Solved problems – 10th exercise

Solved problem 10.1.

Concrete block supports a part of horizontal pipeline with changing diameter –

diameter D1 = 1500 mm, diameter D2 = 1000 mm. Calculate magnitude of force FR which
acts on the block, supposing that pressure in front of the reduction is p1 = 392,4 kPa.
Discharge of water Q =1,8 m3.s-1.

Energy losses can be neglected.

Figure 1

Solution

Force of flow of liquid on walls of pipeline → application of momentum equation:

G G G G G
FR = F1 + F2 + ρQv 1 + ρQv 2

→ as the arrangement of pipe is horizontal, gravity of water inside the pipe cannot be
taken into consideration.

First step of calculation: determination of velocities and pressures inside the pipe

πD12 π * 0,15 2 Q 1,8

S1 = = = 1,767m 2 v1 = = = 1,019m.s −1
4 4 S1 1,767
πD 22 π * 0,12 Q
S2 = = = 0,785m 2 v2 = = 2,292m.s −1
4 4 S2

K141 HYA -1- exercise 10

Bernoulli equation is used to calculate pressure p2 in profile 2:

p1 v 12 p 2 v 22
+ = +
ρg 2g ρg 2g
p 2 p1 v 12 v 22 ⎛p v2 v2 ⎞ ⎛ 392,4.10 3 1,019 2 2,292 2 ⎞
= + − ⇒ p 2 = ⎜⎜ 1 + 1 + 2 ⎟ρ = ⎜⎜ + + ⎟ * 1000 = 390,3kPa
ρg ρg 2g 2g ⎝ρ 2 2 ⎟
⎠ ⎝ 1000 2 2 ⎟⎠

Second step of calculation:

Force FR is calculated from the momentum equation:

FR = p1S1 − p 2 S 2 + ρQv 1 − ρQv 2 =

= 392,4.10 3 * 1,767 − 390,3.10 3 * 0,785 + 1000 * 1,8 * 1,019 − 1000 * 1,8 * 2,292 = 384,5kN

Resulting force is then FR = 384,5 kN.

K141 HYA -2- exercise 10

Solved problem 10.2.

Calculate the force of water jet acting on semispherical blade of Pelton turbine.
The turbine is rotating, rotational speed is 320 rtm⋅min-1. Inner radius of blade curvature
is 4 cm, diameter of blade wheel D1 = 1,1 m. Discharge Q = 27 ls-1 outflows from the
nozzle with diameter 30 mm.
Correction coefficient of blades should be considered to be ψ = 0,94.

Figure 2

Solution

Q 4 ⋅ 0,027
Velocity of water with regard to the nozzle: v 1 = = = 38,197 ms −1
S nozzle π ⋅ 0,03 2

n 320
Peripheral velocity of wheel: u = π ⋅ D ⋅ = π ⋅ 1,1⋅ = 18,431 ms −1
60 60
Relative velocity: v 1 − u = 19,767 ms −1

Force on one blade caused by one nozzle - for a system of hemispherical blades:

FR = 2 ⋅ ψ ⋅ ρ ⋅ Q ⋅ (v 1 − u) = 1003,35 N

Force acting on one blade is then FR = 1003,35 N.

K141 HYA -3- exercise 10