - granična vrednost
marine Insurance policy - polisa pomorskog osiguranja
marked share - markirana akcija - (akcija po kojoj su prava ostvarena)
market day - tržišni dan
market economy - tržišna privreda
market factors - tržišni faktori
market fluctuations - fluktuacija tržišta
market inspection - tržišna inspekcija
market mechanism - tržišni mehanizam
mass consumption - masovna potrošnja
mass-production industry - industrija serijske proizvodnje
maturity date - datum dospeća
maximized prices - maksimizirane cene
mean price - srednja cena
merchant banks - trgovačke banke
micro-economics - mikro-ekonomija
mixed economy - mešana privreda - (ekonomski sistem u kome su neke firme u
državnom, a neke u privatnom vlasništvu)
monetary base - monetarna baza
monetary reform - monetarna reforma
monetary unit - monetarna jedinica
money (counterfeit) - falsifikovani novac
money broker - mani broker, menjač
money in circulation - novac u opticaju
money lender - mani lender, zajmodavac
money making - mani mejking, novčana zarada
money supply - novčana masa
monopoly (absolute) - apsolutni monopol
monopoly (bilateral) - bilateralni monopol
monopoly (buyer's) - monopol kupca
monopoly (commercial) - trgovinski monopol
monopoly (discriminating) - diskriminacioni monopol
monopoly (fiscal) - finansijski monopol
monopoly policy - politika monopola
mortgage credit - hipotekarni kredit
mortgage loan - hipotekarni zajam
multi-currency loan - viševalutni zajam - (zajam u koji je uključe no više valuta)
multilateral clearing - multilateralni kliring
multilateral payments - multilateralna plaćanja
multilateral trade - multilateralna trgovina

N
natlonal debt - nacionalni dug, državni dug
national income - nacionalni dohodak
national product - nacionalni proizvod
N. C. V. - no commerclal value - bez komercijalne vrednosti
near money - niar mani - (neaktivna i ograničena novčana sredstva, blokirana
sredstva, oročeni depoziti, itd.)
negative balance - negativni saldo
negative interest - negativni interes, pasivna kamata
negative pledge - negativna zaloga
negative pledge clause - klauzula negativne zaloge
negotiable Instruments - negocirajući instrumenti (ček, menica)
negotiating bank - negocirajuća banka - (banka koja vrši naplatu hartija od vrednosti)
negotiation fee - negošiejšn fi - (provizija za zaključenje zajma)
net annual value - neto godišnja vrednost
net balance counter position - stanje brojača direktnog salda
net income - čist dohodak net interest - čista kamata
net investment - čista investicija net loss - čist gubitak
net margin - čista marža
net national product - nacionalni neto proizvod
n/p - net proceeds - čist iznos
net profit - čist profit
net worth - neto vrednost
neutral banking transaction - neutralna bankarska transakcija
new deal - nju dil - (antikrizna ekonomska politika SAD tridesetih godina ovog veka)
night safe - noćni sef
nominal capital - nominalni kapital
nominal interest rate - nominalna kamatna stopa
non-cumulative preference - nekumulativna povlašćena akcija
non-monetary investment - nemonetarna investicija
non-performance of contract - neispunjenje ugovora
non-profit institution - nedohodovna institucija
non-resident account - račun nerezidenta
non-tariff barrier - bescarinska barijera
notice of default - obaveštenje o prekršaju
notice of drawdown - zahtev za povlačenje
N. P. V. - no par value - bez nominalne vrednosti
N. R. R. - net reproduction rate - stopa čiste reprodukcije
null and void - ništavan i nevažeći

O
odd lot - neparna količina - (u poslovanju na berzama SAD izraz za količinu akcija
koje nisu deljive sa 100)
off-balance items - vanbilansne stavke
off-balance sheet finance - vanbilansno finansiranje
official guotations - oficijelne kotacije - (berzanske ponude na zvaničnoj listi)
official rate - zvanični kurs
offset account - obračunski račun
offset dollar - obračunski dolar
on call business - onkol poslovi - (u međunarodnoj trgovini, proizvodi kod kojih se cena
unapred ne fiksira, već se vezuje za cenu neke međunarodne berze na kojoj se kotira
taj proizvod)
on demand L/C - akreditiv na zahtev
on-line - onlajn - (direktno vezan sa centralnom jedinicom i spreman za neposrednu
upotrebu, obračun, ili emitovanje informacija)
open cheque - otvoren ček - (ček bez pokrića)
open cover - otvoreno pokriće
open market operations - operacije slobodnog tržišta
opening balance - početni saldo
operating budget - operativni budžet
operating expenses - operativni troškovi
optical scanner - optički skener - (aparat koji čita brojeve sa dokumenata)
ordinary share - obična akcija
outgoing cable - izlazni telegram
out-of-pocket expenses - stvarni troškovi
output - autput - (obrađeni podaci koje emituje kompjuter)
output (domestic net) - domaća neto proizvodnja
output terminal - izlazni terminal
output unit - izlazna jedinica
output writer - izlazni pisač
overbudget - prekoračenje proračuna
overdue amount - prekoračeni iznos
overdue bill - zastarela menica
over-spot rate - over-spot reit - (razlika u kamati između terminskog i prometnog
deviznog berzanskog posla)
over-the-counter market - trgovina ispod tezge
over-valued currency - precenjena valuta
override termination date - datum prestanka produženja

P
package deal - paket posao - (1. ponuda koja ima više delova ili uslova, 2. ugovor
koji uključuje više različitih stvari)
packing credit - paking kredit - (kredit za nabavku ambalaže i transport do mesta
isporuke)
packing-list - paking-lista
paid-up capital - uplaćeni kapital
pantial delivery - delimična isporuka
participating bond - participejting bond - (vrsta obveznica na koje se u SAD pored
kamata u stalnom iznosu plaća i dodatna kamata)
partial shipment - delimična pošiljka
partly paid share - delimično uplaćena akcija
pay at sight - platiti po viđenju
pay at tenor - platiti o dospeću
pay by instalments - plaćati u ratama
payaible in advance - plativ unapred
payable in arrears - plativ unazad
paying bank - isplatna banka
payment against documents - plaćanje uz dokumenta
payment agreement - platni sporazum
payment by instalments - otplata u ratama
payment Instruments - instrumenti plaćanja
payment on open account - plaćanje preko otvorenog računa
payment through clearing - plaćanje kroz kliring
payment under guarantee - plaćanje uz garanciju
payment under reserve - isplata sa rezervom
performance bond - činidbena garancija
persistent inflation - trajna inflacija
personal check - lični ček
personal load - lični zajam
personal saving - privatna štednja
petro-dollar - petrodolar - (dolari realizovani prodajom nafte)
place deposit - plasirati depozit
place stop payment - staviti »stop payment« - (obustaviti plaća nje)
planned economy - planska privreda
pleading - pliding - (vođenje parnice)
p. n. - prices negociated - postignute cene
policy holder - imalac polise
postal order - poštanski nalog
preference bonds - prioritetne obveznice
preference capital - preferencljalni kapital - (deo kapitala izdat u formi povlašćenih
akcija)
preference dividend - prioritetna dividenda
preference share - povlašćena akcija
preferential payments - povlašćena plaćanja
preferential terms - prioritetni uslovi
premium (additional) - dodatna premija
premium (annual) - godišnja premija
premium (deferred) - odgođena premija
premium (deposit) - depozitna premija
premium (unearned) - neostvarena premija
presenting bank - prezentirajuća banka - (banka koja prezentira dokumenta)
price (actual) - stvarna cena
price (cost) - cena koštanja
price (basis) - osnovna cena
price (best) - najpovoljnija cena
price (bid) - licitaciona cena
price (ceiling) - plafonirana cena
price (competitive) - konkurentna cena
price (guaranteed) - garantovana cena
price (guide) - orijentaciona cena
price (invoiced) - fakturisana cena
price (market) - tržišna cena
price (offered) - ponuđena cena
price (purchased) - kupovna cena
price (supply) - nabavna cena
price fluctuation - fluktuacija cena
price freeze - zamrzavanje cena
primary industry - primarna industrija
primary risks - primarni rizici
prime rate - najpovoljnija stopa - (kamatna stopa koju zaračunavaju banke SAD
na zajmove prvoklasnim zajmoprimaocima)
principal payment - plaćanje glavnice
production coefficient - koeficijenat proizvodnje
profit (capital) - investicioni profit - (profit ostvaren od prodaje osnovnih sredstava)
profit (net) - čist profit
profit (retained) - zadržani profit - (profit koji nije raspodeljen akcionarima, veo se
ulaže u nove investicije)
profit and loss account - račun dobitka i gubitka
profit capitalization - kapitalizacija profita - (dodavanje kamata ostvarenom profitu)
profit inflation - inflacija dobiti
profit margin - marža profita
programming system - sistem programiranja
project finance - finansiranje projekta
prompt business - promptni poslovi - (poslovi koji se odmah izvršavaju)
prompt payment - promptno plaćanje
protected imports - zaštićeni uvoz - (roba koja podleže zaštitnoj carini)
protective tariff - zaštitna carina
public bonds - državne obveznice
public issue - javna emisija
public loan - javni zajam
public offer - javna ponuda
public sale - javna prodaja
purchasing power - kupovna moć
pyramid debt - piramidalni dug - (sukcesivno podizanje zajmova bez izmirenja
tekućih obaveza)

Q
qualified acceptance - uslovni akcept
qualified endorsement - uslovni indosament - (Indosament kojim indosant ograničava
ili odbija ličnu odgovornost)
quality control - kontrola kvaliteta
quantitative restrictions - kvantitativne restrikcije
quasi-money - kvazi novac - (sredstva koja nisu novac, a obav ljaju određene
funkcije novca)
quasi negotiable instrument - kvazi negocirajući instrument
(dokument koji ne sadrži sve bitne karakteristike prenosivog
instrumenta)
quasi rent - kvazi renta - (prinos neke kompanije čija je proizvodnja privremeno
ograničena)
quotation list - kursna lista

R
railway consignment note - železnički tovarni list
railway receipt - železnička priznanica
rate of return - stopa prinosa
rationing - racioniranje
real income - stvarni prihod
receipt - risit, potvrda
receipts and expenses - prihodi i rashodi
recessional - recesivan
record output - rekordna proizvodnja
recourse action - regresni postupak
red clause credit - akreditiv sa crvenom klauzulom
redeemable stock - otkupive akcije
redemption price - otkupna cena
re-exports - reeksport
reference bank - odnosna banka
reference currency - paritetna valuta
reference rate - odnosna stopa
refinance - refinansiranje
reflation - reflacija
registered bond - registrovana obveznica
registered share - registrovana akcija
regression analysis - analiza regresije
regressive supply - regresivna ponuda - (povećanje ponude
prouzrokovano padom cena na tržištu)
regressive tax - regresivna taksa - (porez koji se smanjuje sa povećanjem iznosa
koji se oporezuje)
rehabilitation loan - sanacioni zajam
reimbursement credit - rembursni kredit - (kredit na ime nakna de)
remitting bank - remitentna banka - (banka koja doznačuje no vac, hartije od
vrednosti)
remote control - daljinsko upravljanje
repressed inflation - suzbijena inflacija
reproduction costs - troškovi reprodukcije
rescheduling - reprogramiranje
reserves capitalization - kapitalizacija rezervi - (izdavanje bonusnih akcija
akcionarima iz rezervi kompanije)
restrictive clause - restriktivna klauzula
retail price index - indeks prodaje na malo
retained earnings - zadržana zarada
retention quota - retenciona kvota
return rate - stopa povraćaja
revalorization - revalorizacija
revocable credit - opozivi akreditiv
risk analysis - analiza rizika
royalty - rojalti - (naknada koju je sticalac licence dužan da plati davaocu licence za
ustupljeno pravo korišćenja predmeta ugovora o licenci)
run - ran - (navala ulagača na šaltere banke da dignu svoje uloge zbog političkih prilika
ili lošeg poslovanja banke)
runnlng costs - tekući troškovi

S
sales account - račun prodaje
sales analysis - analiza prodaje
sales contract - kupoprodajni ugovor
sales invoice - kupoprodajna faktura
savings account - štedni račun
savings deposit - štedni ulog
scalping operations - skalping operacije - (na američkim berza ma naziv za poslova
kod kojih se iz veoma malih kole banja cena nastoji izvući neka dobit)
scarce currency - deficitarna valuta
secured debt - obezbedeni dug - (dug koji ima neko pokriće)
secured loan - obezbedeni zajam
self-finanoing - samofinansiranje
sellective endorsing - selektivno potvrđivanje
seller's market - tržište liferanta
selling agent - kupoprodajni agent
selling order - prodajni nalog
selling price - prodajna cena
sensitive market - osetljivo tržište
settlement account - zaključni račun
settling day - dan isplate
sick market - bolesno tržište, poremećeno tržište
sight deposit - depozit po viđenju
sight funds - sredstva po viđenju
silver standard - srebrni standard
single item punching - bušenje kartica naloga
share certificate - akcijski sertifikat
share index - indeks akcija
share register - registar akcija
shipping instructions - otpremne instrukcije
shipping note - tovarni list
short-term capital - kratkoročni kapital
slump - slamp - (nagli pad cena ili kurseva)
social accounting - društveno knjigovodstvo
soft currency - meka valuta, nekonvertibilna valuta
software - softver - (skup programa, pravila i dodatne dokumentacije u vezi sa
sistemom za obradu podataka)
sound delivered clause - klauzula »zdravo isporučeno«.
sovereign immunity - najviši imunitet
Special Drawing Rights - specijalna prava vučenja
- (prava članica Međunarodnog monetarnog fonda)
special endorsement - specijalni indosament
speculative investment - spekulativna investicija
splitting - spliting - (cepanje akcija čiji je kurs veoma porastao na dve ili viša manje
nominalne vrednosti)
spot rate - spot reit - (kamatna stopa za telegrafske transfere)
spot terms - spot uslovi - (uslovi za prodaju koja se može odmah izvršiti)
spread - spred, marža
stabilization fund - stabilizacioni fond
stagflation - stagflacija - (inflacija uz stagnaciju proizvodnje)
stale documents - steil dokjuments - (dokumenta čija je važnost istekla)
standard - standard - (zakonska novčana stopa)
stand-by credits - sanacioni krediti
stand-by system - sistem rezerve
standing credit - stalni kredit
state monopoly of foreign trade - državni monopol u spoljnoj tr govini
sterling area - sterlinško područje
sterling credit - sterlinški kredit
stock-brocker - stok broker - (berzanski službenik)
stock certificate - akcijski sertifikat
stock-holder - stokholder - (vlasnik vrednosnih papira)
stock-jobber - stokdžober - (posrednik na berzi)
stockest - stokist - (u Britaniji posrednik koji za određene beneficije obezbeđuje
privremeno uskladištenje robe)
stop payment - obustava plaćanja
stop payment (place) - staviti »stop payment« - (obustaviti plaćanje)
sub-contractor - suizvođač
subscribed capital - upisani kapital
sum without off-balance records - iznos bez vanbilansnih stavki
supplementary costs - dodatni troškovi
supplementary invoice - dopunska faktura
supply and demand - ponuda i potražnja
supply-side economics - ekonomija podsticanja ponude
surplus account - račun dobiti
surplus profit - višak dobiti
suspense account - privremeni račun
swap transactions - svop poslovi - (berzanski poslovi istovreme ne kupovine i
prodaje deviza radi zarade na kamatama i promeni kurseva)
sweating system - sveting sistem - (sistem upotrebe Kemikalija radi smanjenja
težine kovanog novca od plemenitih metala)
SWIFT - Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommuniication -
SWIFT - (međunarodni sistem transfera novca putem kompjutera)
switching centre - svičing centar - (centar za automatsku razmenu informacija)
system output unit - izlazna jedinica sistema

T
tangible property - materijalna dobra
tape drive - radna traka
tariff regulations - tarifni propisi
tariff treaty - tarifni ugovor
tax credit - poreski kredit
tax (progressive) - progresivna taksa
tax reserves - poreske rezerve
taxable income - oporezivi dohodak
tender guarantee - licitaciona garancija
term loan - terminski zajam
term policy - terminska polisa
time contract - terminski ugovor
time deposit - oročeni depozit
time draft - oročena menica
time payment - terminsko plaćanje
time policy - vremenska polisa
trade/barter - barter trgovina - (specifičan oblik međunarodne robne razmene gde
se vrši direktna razmena robe bez korišćenja novca)
trade (bilateral) - bilateralna trgovina
trade (domestic) - domaća trgovina
trade (export) - izvozna trgovina
trade (import) - uvozna trgovina
trade (International) - međunarodna trgovina
trade (multilateral) - multilateralna trgovina
trade (retail) - trgovina na malo
trade (wholesale) - trgovina na veliko
trade barrier - trgovinska barijera
trade bill - terid bil - (trgovinska menica)
trade cycle - trgovinski ciklus
trade imbalance - trgovinski debalans
trade investments - trgovačke investicije
trade mark - trgovinska oznaka - (zaštitni znak)
trading cerificate - trgovinski certifikat
trading limit - trgovinski limit
transfer check - kontrola transfera
transfer prices - transferna cena - (dnevni kurs na berzi)
transferable bond - prenosiva obveznica
transferable credit - prenosivi akreditiv
transit duty - tranzitna carina
trans-shipment - pretovar

U
ultimate beneficiary - krajnji korisnik
unbalance tudget - neuravnoteženi budžet
unconditional acceptance - bezuslovni akcept
unconfirmed L/C - nekonfirmirani akreditiv
uncovered sheque - nepokriveni ček
uncustomed goods - neocarinjena roba
underinsurance - suosiguranje
underlicence - podlicenca
undervalued currency - potcenjena valuta
underwriting fee - anderajting fi - (provizija za upisivanje zajma)
undistributed profit - neraspodeljeni profit
unearned income - neostvareni dohodak
unemployment benefit - pomoć nezaposlenima
Uniform customs and practice for documentary credits - jednoobrazna
pravila i običaji za dokumentarne akreditive)
Uniform rules for collections - jednoobrazna pravila za naplate
unilateral clearing - jednostrani kliring
unit of account - obračunska jedinica
unlimited liability - neograničeno jemstvo
unrecoverable claims - nenaplativa potraživanja
unsecured credit - neobezbeđeni kredit
unsecured stocks - neobezbeđene akcije
unsettled claims - neizmirena potraživanja

V
value added - dodatna vrednost
value (annual) - godišnja vrednost
value (capital) - investiciona vrednost
value (capitalized) - kapitalizirana vrednost
value date - datum valute - (datum knjiženja)
value (face) - nominalna vrednost
value (market) - tržišna vrednost
value (received) - primljena vrednost
variable interest rate - varijabilna kamatna stopa
variation in exchange rate - varijacija deviznog kursa
vertical integration - vertikalna integracija - (povezivanje izves nog broja preduzeća
od kojih je svako uključeno u razli čitu fazu jedne iste proizvodnje)
visible balance - vidljivi saldo, robni saldo
visible exports - izvoz robe
visible imports - uvoz robe

W
wage freeze - zamrzavanje nadnica
weighting - ponderisanje - (način obračuna prosečnih vrednosti)
warehouse to warehouse clause - klauzula »od skladišta do skladišta« -
(klauzula u pomorskom kargo osiguranju kojom se obezbeđuje trajanje
osiguravajućeg pokrića)
withhoulding tax - porez na dohodak
wlthout prejudice - bez povrede (termin Iz ugovornih klauzula)
without recourse - bez regresa
work load - radno opterećenje
work permit - radna dozvola
working community - radna zajednica
WPA - with partioular average - sa partikularnom havarijom

Y
yearly settlements - godišnji obračun
yield interest - donositi kamatu

Z
zero balance - nulti saldo
zero economic growth - nulti ekonomski rast